What is ecchymosis
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http://www.healthwhoop.com/ecchymosis/ Ecchymosis is a skin problem that is characterized by a red or blue discoloration of the skin. It does not appear to be raised like acne and is a result of one or more underlying medical conditions. Ecchymosis is not a bruise, though it appears to be like one. It is a subcutaneous spot which is a result of blood fleeing into the tissues from broken blood vessels. It is usually bigger than 1 cm in and in some cases as big as 4-5 cm.
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Parotitis
Parotitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection, resulting in swelling, redness, and soreness of the glands and surrounding tissues. There are four main types: acute bacterial parotitis, which causes erythema, pain, swelling, tenderness and pus discharge from the gland; chronic recurrent parotitis; viral parotitis; and recurrent parotitis in children. Symptoms include bad taste, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, face pain, fever, swelling in the jaw, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing in severe cases.
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The document discusses various salivary gland disorders including infections, inflammatory conditions, cysts, tumors and other pathologies. It provides details on:
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This document discusses parotitis, which is inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. It can be acute or chronic, and bacterial or viral in causation. Common causes include Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the mumps virus. Risk factors include dehydration, malnutrition, immunosuppression, and certain medications. Symptoms include swelling of the parotid gland area along with pain, fever, and systemic toxicity. Diagnosis involves cultures, ultrasound or CT/MRI imaging. Treatment is with hydration, antibiotics like nafcillin administered intravenously, and sometimes surgical drainage or parotidectomy for long-standing cases.
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This document discusses salivary gland disorders. It defines salivary glands and lists common disorders like sialolithiasis, sialadenitis, cysts, benign and malignant tumors, Sjogren's syndrome, and sialadenosis. The causes, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are described for each disorder. Nursing interventions for related conditions like dry mouth and pain are also outlined. The goal is to educate about salivary gland disorders, causes, diagnosis, treatment, nursing care, and prevention.
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Parotitis
Parotitis is inflammation of the salivary glands, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection, resulting in swelling, redness, and soreness of the glands and surrounding tissues. There are four main types: acute bacterial parotitis, which causes erythema, pain, swelling, tenderness and pus discharge from the gland; chronic recurrent parotitis; viral parotitis; and recurrent parotitis in children. Symptoms include bad taste, difficulty opening the mouth, dry mouth, face pain, fever, swelling in the jaw, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing or breathing in severe cases.
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short description of the process of deglutation with all the stages and their complete description and graphic view of all the things that are undergoing during the process of swallowing including an animated summary of whatever goes in the mouth for ease of understanding.
Acute gingival infections
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), also known as Vincent's gingivitis or Vincent's infection, is a polymicrobial infection of the gums that results in ulceration, necrosis, and pain. It is caused by an overgrowth of oral bacteria like spirochetes and fusiform bacteria when the immune system is weakened by factors like stress, malnutrition, or HIV infection. ANUG begins as small ulcers on the gums that can spread and deepen over time if left untreated, potentially resulting in bone and tissue loss. Symptoms include bleeding, foul taste, and pain when eating. Treatment focuses on improving oral hygiene and nutrition to restore immune function and resolve the
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The document discusses various salivary gland disorders including infections, inflammatory conditions, cysts, tumors and other pathologies. It provides details on:
- Acute and chronic bacterial sialadenitis, most commonly caused by retrograde infection from the mouth. Acute infections more often affect the parotid gland.
- Viral infections like mumps can cause acute non-suppurative sialadenitis. Mumps is spread through droplets and involves the parotid glands.
- Sjรถgren's syndrome is an autoimmune condition characterized by lymphocytic destruction of exocrine glands causing dry mouth and eyes. Diagnosis involves labial biopsy.
- Common benign sal
Parotitis
This document discusses parotitis, which is inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. It can be acute or chronic, and bacterial or viral in causation. Common causes include Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the mumps virus. Risk factors include dehydration, malnutrition, immunosuppression, and certain medications. Symptoms include swelling of the parotid gland area along with pain, fever, and systemic toxicity. Diagnosis involves cultures, ultrasound or CT/MRI imaging. Treatment is with hydration, antibiotics like nafcillin administered intravenously, and sometimes surgical drainage or parotidectomy for long-standing cases.
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This document discusses salivary gland disorders. It defines salivary glands and lists common disorders like sialolithiasis, sialadenitis, cysts, benign and malignant tumors, Sjogren's syndrome, and sialadenosis. The causes, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are described for each disorder. Nursing interventions for related conditions like dry mouth and pain are also outlined. The goal is to educate about salivary gland disorders, causes, diagnosis, treatment, nursing care, and prevention.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye. It discusses the main structures of the eye including the sclera, cornea, choroid, ciliary body, iris, and retina. It describes the functions of these structures such as refracting light, maintaining eye shape, accommodation, pupil constriction and dilation, and light detection by the retina. The document also discusses the interior of the eye, production and drainage of aqueous humor, and the physiology of vision including light and dark adaptation.
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The document summarizes the three stages of swallowing (deglutition):
1) Buccal stage where the tongue retracts forcing the bolus into the oropharynx.
2) Pharyngeal stage is involuntary where the soft palate and larynx elevate to prevent food entering the nasal cavity and lungs. The bolus moves into the upper esophagus.
3) Esophageal stage where peristalsis propels the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach over 8-20 seconds while the lower esophageal and stomach sphincters relax.
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This document discusses the process of deglutition (swallowing). It begins with an introduction describing that swallowing involves coordinated activity of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus muscles. It is partly under voluntary and partly under reflexive control. The document then covers the components, phases (oral, pharyngeal, esophageal), muscles involved, theories of swallowing, and neural control of deglutition. Key points include that swallowing has oral preparatory and oral phases under voluntary control and a pharyngeal phase that is reflexive, propelling the bolus into the esophagus for involuntary transport.
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Deglutition by Dr Anand More
The document discusses the process of deglutition or swallowing. It describes the three stages of swallowing as the oral stage, pharyngeal stage, and esophageal stage. The pharyngeal stage is a reflex that is initiated by receptors in the pharynx and involves closing the epiglottis, lifting the larynx, and peristaltic contractions to push food through to the esophagus. The esophageal stage uses primary and sometimes secondary peristalsis to transport food to the stomach through the esophagus. Clinical issues related to difficulties or abnormalities in swallowing are also mentioned.
Rhinitis presentation
Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal cavity that can be allergic or non-allergic in nature. Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is caused by an allergen triggering an immune response. Non-allergic rhinitis includes acute viral/bacterial rhinitis from infections as well as chronic rhinitis from long-term irritation or obstruction. Symptoms include sneezing, congestion, and rhinorrhea. Treatment focuses on environmental control, medications like antihistamines, nasal steroids, and immunotherapy for allergies. Chronic rhinitis can lead to sinusitis if mucus is unable to drain properly from the sinuses.
Edema
CONTENTS:
GENERAL
NORMAL FLUID CIRCULATION
EDEMA- INTRODUCTION
CAUSES
CLASSIFICATION
MAJOR TYPES
NOTE- Fonts may appear weird because the original fonts are different from the ones visible here.
Tongue
The document provides information about the anatomy and structures of the tongue. It begins with an introduction and then discusses the functions, development, external features, muscles, mucous membrane, glands, nerve supply, examination, and diseases of the tongue. The document contains detailed descriptions of the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, papillae, taste buds, arterial supply, lymphatic and venous drainage, and how to properly examine the tongue.
Anatomy Lecture: Digestive System (1st Semester)
The digestive system consists of a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane that extends from the mouth to the anus. It functions to ingest, digest, absorb, and eliminate food and waste. The main elements are the alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) and accessory organs (tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas). The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste from the body.
12 cranial nerves
This document summarizes the 12 cranial nerves:
- Cranial Nerves I, II, and III are olfactory, optic, and oculomotor nerves involved in smell, vision, and eye movement.
- Cranial Nerves V, VII, and VIII are the trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions of the face and hearing.
- The remaining cranial nerves innervate muscles of the head, neck, soft palate, pharynx, and heart.
Physiology of deglutition
This document summarizes the physiology of deglutition (swallowing) in humans. It describes the three stages of swallowing: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal. The pharyngeal stage is involuntary and involves the movement of food from the pharynx to the esophagus. The esophageal stage is also involuntary and involves peristaltic waves that propel food down the esophagus and into the stomach through contractions of the smooth muscle in the esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter plays an important role in preventing reflux of gastric contents back up into the esophagus.
Sturcture of tooth
This document describes the structure and diseases of teeth. It discusses the parts of a tooth including the crown, root, and tissues like enamel, dentin, and cementum. It describes the tissues surrounding teeth like the alveolar process, bone, and periodontal ligament. Common dental diseases are also summarized such as dental caries, pulpitis, gingivitis and periodontitis. The surfaces and structures of teeth are defined including the facial, lingual, incisal edges and occlusal surfaces. Other oral cavity structures like leukoplakia, fissured tongue, fibroma and hairy tongue are also briefly mentioned.
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Night blindness, also known as nyctalopia, is a condition where it is difficult or impossible to see in low light conditions. It can be present from birth or caused by injury or malnutrition, especially vitamin A deficiency. The main causes of night blindness include vitamin A deficiency, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital night blindness, pathological myopia, peripheral cortical cataracts, and advanced primary open angle glaucoma. The underlying cause must be treated, such as supplementing vitamin A for a deficiency or surgery for retinitis pigmentosa.
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The pharynx is a muscular tube located behind the nose, mouth and larynx. It is wider at the upper end and divided into three parts - the nasopharynx behind the nose, the oropharynx behind the mouth, and the laryngopharynx connecting to the esophagus. The pharynx serves as an airway for breathing and a passageway for food and acts to warm, humidify, and protect the air and assist in speech. It is associated with structures like the skull, vertebrae, tonsils, and auditory tubes.
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This document discusses stomatitis, an inflammation of the mouth lining. It defines stomatitis and lists its common causes such as infections, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and radiation/chemotherapy. The main signs and symptoms include pain, ulcers, and bleeding in the mouth. It describes different types of stomatitis like aphthous, angular, and denture-related stomatitis. The management involves coating agents, mouthwashes, analgesics, and topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
Blindness
1) Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 or inability to count fingers at 3 meters. It affects 180 million people worldwide, of whom 45 million are blind.
2) Cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), and trachoma (5.6 million) are the leading causes of blindness globally. In India, cataract causes 62.6% of blindness.
3) Prevention programs focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific initiatives for conditions like trachoma and school eye health services. The goal is to reduce blindness prevalence through improved access to eye care.
triangle of death ppt
This document discusses the "danger area of the face" - the upper lip, lower part of the nose, and adjacent area, also known as the "triangle of death." Infections and injuries in this area can readily spread to the cavernous sinus through the anterior facial vein, resulting in the serious condition of cavernous sinus thrombosis. The anterior facial vein has no valves, allowing for bi-directional blood flow. This area of the face also lacks deep fascia, which normally acts as a barrier to the spread of infection. Early and aggressive antibiotic treatment administered intravenously for 3-4 weeks is the mainstay of therapy for cavernous sinus thrombosis.
SPECIAL SENSES
Senses : any of the physical processes by which stimuli are received, transduced, and conducted as impulses to be interpreted in the brain.
The special senses consist of the eyes, ears, nose, throat and skin.
Each of these organs have specialized functions that make if possible for us to experience our environment and to make that experience more pleasant
anatomy and physiology of eye
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye. It discusses the main structures of the eye including the sclera, cornea, choroid, ciliary body, iris, and retina. It describes the functions of these structures such as refracting light, maintaining eye shape, accommodation, pupil constriction and dilation, and light detection by the retina. The document also discusses the interior of the eye, production and drainage of aqueous humor, and the physiology of vision including light and dark adaptation.
Mechanism of swallowing
The document summarizes the three stages of swallowing (deglutition):
1) Buccal stage where the tongue retracts forcing the bolus into the oropharynx.
2) Pharyngeal stage is involuntary where the soft palate and larynx elevate to prevent food entering the nasal cavity and lungs. The bolus moves into the upper esophagus.
3) Esophageal stage where peristalsis propels the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach over 8-20 seconds while the lower esophageal and stomach sphincters relax.
deglutition
This document discusses the process of deglutition (swallowing). It begins with an introduction describing that swallowing involves coordinated activity of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus muscles. It is partly under voluntary and partly under reflexive control. The document then covers the components, phases (oral, pharyngeal, esophageal), muscles involved, theories of swallowing, and neural control of deglutition. Key points include that swallowing has oral preparatory and oral phases under voluntary control and a pharyngeal phase that is reflexive, propelling the bolus into the esophagus for involuntary transport.
2. function of cranial nerves
Cranial nerves Make a large portion of the Peripheral nerve system, these are all arises from Brain passes through various foraminae in the cranium.
Anatomy of Ear
The ear is divided into three parts - external, middle, and internal. The external ear consists of the pinna and external auditory meatus. The pinna has elevations like the helix and depressions like the concha. The middle ear contains the auditory ossicles and transmits sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The internal ear contains the membranous labyrinth within the bony labyrinth, and is responsible for hearing and balance. It includes the cochlea, saccule, utricle and semicircular canals.
Otitis externa
Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal caused by bacteria or fungi. It commonly affects children ages 7-12 and the elderly. Symptoms include ear pain, itching, discharge and temporary hearing loss. Diagnosis is made through physical exam, microscopy and culture of discharge. Treatment focuses on removing debris, using antibiotic/antifungal ear drops, and dry ear precautions to prevent recurrence, especially in high-risk groups like diabetics who are prone to the more serious malignant otitis externa infection.
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Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the bodyโs response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ
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ูุฒู
ุฉ ุชุดุฑุญ ููุณูุง ุจ ููุณูุง ุจุณ ุชููู ุชุนุงู ุงูุฑุงูู
6- ุชุญุชูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ูู ุงูู ุณูุงูุฏ ุนูู ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุชุชุถู
ู ุฌู
ูุน ุชูุฑูุนุงุช ู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูููููู ุงูู
ุฐููุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ
ูุงุฎูุฑุงู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฒู
ุฉ ุญูุงูู ุนูููู
ูุฅุชู
ูู ู
ููู
ุฅู ุชุฏุนููู ุจุงูุฎูุฑ ูุงูุตุญุฉ ูุงูุนุงููุฉ ููุท
ูู ุงูุชูููู ุฒู
ูุงุฆู ูุฒู
ููุงุชู ุ ุฒู
ูููู
ู
ุญู
ุฏ ุงูุฐูุจู ๐๐
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
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๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
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