Language is defined in the document as a system of symbols used by humans to communicate, express identity, and share ideas and emotions. It is described as the most unique trait of humans and the greatest achievement of civilization. Experts define language as a conventional system used by social groups to communicate and express culture through spoken, signed, or written symbols. Linguists note that language is the expression of ideas through speech sounds and words combined into sentences to convey thoughts, and is a voluntary, arbitrary, and vocal system of human cooperation.
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
properties of language, arbitrariness, duality, discreteness, productivity, language universals, language cultural dependence, traits of human language, linguistics,
We refer to to the 4 sources of language origin discussed in George Yule's importance book, The Study of Language. I have added something to the Divine Source; Some Quranic verses have been added to it!
Computer Assisted Language Learning
an approach to language teaching and learning in which computer technology is used as an aid to the presentation, reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned, usually including a substantial interactive element.
Around since the 1960s
One arm of Applied Linguistics
Has been gaining in popularity in the past 10
years.
People often talk about English as a global language or lingua franca. With more than 350 million people around the world speaking English as a first language and more than 430 million speaking it as a second language, there are English speakers in most countries around the world. Why is English so popular, though? And why has it become a global language?
Here is the answer lies in the slide.
PLEASE DO WATCH
properties of language, arbitrariness, duality, discreteness, productivity, language universals, language cultural dependence, traits of human language, linguistics,
We refer to to the 4 sources of language origin discussed in George Yule's importance book, The Study of Language. I have added something to the Divine Source; Some Quranic verses have been added to it!
Computer Assisted Language Learning
an approach to language teaching and learning in which computer technology is used as an aid to the presentation, reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned, usually including a substantial interactive element.
Around since the 1960s
One arm of Applied Linguistics
Has been gaining in popularity in the past 10
years.
People often talk about English as a global language or lingua franca. With more than 350 million people around the world speaking English as a first language and more than 430 million speaking it as a second language, there are English speakers in most countries around the world. Why is English so popular, though? And why has it become a global language?
Here is the answer lies in the slide.
PLEASE DO WATCH
Language is the most powerful tool given by God to humans. Language has some characteristics or features. The presentation discusses language, its definitions and salient characteristics.
Have a conceptual understanding of language; Inderstand the language background of students as first or second language users of the language used in teaching the subject; Understand multilingualism in the classroom, school language and home language;
Develop sensitivity with respect to language diversity that exists in the classroom;
Understand the nature of classroom discourse
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. What is language?
a set of signals by which we communicate;
the most unique gift that sets human beings
apart from the rest of living creatures;
the greatest accomplishment of human
civilization;
nothing in the world approximates the
human language for flexibility, complexity,
precision, productivity, and sheer quantity;
the most important asset for human
civilization.
3. Experts’ Definitions
Language, a system of conventional
spoken, manual (signed), or written
symbols by means of which human
beings, as members of a social group
and participants in its culture, express
themselves. The functions of language
include communication, the expression
of identity, play, imaginative
expression, and emotional release.
(Britannica.com)
4. What Linguists Said
“Language is the expression of ideas by means of
speech-sounds combined into words. Words are
combined into sentences, this combination
answering to that of ideas into thoughts.”- Henry
Sweet
“A language is a system of arbitrary vocal
symbols by means of which a social group
cooperates.”-Bernard Bloch and George L. Trager
“Language is particularly human and non-instinctive
method of communicating ideas, emotions and
desires by means of voluntary produced symbols.”
- Sapir (1921)
5. Inherent characteristics of
language
Language is primarily vocal: Speech primary and
writing secondary
Language is voluntary.
Language is arbitrary.
Language is a system of systems.
Language is capable of distinguishing human
from other creatures.
Language is a means of communication.
Language is a form of social behaviour.
Language is a vehicle of thought.
It is conventional.
6. To conclude
It is difficult to define the term like language
as it is to define the term life. Just as life can
be defined only in terms of the characteristics
(growth, reproduction, exertion, respiration,
etc) language can also be defined on the
basis of its characteristics. Linguists tried to
define language in their way, but the most
comprehensive definition of language can be
summed up as:
'an arbitrary, voluntary, vocal system of
human communication'.
