Understand the 5 core messages of Agenda 2030 and the 17 goals of sustainable development

1. www.circularcreatives.eu
What is Circular Economy?
MODULE 1
This work is licensed under a Creative Comm4.0 International
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

2. 01
Module
Presentations
Content
PREFACE
UNIT 1
Overview of the Circular Economy
03 UNIT 2
Circular Economy Principles
What is Circular
Economy?
02
The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not
constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors,
and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the
information contained therein
03
07
40

3. Preface
01

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The module is composed of 2 units:
UNIT 1: Overview of the Circular Economy
• Circular economy and the Agenda 2030 for
Sustainable Development
• FIVE reasons to think about circular economy
• What is the circular economy?
• From the linear economy to the circular economy
UNIT 2: Circular Economy Principles
• NINE principles of circular economy
• Circular economy for creative entrepreneurs
• EU Action plan
What is circular economy?:
Module Content
4

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5
Learning
Objectives
UNIT 1
• Understand the 5 core messages of Agenda 2030
and the 17 goals of sustainable development
• Know the 5 main reasons circular business models
should be considered by entrepreneurs
• How to transition from a linear economy to a
circular economy
UNIT 2
• Understand the NINE principles of circular
economy
• Know the benefits of a circular economy for
circular creatives
• Know the EU action plan for transition towards a
circular economy

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6
Learning
Outcomes
UNIT 1
Will have a better awareness and understanding the
need for circular economy goals/objectives, the role of
the SDGs, how to create their own business model
based on circular economy principles and understand
how/why to transition from the linear to circular
economy.
UNIT 2
Will have an increased understanding benefits of
circular economy for the creative industry, and be
motivated and know how to implement circular
economy principles into their own
businesses/organisations.

7. Unit 1 Overview of the
Circular Economy
02

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1.1 Circular economy
and the Agenda 2030
for sustainable
development
8

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Click to
WATCH
9
Let’s have a quick 3-minute video introduction
on how “Re-Thinking Progress” explores how
through a change in perspective we can redesign
the way our economy works - designing
products that can be 'made to be made again'
and powering the system with renewable
energy. It questions whether with creativity and
innovation, we can build a restorative economy.
Circular Economy and How
Society Can Re-think Progress

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• Climate change, population growth and
unsustainable lifestyles: To meet global
challenges like these, new approaches
are needed, including from the CREATIVE
COMMUNITY.
• Consumption and production must move
away from the idea of one-time use -
because waste is not a sustainable
approach. With rise in population,
consumption of resources are also
increasing. Raw materials are becoming
scarcer, and the amount of waste is
increasing.
• The UN estimates that the annual global
consumption of resources will double by
2060 and that greenhouse gas emissions
will continue to rise dramatically. At the
same time, the World Bank estimates
that global annual municipal waste will
have increased by 70 PERCENT BY 2050!
Why there is a need for circular
economy now?
10

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Produce, consume, discard - this form
of economic activity exhibits a
unilateral trajectory. The traditional
linear economy is not compatible with
the current global challenges and does
not do justice to the efforts to
preserve our planet.
EVERYBODY IS ASKED!
11
Time for change!

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Society and the economy must find a responsible way
of using our limited resources and make the cycle the
new guiding principle: using products long and
repeatedly. Avoid waste. Understanding and using
discarded products as a resource instead - along the
entire value chain. And in addition, develop other
sustainable sources of raw materials such as biomass
and, more recently, even CO₂. All in all, it is important
for companies to design cycles efficiently and with
renewable energy and to make a genuine circular
economy possible.
But how can we change?
12
What can our
contribution be to
climate protection,
fair standards in the
world of work and to
combating hunger
and poverty?

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Introducing the “Agenda 2023
for Sustainable Development”

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• As part of the AGENDA 2030 FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, the
United Nations agreed on the
objectives for sustainable
development in 2015. Each of the 17
GOALS with their 169 targets
addresses a global challenge.
• This was adopted at the United
Nations Summit in New York on 25
September 2015. Agenda 2030 is a
"global treaty on the future". With
this treaty, states commit themselves
to ensure that all people can live in
dignity by 2030. To achieve this goal,
we, in Germany must also change our
lifestyle and daily practices.

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Agenda
2030 lists
FIVE CORE
MESSAGES,
which
precede the
17 goals as
principles
for action:
The objectives take all three dimensions of sustainability -
social, environmental and economic - equally into account and
apply to all countries in the world: industrialised, emerging
and developing countries. They make it clear to share
responsibility for the world.
1 2 3 4 5
FOCUSING
ON HUMAN
DIGNITY
PROTECTING
THE
PLANET
PROMOTING
PROSPERITY
FOR ALL
PROMOTING
PEACE
BUILDING
GLOBAL
PARTNER-
SHIPS
15

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Watch the video on the 17 GOALS OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
[#17Goals]
Activity 1
Introduction to the SDGs
16
Click to
WATCH

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GOAL 12: SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
AND PRODUCTION
In the industrialised countries and the
upper and middle classes in many
emerging countries the ecological limits are
stretched.
This call for changes in economy and
lifestyle that respects which should be
accompanied by changes in production
techniques and consumption habits.
This requires internationally applicable
rules for occupational safety, health and
environmental protection.
A closer look at two sustainability
goals….
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GOAL 12: CLIMATE PROTECTION
MEASURES
Water scarcity, drought, hurricanes and
floods are just some of the consequences
of global climate change.
Around 20 million people are forced to
leave their homes because of climate-
related events. Climate change are not
limited to national borders, individual
policy areas, economic sectors or social
groups. International efforts to mitigate
climate change must also take into account
the interactions between these areas.
A closer look at two sustainability
goals….
18

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19
Click to
WATCH
To get a quick overview of the progress of each
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and its
sub-indicators, please click on the images in the
wheel below.
Activity 2
Get to know the SDGs!

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1.2 FIVE reasons to
think about
circular economy
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• Our planet has finite resources, and 3 PLANETS would be
needed to satisfy the needs of an estimated population of
9.7 BILLION PEOPLE BY 2050. The current linear economy
system based on unlimited exponential growth and a take-
make-dispose model is not sustainable and cannot
guarantee the survival of businesses whose supply comes
from non-renewable resources.
For context…
21

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• It is in this context where the Circular Economy appears as
a way of decoupling growth from resource constraints, in
other words, an economy that optimizes the resources use
and generates zero or minimal waste and whatever waste
it generates can be used as an input for another business.
22

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Circular Economy not just implies a more efficient use
of resources but also a wide range of opportunities for
entrepreneurship. Latest studies predict that 3 million
jobs could be created in the EU by 2030. Forecasts are
so attractive that both, the public and the private
sectors are firmly betting for this model. As proof of
this, the European Commission has allocated EUR 6
billion to support the Action Plan for a Circular
Economy, as well as the big corporations, are
developing their circular economy strategies.
In this transition towards a Circular Economy,
entrepreneurship is a key driving force, in the following
slides these are the FIVE MAIN REASONS why
Entrepreneurs should consider circular business
models.
23

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Many are the indicators that point towards a
greener future: The growing trend of the
environmental economy (Figure); the
sustainable construction sector, which expects
to duplicate the number of certificated housed
by 2018; the electric vehicles market, with an
11% growth rate by 2022; or the organic food
market, which increased by 7.6% last 2013 in the
EU, etc.
№ 1.
Growing Trend

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• In the same direction, the consumers’ concern about minimizing their
consumption’s footprint is steadily growing. A study from the EC
revealed that 77% of European consumers are willing to pay higher
prices for environmentally friendly products or services. A trend has
also reached public administrations. They are also gradually
implementing criteria for environmentally friendly public procurement,
digitising work areas and thus leading, for example, to less paper
consumption.
• Although all these are good news, the green economy has a limited
capacity to solve many of the social challenges our society is facing. It’s
necessary to go one step beyond and to aspire not just to a greener
future, but also a circular one.
№ 1.
Growing Trend
25

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By taking a circular approach, businesses from
different industries can save up to an average
of 40% in material costs just recovering and
reusing spent materials and products,
achieving a final price up to 30% cheaper. For
example, a refurbished washing machine could
have a material cost reduction of up to 60%
and a mobile phone up to 50%.
№ 2.
Cost Savings

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• The Circular Economy creates many
opportunities in the areas of Eco-design,
waste revalorization, upgrading, recycling etc.
but, even when the main purpose of this
approach is closing the loop, not all the
entrepreneurship possibilities are limited to
the product/resource life cycle.
№ 3.
New Niche Markets

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• Some other circular business chances
include those, which aims at a lower
dependence on resources or minimizing
the contaminant emissions. This includes
renewable energies or energy efficiency,
as well as the services economy like
product renting or repair & maintenance
services (Fairphone), collaborative
economy (BlaBlaCar), marketplace
platforms for second-hand items or sub-
products, selling and buy-back models
etc.

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Against the job quality loss that is affecting the
European Union, Circular Economy promises
high-quality and long-lasting jobs that improve
conditions for workers in groups where short-
term, unstable contracts are increasing,
especially among the young population. A
study about circular economy employment in
4 of Europe’s major manufacturing economies
found that circular economy workers are less
likely to be underemployed with higher job
satisfaction and longer tenure (> 20 years).
№ 4.
A Higher Quality Economy

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The adoption of a circular economy will offer
respite to our planet. Experts state that apart
from waste reduction and dependence on
energy and natural resources, this model could
bring a 70% reduction in carbon emissions by
2030, contributing thus to achieving The Paris
Agreement goals.
№ 5.
New Niche Markets

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1.3 What is the
Circular Economy?
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Circular economy stands for an economic
system aimed at maximising the
reusability of products, parts and
resources. It is an economic model based
on eliminating waste and making the
economy more sustainable. The model is
an alternative to linear economy, which
focuses merely on the take, make,
consume and dispose of the method.
Circular systems employ reuse, sharing,
repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing
and recycling to create a closed-loop
system, minimising the use of resource
inputs and the creation of waste,
pollution and carbon emissions.
What is the circular economy?
32

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Circularity is not just
recycling!
33
• “Recently I heard that a large and well-
known Dutch enterprise demanded the
replacement of the word ‘sustainable’
with the word ‘circular’ in one of their
reports. That is worrying: people think
that recycling is the same as circularity;
while it is the very last thing that you can
also do with your materials.
• The key is to consider the value of a
material, the energy you put in – you
ought to harvest that as well.”
Sabine Oberhuber, Co-founder Turntoo.
(Brouwer, 2017)

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WHAT IS YOUR CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPING AN
ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PUBLIC PROCUREMENT?
Workout, based on the 17 goals, what you can do to reduce waste!
A. Make a list of what you use every day.
B. Make analyses of how you use it.
C. Conclude the future.
D. Develop a business idea to reduce waste, based on your analyses.
Use table in next slide….
Activity 1
34

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Activity 1
Table
35
Used material
How do you use it?
(daily,weekly,monthly)
What do you make after
using it?
Conclusion for the
future
Food
Technical equipment
(Handy, laptop, …)
Living area (flat,
furniture, …)
Mode of transport (car,
bicycles, ...)
Clothes

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Further Study Material Recommendations
(Unit 1)
Click to
VIEW
Click to
VIEW
Click to
VIEW
Click to
VIEW
Circular Economy… it’s the way forward
Circular Economy: definition &
examples | Sustainability Environment
Circular Economy Explained Circular Economy

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1.4 From the Linear
Economy to the Circular
Economy
37

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• An economy based on ‘take-make-
dispose’ approach is called a linear
economy.
• Raw materials are collected,
transformed into products that are
used until they are finally discarded
as waste.
• Value is created in this system by
maximizing production and selling.
38
Linear Economy

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Europe is facing a dual challenge:
• First: to stimulate the growth
needed to provide jobs and well-
being to all the citizens and
• Second: to ensure that the quality
of this growth leads to a sustainable
future.
To move away from a linear economic
model to a more circular economic
model we need to change the patterns
of take-make-dispose…
Why we need to go
from Linear to Circular?

40. Unit 2 Circular
Economy Principles
03

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2.1 Circular Economy
Principles
41

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• Sustainable development cannot be realised without a
consistent circular economy. Moving away from linear
economy requires many political, economic and social
decisions.
9 Principles
of Circular
Economy
42

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• The German Environment Agency (Bundesumweltagentur) has developed principles
for politics, business and society, which systematically outlines the objectives, scope,
maxims for action, requirements and success factors of a circular economy. The
NINE PRINCIPLES, listed in the following slides, are intended to help develop a
common understanding of the circular economy and create a strategic orientation
framework for its implementation.
43

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44
Circular economy is part of a resource-efficient,
sustainable way of life and management, encouraging the
implementation of the UN’s agenda 2030 for sustainable
development and respecting planetary boundaries.
Principle 1: Definition
The concept of a circular economy encompasses not only
traditional waste management but all phases of material
and product life cycles. It must be viewed from a global
perspective, including cross-border flows of raw material,
goods and waste and their associated environmental and
social effects as well as long-term aspects such as stocks
of goods and resulting material flows.
Principle 2: Scope

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45
The circular economy helps to protect natural
resources and the climate, as well as the
environment and human health, following the
precautionary principle. In addition, it aims at
securing raw material supplies. The circular
economy is meant to reduce negative impacts
along the life cycle of materials and products –
by economising on primary materials and
substituting them with secondary materials –
and of waste generation and waste
management.
Principle 3:
Objectives

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The expenditure for circular economy measures should be
compared to the expenditure of the primary raw materials
industry with associated environmental impact, including
external social and environmental costs, for producing the
same materials or materials or goods fulfilling the same
function.
Principle 4: Measuring Expenditure
The circular economy aims at managing materials in the
same or higher value cycles so that primary materials can be
replaced by secondary materials of suitable quality, thus
economising on primary materials. However, cascading use
and final disposal of materials are also required to achieve
the objectives (3) and expenditure criteria (4).
Principle 5: Material Cycles

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47
Avoiding the generation of waste and residual
materials is generally preferable to recycling,
as the latter is always associated with loss of
material and the use of energy. Preventive
measures must be evaluated in terms of
achieving the objective (3) and expenditures
(4) required.
Principle 6:
Prevention

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Designing products for a circular economy
means retaining the functional and
economic value of products, their
components and materials as long as it is
possible to minimise negative impacts on
humans and the environment. Design
concepts should sustain the
reorganisation of ways of production and
consumption within society. Optimum
design must be evaluated in terms of
achieving the objective (3) and
expenditures (4) required.
Principle 7: Design
48

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49
It must be avoided to place products on the
market that contain substances that have an
adverse effect on the public interest and, in
particular, on human health and the
environment. If such substances cannot be
substituted, are already contained in products
or are only later identified as harmful, the
substances must be destroyed or stored safely
in final sinks. Alternatively, after weighing up
the objectives (3) and expenditure (4), they
can also be transferred into safe cycles that
prevent the accumulation of harmful
substances.
Principle 8:
Pollutants

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In a circular economy, all players within
product life cycles and along material
value chains bear responsibility for
achieving the objectives of the circular
economy. Where responsibility is not
assumed otherwise, legal requirements
must be implemented.
Principle 9: Responsibility
50
Ref for 9 principles:
www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/9-principles-for-a-
circular-economy

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2.2 Circular economy, a
Natural Fit for Creatives
51

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Opportunity for Creatives?
• The exciting thing to realise is that the circular economy is not just better for the
planet but the economy too. As by-products are no longer seen as “waste” but as
VALUABLE RESOURCES that can be repurposed, and technologies increase the
efficiency of renewable energy, it will become easier to embrace this way of living.
• Transitions away from the current linear economy require CHANGING HOW WE
THINK ABOUT AND USE RESOURCES on a personal, societal and global scale. We
must challenge old assumptions and become inventive about how things are made,
out of what, for what function, by whom, and for how long will they be used
• ARTISTS, DESIGNERS AND MAKERS can aid the transition away from a linear
economy towards a more circular one because they are already thinking in this more
sustainable way. We're accustomed to using resources SPARINGLY AND
IMAGINATIVELY. And we understand materials, their potential and their limitations.

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Creatives have the Skills and Understanding!
(E.g. Fashion industry)
• What skills, services and products do we lack? The waste footprint of the textile and
fashion industry is huge, and consumers are becoming more aware of the negatives
associated with fast fashion culture. Therefore, the skills of the individual consumer to
patch, parse and style up their clothes are absolutely key to the functioning of the circular
economy in this sector, but these are skills the average consumer does not possess. In
addition, we require professional training for practical experts who know the materials
and manual skills enough. SPINNOVA is a good example of a company that is able to reuse
fibres for top products in the textile and fashion industry.
• Consumers are still mainly interested in buying good quality products, so reused/upcycled
clothing/products must be of a good quality finish. Here lies an opportunity for creatives
with those skills to teach or to start a business in this fashion/textile industry.
• On the vocational education side, those areas of education that provide information for
repairing training have been lost all the time. Do we need to have adequate training in
repair and fashion.
Ref: https://kulttuurijataide.fi/the-culture-and-arts-industry-in-creating-a-circular-economy/

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SPOTLIGHT
CASE:
Arts
organisation,
Fife
Contemporary
In their progressive programming, arts organisation FIFE
CONTEMPORARY acknowledges the role of designers, artists
and makers as part of a new exhibition, called REsolve: a
Creative Approach to the Circular Economy, at Kirkcaldy
Galleries. There are a range of practitioners who are already
actively engaged in the creative problem-solving needed to
build a sustainable future which respects the worlds finite
resources and spreads economic wealth fairly. In the next
slides we spotlight some of the “creative” involved in this
exhibition.
54
Ref:
https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/col
umnists/circular-economy-artists-creativity-
and-invention-can-help-rid-scotland-of-its-
waste-problem-and-build-a-sustainable-
future-mella-shaw-3634887

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55
• With a passion and interest in eco-conception, distilling
and brewing field, Aymeric explored the possibilities of
reusing waste from alcohol production.
• In addition to using as a supplement in animals rations,
Aymeric aspired to give this by-product another function.
• A new process was developed. After testing the process
for several years, Aymeric refined the process of turning
the spent grain and other botanicals into a stable material.
• Aymeric subsequently opened ‘DRAFF STUDIO’, a
contemporary design practice based in Dundee that
specialises in sustainable furniture, where they focus on
the fabrication of simple, contemporary designs with
particular attention to detail and material.
Draff Studio:
Designer and Fabricator

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• HELEN is fascinated by the phenomenon of nostalgia and
its bittersweet effect on the senses. Helen explores new
directions with collage and found ephemera.
• As part of a wider project called ‘FEARMAIL’, Helen
installs small collages inside window-pane envelopes.
• Helen works with homeless people in Birmingham City
with pieces of discarded paper. These envelopes often
include difficult news about a person’s health, finances,
liberty etc. Helen also collects window-pane envelopes.
• Helen uses humour in her work to make it accessible
while promoting ideas of sustainability and personal
responsibility for the environment.
Helen Grundy
“Intentional collages”: Artist

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• Chalk Plaster is a plain and decorative plastering company established by Ffion and Steven
Blench in 2016.
• CHALK PLASTER have made some new objects by reclaiming the plaster in waste
plasterboard. The plaster used to create the plasterboard core is usually produced from
natural rock gypsum, which is mined at number of sites in England.
• Since the introduction of legislation in 2009 waste gypsum can no longer be disposed off in
conventional landfill sites.
• Gypsum products are one of very few modern construction materials which have the
potential to be 100% recyclable. This material has become almost indispensable to the
modern construction industry.
• Through their project Chalk Plaster, the founders use their technical experience to explore
new possibilities of using reprocessed plasterboard gypsum in a creative context.
Chalk Plaster:
Decorative Plastering Company
CIRCULAR
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Creatives have the opportunity to use their skills and talent to start a
business in the circular economy. Here are some business plan
templates that you can use:
Activity 1: Circular Economy
Business Ideation Exercise

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2.3 EU Action Plan for
Circular Economy
59

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The move
towards a
circular
economy will
bring benefits
to EU…
• This should alleviate some of the risks related to the supply of
raw materials.
• It should boost the European economy by up to 7% of GDP.
• It should increase the competitiveness of European
businesses and create new business opportunities (re-use
sector) and bring about innovative products, technologies and
services, which can create new jobs in the EU
• This would also bring valuable benefits to the environment –
less waste, less GHG emissions and other benefits, like better
air and water and soil quality.
60

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• The EU ACTION PLAN FOR THE CIRCULAR
ECONOMY establishes a concrete and ambitious
programme of action, with measures covering
the WHOLE CYCLE: from production and
consumption to waste management and the
market for secondary raw materials and a
revised legislative proposal on waste.
• The ANNEX TO THE ACTION PLAN sets out the
timeline of when the actions will be completed.
The proposed actions will contribute to "closing
the loop" of product lifecycles through greater
recycling and re-use, and bring benefits for both
the environment and the economy.

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Legislative
Framework
on Waste…
The REVISED LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON WASTE has
entered into force in July 2018. It sets clear targets for the
reduction of waste and establishes an ambitious and credible
long-term path for waste management and recycling.
1 2 3 4 5
A common
EU target for
recycling 65%
of municipal
waste by
2035;
A common
EU target for
recycling 70%
of packaging
waste by
2030;
There are also
recycling targets for
specific packaging
materials: Paper
and cardboard: 85
%, Ferrous metals:
80 %, Aluminium:
60 %, Glass: 75
%,Plastic: 55 %,
Wood: 30 %
A binding
landfill target
to reduce
landfill to a
maximum of
10% of
municipal
waste by 2035;
Separate collection
obligations are
strengthened and
extended to
hazardous
household waste
(by end 2022), bio-
waste (by end
2023), and textiles
(by the end 2025).
62

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• The Commission released a communication called “CLOSING THE
LOOP – AN EU ACTION PLAN FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY”. This
action plan can be seen as a long-term strategy paper without the
legislative significance of its own.
• The general goal of the EU-Action Plan is to try to accelerate the
transition of the EU and the whole world towards a circular
economy, increase the global competitiveness of the EU economy,
promote sustainable economic growth and generate new jobs.
• In the strategy paper, Brussels identifies FIVE PRIORITY areas where
to specifically accelerate the transition of their value and
production chain towards a more circular process:
“Closing the Loop” EU Action Plan

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FIVE
PRIORITY
Areas
1 PLASTICS,
2 FOOD WASTE,
3 CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS,
4 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION,
5 BIOMASS AND BIO-BASED MATERIALS.

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By setting 54 MEASURES FOR ‘CLOSING THE LOOP’, this action plan
for a circular economy is “an essential contribution to the EU’s efforts
to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource-efficient and
competitive economy”. The action plan is also said to be “instrumental
in reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 […].4
Activity 1
Read the Closing the Loop Measure
Click to
READ

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Click to
WATCH
The video below explains the circular economy
action plans and the EU’s way forward!
Activity 2
Watch the Video

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Further Study Material
Recommendations (Unit 2)
Click to
READ
Click to
READ

68. www.circularcreatives.eu
Any questions?
Thank you