This document discusses various types of hearing loss and deafness. It defines deafness as the inability to hear and hearing loss as a diminished ability to hear sounds. There are different degrees of hearing loss from mild to profound. Causes can include diseases, medications, aging, noise exposure, and genetic factors. Symptoms and diagnosis are also outlined. Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Doctors use tests like audiograms and tuning forks to evaluate hearing ability at different frequencies and volumes.
Hearing is valuable and needs protection from noise-induced hearing loss. There are two types of noise-induced hearing loss - temporary, which is reversible if detected early, and permanent. Permanent hearing loss can result from brief loud noise exposure and has little chance of regaining normal hearing. Ways to protect hearing include reducing noise, wearing earplugs in loud environments, educating oneself on noise levels and warning signs. Treatments for hearing loss include hearing aids, cochlear implants and other assistive devices, but prevention through protecting hearing is important.
Hearing Impairment is an inability to hear the sound.It may occur in one ear or both the ears.It may be permanent or temporary.In this ppt, we will identify the causes, symptoms, types of hearing loss and many more.
Psychological Affects of Hearing Loss in Teensschleefy
Understanding the causes of hearing loss is therefore important, but perhaps more important is understanding the psychological effects this can have on a teen. Only with a firm grasp of how hearing loss affects identity, social interaction and emotional well being can parents, teachers, speech therapists, psychologists and others hope to help teens adjust to their circumstances. Published by Ann Steele, MFT, http://mastersinpsychologyguide.com/reports/PsychologicalAffectsOfHearlingLossInTeens.pdf
This document discusses hearing impairment and hearing aids. It describes how sound travels through the ear and common types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and auditory processing disorders. The document outlines different types of hearing aids including Behind-The-Ear (BTE), In-The-Ear (ITE), In-The-Canal (CIC), Receiver-In-The-Canal (RIC), and cochlear implants. It provides accommodations that can help those with hearing impairments in the classroom, such as having the student sit in the best place to hear and using visual aids.
Here are the key steps an audiologist would take to help Lily and her family:
1. The doctor would refer Lily to an audiologist for hearing tests to determine the severity and type of her hearing loss.
2. The audiologist would perform behavioral and objective tests to assess Lily's hearing ability and identify if she has a partial, mild, severe or profound hearing loss.
3. If needed, the audiologist would fit Lily for hearing aids and work with the family to help Lily gradually adjust to using the aids. This would require periodic follow-ups to monitor progress.
4. The audiologist can provide guidance on communication strategies and connect the family to additional
1) The document discusses key terms and concepts related to deaf culture and identity such as the differences between Deaf, deaf, hearing, and hard of hearing.
2) It outlines important aspects of deaf culture such as American Sign Language, etiquette, technology, education approaches, deaf clubs, and perspectives on music.
3) The document encourages keeping an open mind and imagining what it would be like to be deaf without language as a way to better understand the deaf experience.
This document discusses hearing aid basics and advanced hearing aid technology. It explains that hearing aids have microphones, amplifiers and speakers to pick up and amplify sounds. Modern hearing aids use non-linear processing like compression and expansion to fit sounds within patients' dynamic ranges and mimic the cochlea's non-linearity. Frequency transposition moves inaudible high frequencies down an octave. Hearing aids may affect the natural resonance of the ear canal. Conductive hearing losses are easier to treat with hearing aids than sensorineural losses.
Hearing is valuable and needs protection from noise-induced hearing loss. There are two types of noise-induced hearing loss - temporary, which is reversible if detected early, and permanent. Permanent hearing loss can result from brief loud noise exposure and has little chance of regaining normal hearing. Ways to protect hearing include reducing noise, wearing earplugs in loud environments, educating oneself on noise levels and warning signs. Treatments for hearing loss include hearing aids, cochlear implants and other assistive devices, but prevention through protecting hearing is important.
Hearing Impairment is an inability to hear the sound.It may occur in one ear or both the ears.It may be permanent or temporary.In this ppt, we will identify the causes, symptoms, types of hearing loss and many more.
Psychological Affects of Hearing Loss in Teensschleefy
Understanding the causes of hearing loss is therefore important, but perhaps more important is understanding the psychological effects this can have on a teen. Only with a firm grasp of how hearing loss affects identity, social interaction and emotional well being can parents, teachers, speech therapists, psychologists and others hope to help teens adjust to their circumstances. Published by Ann Steele, MFT, http://mastersinpsychologyguide.com/reports/PsychologicalAffectsOfHearlingLossInTeens.pdf
This document discusses hearing impairment and hearing aids. It describes how sound travels through the ear and common types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and auditory processing disorders. The document outlines different types of hearing aids including Behind-The-Ear (BTE), In-The-Ear (ITE), In-The-Canal (CIC), Receiver-In-The-Canal (RIC), and cochlear implants. It provides accommodations that can help those with hearing impairments in the classroom, such as having the student sit in the best place to hear and using visual aids.
Here are the key steps an audiologist would take to help Lily and her family:
1. The doctor would refer Lily to an audiologist for hearing tests to determine the severity and type of her hearing loss.
2. The audiologist would perform behavioral and objective tests to assess Lily's hearing ability and identify if she has a partial, mild, severe or profound hearing loss.
3. If needed, the audiologist would fit Lily for hearing aids and work with the family to help Lily gradually adjust to using the aids. This would require periodic follow-ups to monitor progress.
4. The audiologist can provide guidance on communication strategies and connect the family to additional
1) The document discusses key terms and concepts related to deaf culture and identity such as the differences between Deaf, deaf, hearing, and hard of hearing.
2) It outlines important aspects of deaf culture such as American Sign Language, etiquette, technology, education approaches, deaf clubs, and perspectives on music.
3) The document encourages keeping an open mind and imagining what it would be like to be deaf without language as a way to better understand the deaf experience.
This document discusses hearing aid basics and advanced hearing aid technology. It explains that hearing aids have microphones, amplifiers and speakers to pick up and amplify sounds. Modern hearing aids use non-linear processing like compression and expansion to fit sounds within patients' dynamic ranges and mimic the cochlea's non-linearity. Frequency transposition moves inaudible high frequencies down an octave. Hearing aids may affect the natural resonance of the ear canal. Conductive hearing losses are easier to treat with hearing aids than sensorineural losses.
Interpersonal Communication Deaf Culture PresentationKaylee Teixeira
1) The document discusses the pathological and cultural views of deafness and how most deaf people do not want to be "fixed" with cochlear implants.
2) It provides a history of deaf education in America from Martha's Vineyard to residential schools and the development of Deaf culture and American Sign Language.
3) Oppression of the deaf community included the banning of sign language, eugenics efforts, and restrictions on driving and marriage that continued into the 20th century.
4) The document outlines important aspects of Deaf culture and community including clubs, sports, technology, resistance movements, and prominent Deaf figures.
Hearing Parents Deaf Children RelationshipJoy Cristal
This is a presentation done on September 11, 2009 at the CAP College,(Makati) for the Deaf where more than 60 parents of college-age Deaf students attended
The document provides an overview of understanding hearing impairment. It defines hearing impairment and discusses causes, classifications, and characteristics. It also describes rehabilitation programs including assessment, educational options, and communication methods like sign language. Visual gestural communication methods like sign language, finger spelling, and simultaneous communication methods are explained. Tips for communicating with those who have hearing impairments are provided.
Hearing loss can have many meanings and definitions. It refers to an inability to hear sounds within a typical range without assistance. Hearing loss is measured by intensity and frequency of sounds a person can hear. There are different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensory, and mixed. Degrees range from mild to profound. Causes include ear infections, genetic conditions, aging, and loud noise exposure. Hearing loss impacts language development and academic performance in children. While many with hearing loss can speak, sign language is the primary language for some. Technologies like hearing aids and cochlear implants can help but do not restore normal hearing. Communication methods include lip reading, sign language, and assistive devices.
This document discusses stuttering, including its definition, incidence and prevalence, differential diagnosis from normal non-fluency, onset and development patterns. It notes that stuttering typically begins between ages 2-5 and outlines guidelines for differentiating normal dysfluencies from abnormal ones associated with stuttering. The need for early identification and treatment of stuttering is also mentioned.
Value of early intervention for hearing impairment on speech and language aqu...Dr.Ebtessam Nada
The document discusses the critical period for language acquisition in deaf children and the effects of early intervention. It summarizes a study that assessed language and speech outcomes in 58 deaf children who received hearing aids or cochlear implants at different ages. The study found that children who were amplified before 6 months of age achieved significantly higher language scores than those amplified between 6-12 months or 12-24 months. Children who received cochlear implants after 12-24 months showed better outcomes than those receiving hearing aids only, indicating electrical stimulation can still support language acquisition past the critical period. The document concludes early detection before 6 months is best for language outcomes, and cochlear implants may provide benefits even after 24 months.
Hearing loss ranges in severity from mild to profound and affects 360 million people worldwide. There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Conductive hearing loss is when sound cannot be conducted through the outer ear to the eardrum. Sensorineural hearing loss is damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve pathway. Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural. Signs of hearing loss in children include frequent ear infections, delayed language development, and difficulty locating or identifying sounds. Treatment options depend on the severity and include hearing aids, cochlear implants, and osseointegrated devices.
The document provides an overview of definitions, causes, challenges, and educational approaches related to deafness and hearing loss. It defines deaf and hard of hearing according to IDEA and discusses the debate around oral vs. manual communication methods. The document also summarizes prevalence data, the importance of early identification, challenges associated with hearing loss, and strategies for teaching students with hearing impairments.
Climatic Design of Vernacular Homes in Kenya to Meet Requirements of Modern L...paperpublications3
This document discusses the climatic design of traditional homes in Kenya and how their design principles can be applied to modern homes. It begins by outlining the problem of high energy consumption in modern Kenyan homes that do not consider local climate. It then examines the traditional housing styles of the Maasai, Rendile, and Taita ethnic groups, noting design features like natural ventilation, local materials, and passive cooling. A comparison is made between traditional and modern homes, showing how traditional designs were better adapted to the climate through layout, materials, ventilation and lighting approaches. The document concludes that Kenya's architecture should embrace traditional wisdom to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy use through climatically appropriate design.
The document discusses understanding hearing impairment and provides information on several key topics:
1. Over 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss, including 32 million children. Early detection and management of hearing loss in infants is important.
2. Hearing loss can be classified based on age of onset, language development impact, location of impairment in the ear, and degree of loss. Causes include genetic factors, illness, injury, certain drugs, and age-related hearing loss.
3. Hearing impairment can impact vocabulary development, language skills, socialization, learning, and academic achievement. Deaf individuals are visual learners and develop concepts differently than those without hearing loss.
This document discusses techniques for counseling patients about hearing loss and fitting hearing aids. It emphasizes presenting an accurate portrayal of a patient's residual hearing ability by mapping their auditory area using thresholds and supra-threshold testing. This identifies the areas of permanent hearing loss and stimulates the remaining areas with hearing aids to provide realistic expectations of improved hearing without exceeding discomfort levels. The goal is for patients to understand the extent of their loss and be satisfied with the benefits of amplification.
Hearing loss | Cause of hearing loss | Symptoms | Hearingsolskyadavseo76
When you hearing less, you become a victim of hearing loss. Hearing loss you can have many reasons like an ear infection, ear damage and loudly sound.The most common categories of hearing loss are-( mild hearing loss, moderate hearing loss, severe hearing loss, profound hearing loss). https://www.hearingsol.com/help/hearing-loss/
Uploading this presentation for ACADEMIC WRITING (SWAYAM) assignment. it is about hearing problems and the data is collected from various sites, books and journals.
This document discusses Ethiopian vernacular bamboo architecture and its potential for adaptation in modern urban housing. It provides details on bamboo resources in Ethiopia, traditional Sidama housing construction processes and materials, and socio-cultural and environmental aspects of vernacular architecture. While vernacular architecture is adapted to the local climate and uses sustainable resources, challenges to its wider adoption include a lack of bamboo recognition in building codes, limited markets and awareness, and disconnect between stakeholders. Adapting vernacular approaches could help reduce the construction industry's environmental footprint.
You might have many questions running in your mind about what are the possible causes of hearing loss, and when is the right time to take serious actions! Take a look at the many different factors that might lead to hearing problems in a person. It might help you to take the RIGHT DECISION at the RIGHT TIME!
This document discusses the importance of early identification of hearing loss in infants. It notes that hearing loss is the most common birth defect, affecting 3 in 1000 babies, but is often not diagnosed until age 3 on average. However, studies have shown that children identified with hearing loss before 6 months who receive early intervention demonstrate better language and social skills development compared to later diagnosed children. The document advocates for universal newborn hearing screening to screen all babies before 1 month of age and diagnose hearing loss by 3 months so that appropriate intervention can begin by 6 months of age.
This document discusses inclusion and interventions for autistic students. It begins by characterizing autism spectrum disorder and discussing its causes, which include both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors like identical twins sharing traits and higher risk for siblings are noted. Environmental factors like prenatal conditions are also studied. Signs and symptoms in social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors are outlined. The diagnosis process and early intervention programs incorporating applied behavior analysis therapy are described. Common therapies include speech, occupational, physical and medical therapies to help autistic individuals develop skills.
This document provides an overview of assessment and management of deafness in children and adults. It discusses types of hearing impairment, common causes including genetic factors and infections, methods of evaluation such as audiometry, and interventions including surgery, hearing aids, cochlear implants and education supports. Protecting hearing through preventing infections and excessive noise exposure is also covered.
The document discusses hearing loss and deafness. It describes the parts of the ear involved in hearing and classifies deafness into three types: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Numerous causes of each type are provided ranging from ear wax to old age. Treatments depend on the type and include hearing aids, surgery, cochlear implants, and speech therapy. Communication strategies and accommodations for people with hearing loss are also outlined.
Interpersonal Communication Deaf Culture PresentationKaylee Teixeira
1) The document discusses the pathological and cultural views of deafness and how most deaf people do not want to be "fixed" with cochlear implants.
2) It provides a history of deaf education in America from Martha's Vineyard to residential schools and the development of Deaf culture and American Sign Language.
3) Oppression of the deaf community included the banning of sign language, eugenics efforts, and restrictions on driving and marriage that continued into the 20th century.
4) The document outlines important aspects of Deaf culture and community including clubs, sports, technology, resistance movements, and prominent Deaf figures.
Hearing Parents Deaf Children RelationshipJoy Cristal
This is a presentation done on September 11, 2009 at the CAP College,(Makati) for the Deaf where more than 60 parents of college-age Deaf students attended
The document provides an overview of understanding hearing impairment. It defines hearing impairment and discusses causes, classifications, and characteristics. It also describes rehabilitation programs including assessment, educational options, and communication methods like sign language. Visual gestural communication methods like sign language, finger spelling, and simultaneous communication methods are explained. Tips for communicating with those who have hearing impairments are provided.
Hearing loss can have many meanings and definitions. It refers to an inability to hear sounds within a typical range without assistance. Hearing loss is measured by intensity and frequency of sounds a person can hear. There are different types of hearing loss including conductive, sensory, and mixed. Degrees range from mild to profound. Causes include ear infections, genetic conditions, aging, and loud noise exposure. Hearing loss impacts language development and academic performance in children. While many with hearing loss can speak, sign language is the primary language for some. Technologies like hearing aids and cochlear implants can help but do not restore normal hearing. Communication methods include lip reading, sign language, and assistive devices.
This document discusses stuttering, including its definition, incidence and prevalence, differential diagnosis from normal non-fluency, onset and development patterns. It notes that stuttering typically begins between ages 2-5 and outlines guidelines for differentiating normal dysfluencies from abnormal ones associated with stuttering. The need for early identification and treatment of stuttering is also mentioned.
Value of early intervention for hearing impairment on speech and language aqu...Dr.Ebtessam Nada
The document discusses the critical period for language acquisition in deaf children and the effects of early intervention. It summarizes a study that assessed language and speech outcomes in 58 deaf children who received hearing aids or cochlear implants at different ages. The study found that children who were amplified before 6 months of age achieved significantly higher language scores than those amplified between 6-12 months or 12-24 months. Children who received cochlear implants after 12-24 months showed better outcomes than those receiving hearing aids only, indicating electrical stimulation can still support language acquisition past the critical period. The document concludes early detection before 6 months is best for language outcomes, and cochlear implants may provide benefits even after 24 months.
Hearing loss ranges in severity from mild to profound and affects 360 million people worldwide. There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Conductive hearing loss is when sound cannot be conducted through the outer ear to the eardrum. Sensorineural hearing loss is damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve pathway. Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural. Signs of hearing loss in children include frequent ear infections, delayed language development, and difficulty locating or identifying sounds. Treatment options depend on the severity and include hearing aids, cochlear implants, and osseointegrated devices.
The document provides an overview of definitions, causes, challenges, and educational approaches related to deafness and hearing loss. It defines deaf and hard of hearing according to IDEA and discusses the debate around oral vs. manual communication methods. The document also summarizes prevalence data, the importance of early identification, challenges associated with hearing loss, and strategies for teaching students with hearing impairments.
Climatic Design of Vernacular Homes in Kenya to Meet Requirements of Modern L...paperpublications3
This document discusses the climatic design of traditional homes in Kenya and how their design principles can be applied to modern homes. It begins by outlining the problem of high energy consumption in modern Kenyan homes that do not consider local climate. It then examines the traditional housing styles of the Maasai, Rendile, and Taita ethnic groups, noting design features like natural ventilation, local materials, and passive cooling. A comparison is made between traditional and modern homes, showing how traditional designs were better adapted to the climate through layout, materials, ventilation and lighting approaches. The document concludes that Kenya's architecture should embrace traditional wisdom to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy use through climatically appropriate design.
The document discusses understanding hearing impairment and provides information on several key topics:
1. Over 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss, including 32 million children. Early detection and management of hearing loss in infants is important.
2. Hearing loss can be classified based on age of onset, language development impact, location of impairment in the ear, and degree of loss. Causes include genetic factors, illness, injury, certain drugs, and age-related hearing loss.
3. Hearing impairment can impact vocabulary development, language skills, socialization, learning, and academic achievement. Deaf individuals are visual learners and develop concepts differently than those without hearing loss.
This document discusses techniques for counseling patients about hearing loss and fitting hearing aids. It emphasizes presenting an accurate portrayal of a patient's residual hearing ability by mapping their auditory area using thresholds and supra-threshold testing. This identifies the areas of permanent hearing loss and stimulates the remaining areas with hearing aids to provide realistic expectations of improved hearing without exceeding discomfort levels. The goal is for patients to understand the extent of their loss and be satisfied with the benefits of amplification.
Hearing loss | Cause of hearing loss | Symptoms | Hearingsolskyadavseo76
When you hearing less, you become a victim of hearing loss. Hearing loss you can have many reasons like an ear infection, ear damage and loudly sound.The most common categories of hearing loss are-( mild hearing loss, moderate hearing loss, severe hearing loss, profound hearing loss). https://www.hearingsol.com/help/hearing-loss/
Uploading this presentation for ACADEMIC WRITING (SWAYAM) assignment. it is about hearing problems and the data is collected from various sites, books and journals.
This document discusses Ethiopian vernacular bamboo architecture and its potential for adaptation in modern urban housing. It provides details on bamboo resources in Ethiopia, traditional Sidama housing construction processes and materials, and socio-cultural and environmental aspects of vernacular architecture. While vernacular architecture is adapted to the local climate and uses sustainable resources, challenges to its wider adoption include a lack of bamboo recognition in building codes, limited markets and awareness, and disconnect between stakeholders. Adapting vernacular approaches could help reduce the construction industry's environmental footprint.
You might have many questions running in your mind about what are the possible causes of hearing loss, and when is the right time to take serious actions! Take a look at the many different factors that might lead to hearing problems in a person. It might help you to take the RIGHT DECISION at the RIGHT TIME!
This document discusses the importance of early identification of hearing loss in infants. It notes that hearing loss is the most common birth defect, affecting 3 in 1000 babies, but is often not diagnosed until age 3 on average. However, studies have shown that children identified with hearing loss before 6 months who receive early intervention demonstrate better language and social skills development compared to later diagnosed children. The document advocates for universal newborn hearing screening to screen all babies before 1 month of age and diagnose hearing loss by 3 months so that appropriate intervention can begin by 6 months of age.
This document discusses inclusion and interventions for autistic students. It begins by characterizing autism spectrum disorder and discussing its causes, which include both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors like identical twins sharing traits and higher risk for siblings are noted. Environmental factors like prenatal conditions are also studied. Signs and symptoms in social skills, communication, and repetitive behaviors are outlined. The diagnosis process and early intervention programs incorporating applied behavior analysis therapy are described. Common therapies include speech, occupational, physical and medical therapies to help autistic individuals develop skills.
This document provides an overview of assessment and management of deafness in children and adults. It discusses types of hearing impairment, common causes including genetic factors and infections, methods of evaluation such as audiometry, and interventions including surgery, hearing aids, cochlear implants and education supports. Protecting hearing through preventing infections and excessive noise exposure is also covered.
The document discusses hearing loss and deafness. It describes the parts of the ear involved in hearing and classifies deafness into three types: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Numerous causes of each type are provided ranging from ear wax to old age. Treatments depend on the type and include hearing aids, surgery, cochlear implants, and speech therapy. Communication strategies and accommodations for people with hearing loss are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of assessment and management of deafness in children and adults. It discusses types of hearing impairment, common causes including genetic factors and infections, methods of evaluation such as audiometry, and interventions like hearing aids, cochlear implants, education supports, and protective measures to prevent deafness.
Hearing loss is one of the most common conditions among older adults, affecting 30% of those aged 65-74 and 47% of those over age 75. It can range from mild to total hearing loss and can be caused by aging, heredity, disease, loud noise, or other factors. There are two main categories of hearing loss - sensorineural, which is damage to the inner ear and permanent, and conductive, which prevents sound waves from reaching the inner ear and may sometimes be treated. Treatment options include hearing aids, which 25-29% of those over 70 wear, as well as other assistive devices and technologies like cochlear implants. Ongoing research continues to improve hearing loss prevention and
The ear consists of the external, middle, and inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea, which is spiral-shaped and divided into three fluid-filled sections. Within the cochlea lies the organ of Corti, which transforms sound waves into neural signals. These signals travel through the cochlear nerve and into the brainstem and auditory cortex for processing. Hearing impairment can result from various causes that can be identified on imaging studies, including otitis media, cholesteatoma, fractures of the petrous bone, acoustic neuromas, and more. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include surgery or use of a cochlear implant.
Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer ear canal or middle ear. Sensorineural hearing loss involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Hereditary and noise-induced hearing loss are common causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Other causes include traumatic injury, infection, ototoxic drugs, presbycusis, and idiopathic conditions. Hearing is evaluated through tests like tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and tympanometry.
EDUP3023 Child Development Topic 4.1.5 Children with Special Needs : Hearing-...Kelvin WC
This document summarizes information about hearing loss, including different types (conductive, sensorineural, mixed), common causes (ear infections, noise exposure, certain medications), effects on child development (delays in language/communication skills, social isolation), and medical treatments (hearing aids, cochlear implants, auditory-verbal therapy). It describes conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer/middle ear, while sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. Mixed hearing loss combines features of both. Early detection and treatment such as hearing aids or cochlear implants can help reduce negative impacts of hearing loss.
“Hearing Loss” that is also known as Hearing Impairment, is a problem in which a person has the inability of hearing. Dealing with any health problem can be easy if the reason for that health problem is understood at the beginning of that problem.
This document discusses hearing impairment and cochlear implants. It provides background on a 3-year-old male patient who was born with profound sensorineural hearing loss and was approved for cochlear implantation. The document covers topics like types of hearing loss, impact of hearing loss, who is a candidate for cochlear implants, how implants work, the surgery, and factors that influence success. It emphasizes that cochlear implants are effective for severe-to-profound deafness and require a multidisciplinary team approach including programming, therapy, and parental commitment post-surgery.
Zaid Hjab
The ear is the part of the body that is used for hearing. Information about the
world is acquired through hearing. Anybody that hears nothing around him, no
matter how loud the sound is should be seen as having ear problem. It is a condition
or rather an impairment which is a physical, observable condition of tissue that can
affect the function of the organ system of which that tissue is a part. Hearing
impairment is a disability that can affect the effective functioning of the total
personality no matter the period of onset. Among the earliest attempt to define
hearing impaired was the one made by the committee of Nomenclature of the
conference of Executives of American schools for the deaf (1938) which says
that the deaf are those people in whom the sense of hearing is non-functioning for
the ordinary purpose of life. According to them also, the hard-of-hearing can be
defined as those in whom the sense of hearing although defective is functional with
or without a hearing aid.
Learning Outcomes:
Students should be able to:
1) Define deafness2) State the etiology of hearing loss
3) Explain the pathophysiology of hearing loss
4) State the clinical manifestation of hearing loss
5) Explain the types of hearing loss
6) Discuss the investigations of hearing loss
7) Describe the treatment of hearing loss patient
8) Carried out nursing care plan for the patient
The document provides information about deafness/hearing loss, including:
1) It defines deafness and hearing loss, and discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2) It explains the different types of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, mixed, etc), as well as the causes, symptoms, and tests used to diagnose hearing loss.
3) It describes some common treatments for hearing loss, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, earwax removal, and assistive devices. It also discusses the nurse's role in caring for patients with hearing loss.
Deafness and hearing loss refer to the partial or total inability to hear. There are different types and degrees of hearing loss including: mild, moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss or deafness. Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, mixed, or auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. ANSD affects the pathway between the inner ear and brain so sounds are detected normally but not sent to the brain clearly. ANSD is diagnosed through tests like OAEs, ABRs, and MEMRs. Treatment involves assistive devices like FM systems and hearing aids or cochlear implants along with speech therapy.
Deafness and hearing loss refer to the partial or total inability to hear. There are different types and degrees of hearing loss including mild, moderate, severe, and profound hearing loss. Deafness is a severe condition preventing sound reception, while hearing loss reduces sound ability. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder is a hearing problem where the ear detects sound normally but has trouble sending it to the brain. It is diagnosed through tests like otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response and treated with assistive devices and therapy. Causes of hearing loss include age, noise exposure, heredity, illness, medications, and head injuries.
This document provides information about deafness (hearing loss) including:
1. It defines deafness and discusses the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
2. It covers the types (conductive, sensorineural, mixed), causes, signs and symptoms, and investigations of hearing loss.
3. It describes the treatment options for hearing loss including hearing aids, earwax removal, cochlear implants, sign language, assistive devices, and lip reading. It also discusses prevention of hearing loss.
Hearing loss
Synonyms Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness[1]
A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
Specialty Otorhinolaryngology, audiology
Complications Loneliness[2]
Types Conductive, Sensorineural, mixed[3]
Causes Genetics, aging, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins[2]
Prevention Immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications[2]
Treatment Hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants, subtitles[2]
Frequency 1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)[4]
Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.[5] A deaf person has little to no hearing.[2] Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears
What Are The Subtle Signs Of Hearing Loss In AdultsSoundak
Subtle signs of hearing loss in adults include difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds, such as children's voices or beeping appliances. Tinnitus, a ringing in the ears, can emerge, and social withdrawal due to communication challenges may occur. Increasing the volume of TVs and audio systems is common. Early detection is vital for effective management.
This document summarizes a study that examined differences in hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) results between college music majors and non-music majors. The study found that university student musicians are at high risk for noise-induced hearing loss due to repeated exposure to loud music. Previous research also found high rates of noise-induced hearing loss among student musicians. The current study aimed to further examine hearing abilities in these groups to determine if hearing conservation programs are needed on college campuses.
This document provides information to help guide people's journey to better hearing. It discusses how common hearing loss is, affecting nearly 1 in 5 Americans. The document will help readers understand hearing loss, how it occurs, and what it is like to experience. It aims to inform people about seeking help from professionals and the steps that can be taken to treat hearing loss and ensure a healthy life.
This document discusses sensory impairment, deafblindness, hearing impairment, and blindness. It defines sensory impairment as when one of the senses is no longer normal, such as needing glasses or a hearing aid. Deafblindness occurs when a person has difficulties with both seeing and hearing. Hearing impairment is classified based on decibel levels and can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Causes of hearing loss include genetic factors, infections, ear injuries, and age-related causes. Blindness can be near-sightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, astigmatism, or color blindness. Causes of blindness include congenital factors and post-birth causes such as infections, glaucoma
This document defines key terms related to hearing loss and deafness. It discusses the prevalence of hearing loss globally and in different age groups. Various types of hearing loss are defined including conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. The document also outlines risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management including medical, surgical, and nursing approaches, as well as rehabilitation strategies.
The document provides information about deafness, including:
1) It discusses the different levels of deafness from mild to profound and their decibel ranges.
2) It outlines some of the challenges deaf individuals may face educationally, such as difficulty hearing in class or pronouncing words correctly.
3) It provides tips for communicating with and helping deaf individuals, such as getting their attention appropriately, speaking in full sentences, and ensuring good eye contact when signing.
This PPT is aims to provide knowledge and understanding about the concept of Hearing impairment, Causes of Hearing Impairment, Types of Hearing Impairment, Prevention of Hearing Impairment and Prevalence of Hearing Impairment.
This document provides an overview of auditory impairment and deafness. It defines key terms, discusses the historical context of deaf education, and outlines major causes of hearing loss including genetic factors, diseases, medications, trauma, and environmental noise. Types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed are defined. The document also notes organizations that support the deaf community and resources for teachers to learn more.
Here get the information about hearing loss and the reasons of hearing loss. Know about the signs and common causes of hearing loss along with the information about hearing loss prevention.
Similar to What Is Deafness? What Is Hearing Loss? - Medical News Today (20)
What Is Deafness? What Is Hearing Loss? - Medical News Today
1. What Is Deafness? What Is Hearing Loss? - Medical News
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What Is Deafness? What Is Hearing Loss? Public / Patient:4.2 11 ratingsHealth Professionals:3.3 17
ratings Ratings require JavaScript to be enabled.Hearing impairment, deafness, or hearing loss
refers to the inability to hear things, either totally or partially. Symptoms may be mild, moderate,
severe or profound. A patient with mild hearing impairment may have problems understanding
speech, especially if there is a lot of noise around, while those with moderate deafness may need a
hearing aid. Some people are severely deaf and depend on lip-reading when communicating with
others.
People who are profoundly deaf can hear nothing at all. In the US, an estimated 36 million men and
2. women have difficulties hearing. Unfortunately, the greater part of those people, around 28 million
of them, will not seek treatment.In order to communicate spontaneously and rapidly with people,
they are totally reliant on lip-reading and/or sign language. People who are born deaf find lip-
reading much harder to learn compared to those who became hearing impaired after their had
learnt to communicate orally (with sounds).
Some diseases or circumstances can cause deafness, including:
Chicken poxCytomegalovirusMumpsMeningitisSickle cell diseaseAIDS - offspring of mothers who
had AIDS during pregnancy have a much higher risk of being deaf by the age of 16
yearsSyphilisLyme diseaseDiabetes - studies have shown that up to 40% of diabetes patients suffer
from some kind of hearing lossTuberculosis (TB), experts believe that the medication, streptomycin,
used to treat TB may be the key risk factorHypothyroidism - and underactive thyroid
glandArthritisSome cancers Second hand smoke exposure can increase hearing loss risk in
teenagersMany people globally have untreated hearing loss. It is estimated that23 million Americans
live with untreated impaired hearing.
What is the difference between hearing loss and deafness?Hearing loss refers to a diminished ability
to hear sounds like other people do, while deafness refers to the inability to understand speech
through hearing even when sound is amplified. Profound deafness means the person cannot hear
anything at all; they are unable to detect sound, even at the highest volume possible.
Degree of hearing impairment - a person's severity of hearing impairment is categorized by how
much louder than "usual levels" sound volumes need to be set at before they can detect a sound.
Degree of deafness - any degree of deafness means the person cannot understand speech through
hearing at any level of amplification. If a person is profoundly deaf, they cannot detect sounds at any
volume. Some people define profoundly deaf and totally deaf in the same way, while others say
totally deaf is the end of the hearing spectrum.
According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary:
Deafness is:
"A general term for inability to hear."
Hearing impairment is:
"A reduction in the ability to perceive sound; may range from slight inability to complete deafness."
3. How do we hear things?
Sound waves enter the ear, go down the ear canal (auditory), and hit the eardrum, which vibrates.
The vibrations from the eardrum pass to the three ossicles (bones called the malleus (hammer),
incus (anvil) and stapes) in the middle ear. These occicles amplify the vibrations, which are then
picked up by small hair-like cells in the cochlea; they move as the vibrations hit them, the movement
data is sent through the auditory never to the brain. The brain processes the data, which we
interpret as sound.
Three types of hearing lossConductive hearing loss - this means that the vibrations are not passing
through from the outer ear to the inner ear, specifically the cochlea. It can be due to an excessive
build-up of earwax, glue ear, an ear infection with inflammation and fluid buildup, a perforated
eardrum, or a malfunction of the ossicles (bones in the middle ear). Also, the eardrum may be
defective.
Ear infections can leave scar tissue which damages the functioning of the ear drum.
The ossicles may be impaired due to infection, trauma, or their fusing together (ankylosis).
Sensorineural hearing loss - hearing loss is caused by dysfunction of the inner ear, the cochlea,
auditory nerve, or brain damage. Usually, this kind of hearing loss is due to damage of the hair cells
in the cochlea. As humans get older, the hair cells lose some of their function, and our hearing gets
worse. In Western Europe and North America it is estimated that over half of all people over 70
years of age have hearing impairment caused by degenerated hair cells in the cochlea.
Long-term exposure to loud noises, especially high frequency sounds, is another common reason for
hair cell damage. Damaged hair cells cannot be replaced. Currently, research is looking into using
stem cells to grow new ones.
Sensorineural total deafness may be due to birth defects, inner ear infections, or head trauma. If the
ear drum and middle ear are functioning properly, patients may benefit from a cochlear implant - a
thin electrode is inserted in the cochlea, it stimulates electricity through a tiny microprocessor
which is placed under behind the ear, under the skin.
Mixed hearing loss - this is a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Long-term
4. ear infections can damage both the ear drum as well as the ossicles. Sometimes, surgical
intervention may restore hearing, but it does not always work.
What is prelingual deafness?Prelingual deafness refers to the inability to hear properly or at all
before the patient learnt how to utter or understand speech. In such casesthe individual was born
with a congenital condition or lost their hearing very early in life, during infancy. People with
prelingual deafness have never acquired speech with sound.
In the majority of cases, people with prelingual deafness have hearing parents and siblings, and
were born into families who did not know sign language. Consequently, they also tend to have slow
language development. The very few who were born into signing families tend not to have delays in
language development.
If cochlear implants are placed in prelingual deaf children before they are four years old, they will
usually acquire oral language successfully.
Oral language and the ability to use social cues are very closely interrelated. That is why children
with hearing loss, especially those with severe symptoms, may not only experience delayed language
development, but their social development will take longer too. Consequently, prelingual deaf
children can become socially isolated, unless they attend a school with other prelingual deaf children
which has a well run special needs department.
Children who identify with a "Deaf sub-culture", or those who learnt how to use sign language, may
not feel isolated. However, some kids might if their parents have not learnt sign language.
A prelingual deaf child whose parents and other family members encourage them to the learn social
skills acquired and used by hearing children are less likely to experience social isolation.
There are cases of profoundly deaf children who find themselves in no-man's land. They are on the
outer fringes of their hearing peers' social circles, while at the same time are not fully accepted by
totally deaf peers because they are not fluent in sign language.
What is post-lingual deafness?Most people with some kind of hearing loss have post-lingual
deafness. They had acquired spoken language before their hearing was diminished. Losing their
sense of hearing may have been caused by a medication side-effect, trauma, infection, or a disease.
In most cases, the person lost their hearing gradually; household members, friends and teachers
may have noticed something was wrong before they themselves acknowledged the disability.
Depending on the severity of hearing loss, the patient may have had to use hearing aids, had a
cochlear implant inserted, or learnt how to lip-read.
People who experience hearing loss face different challenges, depending on when it occurred and
how long it took to develop. They have to become familiar with new equipment, perhaps undergo
surgery, learn sign language and lip reading, and use various communication devices. A feeling of
isolation is a common problem, which can sometimes lead to depression and loneliness; add to that
the process of coming to terms with a disability. It is also a challenge for household members, loved
ones and close friends, who have to adapt to the person's hearing loss.
Miscommunication can place a strain on relationships, a strain not only for the person with the
hearing impairment, but also people around them. If the hearing loss is gradual and has not yet been
diagnosed, family members may mistakenly believe that the patient is becoming more distant.
What is unilateral and bilateral deafness?Unilateral deafness (single-sided deafness or SDD) refers
to just one ear, while bilateral means a hearing impairment in both.
5. People with unilateral hearing impairment may find it hard to carry on a conversation if the other
person is on their "deaf" side. Pinpointing where a sound is coming from may be more difficult,
compared to those who can hear well with both ears. Understanding what others are saying when
there is a lot of noise about may be hard.
When there is no background noise, or very little, a person with unilateral deafness has virtually the
same aural communicative abilities as somebody with normal hearing in both ears.
Babies born with unilateral deafness tend to have speech developmental delays. They may find it
harder to concentrate when they go to school. Social activities may be more challenging than it is for
children with no hearing problems.
What are the signs and symptoms of hearing impairment?A symptom is something only the patient
can feel, and describes to a doctor, nurse or somebody else, such as a pain, dizziness, ringing in the
ears, or fatigue. A sign is something the doctor, nurse or somebody else might detect, apart from the
sufferer, examples include a rash, swelling, bleeding, or bruising.
The symptoms associated with hearing impairment depend on its cause; some people are born
without being able to hear, others suddenly become deaf due to an accident or illness. A buildup of
earwax can cause sudden hearing loss.. We all lose a certain amount of hearing during late-middle
and old age. In most cases, deafness symptoms progress gradually over time.
Some conditions may have hearing loss as one of a number of symptoms, such as tinnitus or stroke.
Hearing impairment in babies -the following signs may indicate a hearing problem (but not always):
Before the age of four months, the baby does not turn his/her head towards a noise
By the age of 12 months, the baby still does not utter a single word
The baby does not appear to be startled by a loud noise
The baby responds to you when he/she can see you, but much less so (or not at all) when you are out
of sight and call out their name
The baby seems to be aware of some sounds onlyHearing impairment in toddlers and childrenThe
child is behind the others of his/her age in oral communication
The child keeps saying "What?" or "Pardon?"
The child talks in a very loud voice, and tends to produce louder-than-normal noises
When the child speaks, his/her utterances are not clear
There are four levels of deafness (possibly 5 in some countries), they are:Mild deafness or mild
hearing impairment- the patient can only detect sounds from between 25 to 29 decibels (dB). They
may find it hard to understand everything other people are saying, especially if there is a lot of
background noise.
Moderate deafness or moderate hearing impairment - the patient can only detect sounds
frombetween 40dB and 69dB. Following a conversation just from hearing is very difficult without
using a hearing aid.
Severe deafness - the person only hears sounds above 70db to 89dB. A severely deaf person must
either lip-read or use sign language in order to communicate, even if they have a hearing aid.
Profound deafness - anybody who cannot hear a sound below 90dB is profoundly deaf; some
profoundly deaf people cannot hear anything at all, at any level of decibels. Communication is done
with sign language and/or lip-reading.Obviously, if the hearing impaired deaf person can read and
write, they may also communicate by reading and writing.
How is deafness diagnosed?Patients who suspect something is wrong with their hearing will usually
go and see their GP (general practitioner, primary care physician) initially. The doctor will talk to the
patient and ask several questions regarding the symptoms, when they started, whether or not they
have gotten worse,whether there is any pain, etc.
6. A physical examination - the doctor will look into the patient's ear using an otoscope (auriscope); an
instrument with a light at the end. The following may be detected during the examination:
A blockage caused by a foreign objectA collapsed ear drumAn accumulation of earwaxAn infection in
the ear canalAn infection in the middle ear (if the ear drum bulges)Cholesteatoma - skin growth
behind the eardrum, in the middle earFluid in the ear canalThere is a hole in the ear drum
(perforated ear drum)Doctors may ask questions regarding the patients hearing, which will probably
be similar to the ones below:Do you often find yourself asking people to repeat what they said?
Do you find it hard to understand people on the telephone?
Does the doorbell ring and you did not hear it? If so, does this happen frequently?
When you chat to people face-to-face, do you have to focus carefully?
Has anybody ever mentioned to you that you might have a problem with your hearing?
Do you find more people mumble today than they used to?
When you hear a sound, do you often find it hard to determine where it is coming from
When several people are talking, do you find it hard to understand what one of them is telling you?
Are you often told that the TV, radio or any sound-producing device is too loud?
Do you find the speech of men easier to understand than women's or children's?
Are you in a noisy environment for a good proportion of each day?
Have you often found yourself misunderstanding what other people say to you?
Do you hear rushing, hissing or ringing sounds?
Do you avoid group conversations?Anybody who answers "yes" to most of the above questions should
see their doctor and have their hearing checked.
General Screening test - the GP may ask the patient to cover one ear and describe how well they
hear words uttered at different volumes, as well as checking sensitivity to other sounds.
If your primary care physician suspects the patient has a hearing problem, they will probably be
referred to a specialist, either an ENT (ear, nose and throat) specialist (otolaryngologist) or an
audiologist.
Further tests will be carried out, including:
A tuning fork test, also known as The Rinne test. This test may have been done by the GP. A tuning
fork is a metal instrument with two prongs that produces a sound when it is truck. Simple tuning
fork tests may help the doctor detect whether there is any hearing loss, and where the problem is.
A tuning fork is vibrated (512 Hz) and placed against the mastoid bone. The patient is asked to
indicate when he/she no longer hears any sound. The fork, which is still vibrating is then place 1 to 2
cm from the auditory canal; the patient is asked whether he/she can hear the fork. As air conduction
is greater than bone conduction, the patient should say "yes". If they say "no" at this point, it means
that their bone conduction is superior to their air conduction, meaning there is a problem with sound
waves getting to the cochlea via the ear canal.
7. A Rinnie test uses a tuning fork to determine where the hearing problem is located
Audiometer tests - the patient wears earphones, sounds are directed into each ear at a time. A range
of sounds at various tones are presented to the patient who has to signal each time a sound is heard.
Each tone is presented at various volumes so that the audiologist can determine at which point the
sound at that tone is no longer detected. The same is done with words, the audiologists presents
words at various tones and decibel levels.
Bone oscillator test - used to find out how well vibrations are passed through the ossicles, the three
bones in the inner ear. A bone oscillator is placed against the mastoid (bone behind the year). The
aim is ultimately to see how well the auditory nerve is working.Routine screening of children - the
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children have their hearing tests when they start
school, then at 6, 8, and 10 years of age, at least once when they are in middle school and once
during high school.
Testing newborns - he Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) test involves inserting a small probe into the
outer year; it is usually done while the baby is asleep. The probe emits sounds and checks for "echo"
sounds bouncing back from the ear (otoacoustic emission).
A saliva test can detect the presence of CMV (cytomegalovirus) infection in babies. CMV can cause
hearing loss in infants.
If there is no echo the baby might not necessarily have a hearing problem, but doctors will need to
carry out further tests to make sure and to find out why. In the United Kingdom, health authorities
say approximately 1 in every 8 tested infants requires further testing, and between 1 and 2 infants in
every 1,000 are born with hearing loss in either one or both ears.
What are the treatment options for people with a hearing impairment?There is help for patients with
all types of hearing loss. Treatment depends on why the deafness exists and how severe it is.
Sensorineural hearing loss is incurable. When the hair cells in the cochlea are damaged, they cannot
be repaired. However, various treatments and strategies can help improve the patient's quality of
life.
Scientists from the University of California, San Francisco, reported in July 2012 that congenital
hearing loss can be reversed in a mouse model. They hope their research will eventual lead to gene
8. therapy for humans.
Hearing aids - these are devices that help in hearing. There are several types of hearing aids; they
come in a range of sizes, circuitries and levels of power. They do not cure deafness, but amplify the
sound that enters the ear so that the listener can hear things more clearly.
Hearing aids consist of a battery, loudspeaker, amplifier and microphone. Today they are very small,
discreet and can be fitted inside the ear. Many of the modern ones can distinguish background noise
from foreground sounds, such as speech.
For a person with profound deafness, a hearing aid is not suitable.
The audiologist takes an impression of the patient's ear to make sure the device fits well. It will be
adjusted to the patients auditory requirements.
Five common types of hearing aids
Examples of hearing aids include:
Behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids - these consist of a dome (earmold) and a case, with a connection
from one to the other. The case is behind the pinna (outer ear, the part that sticks out); the
connection to the dome comes down the front of the ear. The sound from the device is routed to the
ear either electrically or acoustically.
BTE hearing aids tend to last longer than other devices because the electrical components are
located outside the ear (less moisture and earwax damage).These devices are more popular with
children who need a sturdy and easy-to-use device.
9. In-the-canal (ITC) hearing aids - these fill the outer part of the ear canal and can be seen, but only
just.Soft ear inserts, usually made of silicone, are used to position the loudspeaker inside the ear.
These devices fit most patients straight away, and have better sound quality.
Completely-in-the canal (CIC) hearing aids - these are tiny devices, but are not recommended for
people with severe hearing loss.
Bone conduction hearing aids - for patients with conductive hearing loss, as well as those unable to
wear conventional type hearing aids. The vibrating part of the device is held against the mastoid
with a headband. The vibrations go through the mastoid bone, to the cochlea. These devices can be
painful or uncomfortable if worn for too long.Cochlear implants - inserted to help patients whose
hearing impairment is caused by hair cell damage in the cochlea. The implants usually help most
people understand speech better. The latest cochlear implants have new technology which helps
patients enjoy music, understand speech better even with background noise about, and use their
processors while they are swimming.
The external parts of a left-ear cochlear implant (internal part below)
According to the National Institutes of Health, about 42,600 adults and 28,400 children had cochlear
implants in the USA in 2010. The World Health Organization says approximately 219,000 people
globally are recipients, most of them in industrial countries.A cochlear implant consists of:
External:
- A microphone that gathers sound from the environment (may be more than one)
- A speech processor which prioritizes sounds that matter more to the patient, such as speech. The
electrical sound signals are split into channels and sent through a very thin wire to the transmitter
- A transmitter. This is a coil which is secured with a magnet. It is located behind the outer hear. It
transmits the processed sound signals to the internal implanted device
Internal:
- A surgeon secures a receiver and stimulator in the bone beneath the skin. The signals are
converted into electric impulses and sent through internal wires to the electrodes
- Up to 22 electrodes are wound through the cochlea. The impulses are sent to the nerves in the
scala tympani, and then directly to the brain. The number of electrodes depends on which company
makes the implant.
10. The internal part of the cochlear implant
Children will usually have cochlear implants in both ears, while adults tend to have one in just one
ear.
Sign language and lip-readingSome people with hearing impairment may have speech problems, as
well as difficulties in understanding what other people say. A high percentage of people with hearing
impairment can learn other ways of communicating. Lip reading and sign language can replace or
complement oral communication.
Lip reading (lipreading) - also known as speechreading is a method for understanding spoken
language by watching the speakers lip, facial and tongue movements, as well as extrapolating from
the data provided by the context and any residual hearing the patient might have.
People who became hearing impaired after they learnt to speak can pick up lip reading rapidly; this
is not the case for those who are born hearing-impaired.
Sign language - this is a language that uses signs made with the hands, facial expressions and body
postures, but no sounds - it is used mainly by those who are deaf. There are several different types of
sign languages. British sign language is much more different from American sign language than
British and American spoken English. British sign language uses a two-handed alphabet, unlike
American sign language.
Some countries use the sign language introduced by missionaries from faraway - Norwegian sign
language is used in Madagascar.
Sign language is completely different from the spoken form, word order (syntax) and grammar in
British sign language is not the same as it is in spoken English. American sign language is more
grammatically similar to spoken Japanese than spoken English.
Can hearing impairment be prevented?There is nothing we can do to prevent congenital deafness
(when you are born with the condition), or hearing impairments due to illnesses or accidents.
However, some measures can be taken to reduce the risk of losing some of your sense of hearing.
The structures in our ears can be damaged in several different ways. Long term exposure to very
loud noise - above 85dB can eventually cause hearing loss. A typical lawn mower emits about 85dB.
The following measures may help protect your hearing:
TV, radio, music players and toys - do not set the volume too high. Children especially are very
sensitive to the damaging effects of loud music. Researchers found thatnoisy toys put children's
hearing at risk.
Headphones - focus on isolating what you want to hear; block out all outside noise as much as
possible, instead of drowning it out with high volume.
The workplace - if you work in a noisy environment, wear ear plugs or ear muffs. Even in discos,
11. nightclubs, and pubs - ear plugs are discreet and hardly noticeable.
Leisure venues - if you go to pop concerts, motor racing, drag racing and other noisy events, wear
ear plugs.
Cotton swabs (UK cotton buds) - do not prod them into your or your children's ears. The same
applies for cotton or tissues. Written by Christian Nordqvist