The document discusses the use of 'while' and 'when' in sentences to express actions happening simultaneously or sequentially. 'While' is used to express two continuous actions happening at the same time, like "While you were sleeping, I was doing the housework." 'When' is used to express one action happening in the course of another or immediately after another, like "When we were in the city center, we went to nice restaurants." The document provides examples of filling in sentences with 'while' or 'when' and conjugating verbs in the past simple or past continuous tenses.