This document compares and contrasts the hierarchical data model and network data model. The hierarchical data model represents data in a tree-like structure and allows one-to-many relationships but not many-to-many. It is simpler but not suitable for representing many-to-many relationships. The network data model uses pointers to represent one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships, making it more complex but able to represent all relationship types. The hierarchical data model has issues with insertion, updating, and deletion operations since changes to a parent record can affect child records, but the network data model does not have these anomalies. Retrieval operations are also more complex in the