The document outlines the distinctions between foodborne infections and intoxications, emphasizing that infections require live bacteria and longer incubation periods while intoxications are caused by toxins which act more quickly. It describes various types of bacteria and their associated toxins, including enterotoxins and effects on the digestive system. Additional details about symptoms, immune responses, and specific bacterial strains are also provided.

1. Steven Lipton M.Ed. LEHP President Biotest Services Inc.

2. Foodborne Infection A foodborne Infection is caused by bacteria directly causing damage to the human body They must be alive and will require longer periods of time to grow to sufficient numbers to cause illness. The body will require more time to fight this type of illness

3. Foodborne Intoxication A foodborne intoxication is caused by wastes (toxins) produced by the bacteria. The bacteria does not have to be alive to cause illness. Some toxins are extremely heat stable and can not be destroyed by cooking. Toxins tend to cause illness rapidly. With a few exceptions, these will be relatively quick illnesses.

4. Vomiting: Biting off…

5. Where the Monsters Are

6. Digestive System Small intestine Mouth Esophagus Rectum Large Intestine Liver Stomach

7. Small Intestine Large Intestine Stomach Liver

8. An Excess of water and loose stools in the Lower GI which is released through the rectum

9. Water and semi-digested material in the upper GI which is relieved through the mouth by abdominal contractions. Emesis

10. Basic Microbiology

11. Bacilli Cocci Spirilli MRSA E. Coli O157:H7 Campylobacter

12. GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE Peptidoglycan Lipid Layer

13. Enterotoxins – toxins that attack the Digestive system May be either an Exotoxin or Endotoxin

14. Endotoxins – gram negative Lipopolysacchride (heat stable)

15. Salmonella -- Lysis of cell Starts an abnormal immune response

16. Exotoxins –gram positive, gram negative Protein (Heat Stable or Heat liable)

17. Exotoxin Types: Type I – acts on the cell surface Type II – membrane damaging Type III - intracellular

18. Pore forming or AB5 toxins A B B Creates unregulated pore in cell Delivers the toxin payload(A)

19. Type III Injectors Cell

20. Secretory Osmotic Inflammatory

21. Cells secrete water sugar Electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) cAMP or gAMP over activated

22. Secretory NaCl Cl- NaCl NaCl NaCl Na Cl- Cl- Cl- cAMP H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H

23. Substances not absorbed by the body attract water in the system

24. Lactose Intolerance Lactose Galactose Liver Glucose Lactase

25. H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H Lactase Present

26. H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H

27. Damage to cells, or response to cell damage Combination of types above

28. Inflammatory H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H

29. Superantigen Pore forming (MRSA)

30. Immune response 0.001-0.0001%

31. Immune response Up to 20%

32. Not Classified as Diarrhea Blood and Mucus emitted in feces Damage to cells and mucosal linings

33. Shiga Toxin (verotoxin) AB 5 toxin ‘ A’ enzyme stops protein synthesis

34. ETEC (Enterotoxin) LT & ST Infective @(10 8 ) Diarrhea w/o fever EIEC (enteroinvasive) Invasive Infective @(10 6 ) EHEC (enterohemmoragic) O157:H7 Moderately invasive (Type III injector/pedestal) Shiga toxin producing EPEC (enteropathogenic) Moderately invasive, some report of shiga toxin Infective @(10 6 ) EAEC (enteroaggregative) Watery diarrhea

35. Questions? [email_address] http://Biotestservices.com PowerPoint presentation available at http://EHblogger.blogspot.com http://shoestringsanitarian.blogspot.com