Presentation used in tabriz university about importance of goals and a way to reach our goals

1. Where do goals come from?
According to oysterman and his colleagues, possible selves are only
effective when they are associated with specific goals and self-regulatory
strategies to achieve them.
They simply come from Our tendency to be the version that we demand
for.

2. According to a comparison between newcoming students and students who have
returned to college after years:
 It is discovered that second group with an experience of being in college have
more clear goals, cause they felt a necessity and found a reason for being in
college.

3. What is the importance of goals in attaining possible selves?
 Enhancing our performance
Goals enhance performance in five major ways (lock & latham, 1990)

4.  Effort
 Duration or persistence
 Direction of attention
 Strategic planning
 Reference point

5.  Effort: the goals you set for yourself influence what you attend and how hard you try to
maximize your performance. The more difficult the goal, the harder you are likely to
work to attain.
 Duration or persistence : when you work on a task without a goal, you are likely to
allow your attention to drift, become more easily interrupted, and even stop working
without completing the task. When you have a goal in mind, you have a more clearly
defined point in the performance that defines when it is to quit or withdraw from the
task.

6.  Direction of attention : goals direct your performance toward the task at hand and
away from unrelated or irrelevant tasks.
 Strategic planning : to accomplish a goal, you need to develop an action or strategy.
Goal setting encourages strategic planning, because the presence of goal encourages
you to decide how to proceed.

7.  Referrence point : when you identify where it is you are headed and receive feedback
on where you are, you can evaluate your performance and determine what further
actions need to be taken(If any). In fact , it is your satisfaction or dissatisfaction with
this evaluation that may have the greatest impact on your motivation.
Have you identified some goals in this ongoing term for yourself?

8. What is your goal orientation ?
 Mastery goal:
learning as much as possible for the purpose
Performance goals:
An orientation toward learning in which outperforming others is a major concern.

9. Mastery goal
 Advantages :
 Positive attitude
 Monitor comprehension
 Use more complex strategies
 Relate new material to your previous material.
 Disadvantages:
 You may not pay enough attention to the grades you make.

10. Performance goal
 Advantages:
 Getting top grades
 Disadvantages:
 Not engage in problem solving and critical thinking.
 Looking for quick payoffs and shortcuts instead of passing main way.

11. Research suggest that:
 1. adopting a mastery goal orientation has positive outcomes(Ames,1992)
 2. performance goals can be related to positive academic performance in
introductory college classes(Harackiewicz et al, 1997)

12.  Elliot and church(1997) found that performance goals can be divided into two
parts :
 Performance-approach oriented students: who wants to demonstrate their
superior ability }}} it can have positive effects such as earning high grades.
 Performance-ovoid oriented: they avoid the appearance of incompetence by
avoiding failure }}}} it van be always detrimental.

13. What factors influence your goal
orientation?
 Learning environment can affect your option, for example:
 If your lecturer pays attention to grades, you will probably choose
performance-oriention.
 If learning is paid more attention, then you will optmastery-goals.

14.  Harmony is the key to everything, then choose both
approaches for your goals.