Find the easiest way to lose your weight by diet and by exercise.
There are many diet and exercise by which people have not only loses there weight but also they have find fitness and healthy life. Know more these diet and exercise by reading the ebook.
What are the Fat Burning Foods
And Exercises that Actually Work
Fat Burning Basics
The Science of Fat Burning
Fast Fat Burning Strategies
Fat Burning Foods
Potent Foods
Fat Burning Exercises
Fat Burning Workouts Exposed
Introducing Unlimited Energy - Energy Hacks for Exploding Your Energy Reserves. You will discover the topics about what in the world is unlimited energy, evaluate where you are physically, restore your metabolism, the importance of energy foods, cut down stress, get better sleep, why you have to exercise for energy, the importance of spiritual connection, changing your emotions changes energy and why being energy depleted gets you nowhere.
Weight loss is one of the most talked-about issues in history. Nowadays, it appears that everyone is attempting to lose weight. The majority of diet plans focus on weight loss, and body weight is frequently used as a gauge of fitness improvement. However, this is the wrong strategy. Your main objective should always be to lose weight, and you should focus on eliminating excess body fat. The terms "weight loss" and "fat loss" are not interchangeable. Many individuals mix up the two concepts, assuming they imply the same thing when they don't. Weight loss and fat loss are two completely separate things.
The human body is like an engine and in order to run smoothly it has
to be fuelled, and the choice of “fuel” would then dictate the way the
engine performs. Get all the info you need about healthy
nutrition here.
Energy hacks for exploding your energy reserves. In this Ebook ,you will discover the topics about what in the world brings unlimited energy,evaluate where you are physically, restore your metabolism, the importance of energy foods,less stress,get better sleep,why you have to exercise for energy,the importance of spirtual connection, changing your emotions changes energy
and being depleted energy gets you no where.
EASTER EGG - SEARCH FOR SURPRISE IN LARGE SIZE FONTS.
What are the Fat Burning Foods
And Exercises that Actually Work
Fat Burning Basics
The Science of Fat Burning
Fast Fat Burning Strategies
Fat Burning Foods
Potent Foods
Fat Burning Exercises
Fat Burning Workouts Exposed
Introducing Unlimited Energy - Energy Hacks for Exploding Your Energy Reserves. You will discover the topics about what in the world is unlimited energy, evaluate where you are physically, restore your metabolism, the importance of energy foods, cut down stress, get better sleep, why you have to exercise for energy, the importance of spiritual connection, changing your emotions changes energy and why being energy depleted gets you nowhere.
Weight loss is one of the most talked-about issues in history. Nowadays, it appears that everyone is attempting to lose weight. The majority of diet plans focus on weight loss, and body weight is frequently used as a gauge of fitness improvement. However, this is the wrong strategy. Your main objective should always be to lose weight, and you should focus on eliminating excess body fat. The terms "weight loss" and "fat loss" are not interchangeable. Many individuals mix up the two concepts, assuming they imply the same thing when they don't. Weight loss and fat loss are two completely separate things.
The human body is like an engine and in order to run smoothly it has
to be fuelled, and the choice of “fuel” would then dictate the way the
engine performs. Get all the info you need about healthy
nutrition here.
Energy hacks for exploding your energy reserves. In this Ebook ,you will discover the topics about what in the world brings unlimited energy,evaluate where you are physically, restore your metabolism, the importance of energy foods,less stress,get better sleep,why you have to exercise for energy,the importance of spirtual connection, changing your emotions changes energy
and being depleted energy gets you no where.
EASTER EGG - SEARCH FOR SURPRISE IN LARGE SIZE FONTS.
Lessons you can learn from fitness classesjaison sam
Health and fitness, these are primarily the words used to portray
people’s physiological condition. Medicine, recreation and sports are
essential aspects of the health and fitness industry, but you will find it
also overlaps into other fields like tourism, education, etc…. Get all
the info you need here.
Introducing unlimited energy-energy hacks for exploding your energy reserves. You will discover the topics about what in the world is unlimited energy, evaluate where you are physically, restore your metabolism, the importance of energy foods, cut down stress, get better sleep, why you have to exercise for energy, the importance of spiritual connection, changing your emotions changes energy and why being energy depleted gets you nowhere.
Let’s be real about it. Physical fitness may be a battle, in particular
when you’re trying to be successful at physical and mental wellness
and trying to slim down. And like all battles, to succeed you have to
discover the winning techniques and employ them.
REVITAA PRO
ALL NATURAL STREES RELIEVER
SUPPORTS WEIGHT LOSS
PROMOTES HEART HEALTH
WITH THE HELP OF THIS YOU CAN
LOSS WEIGHT AND LOSS FAT
REDUCES APPETITE
BOOSTS METABOLISM
INCREASES ENERGY
Tired of hiding your muffin top under layers of clothing? You are not alone. About one-third of American adults are overweight. Now is the time to transform your soft, flabby body into the toned, sexy physique of your dreams. Forget yo-yo diets and easy weight loss promises that leave you feeling like a fat failure
Introducing Overall Health. Inside this eBook, you will
discover the topics about the basics on physical health, the basics on
eating right, the basics on exercise, the basics on mental disorders, the
basics on stress, the basics on mental health, the basics on spiritual
health, the basics on inner peace and the benefits of maintaining
overall health.
Resolve to Lose Weight Massively Today! Inside this eBook, you will discover the topics about get healthy, be a winner, the facts about nutrition, health benefits besides weight loss to being fit. figure out when you start to burn fat and easy ways to eat healthy.
Aim for a slow, steady weight loss by decreasing calorie intake while maintaining an adequate nutrient intake and increasing physical activity. You can cut calories without eating less nutritious food. The key is to eat foods that will fill you up without eating a large amount of calories. ! See more detail below (https://tinyurl.com/wkn697yw )
Water-related bird assemblages in an urban pond ‘archipelago’: Winter pattern...Maria Paola Di Santo
This study reports on the patterns of species occurrence, abundance and richness of a wintering water-related bird assemblage in an ‘archipelago’ of 70 small artificial urban ponds (AUPs) embedded in a metropolitan landscape (Rome, central Italy). A total of 20 species in 26 AUPs were sampled. Only the largest AUPs (>0.1 ha) contained all these species, except for Gallinula chloropus. The highest total mean species abundance was observed in the largest ponds, with statistically significant differences evident among size classes. Two significant spatial thresholds in species abundance and richness were observed (between 0.01 and 0.1 ha; between 0.1 and 1 ha in size). The abundance of single species was correlated with their frequency of occurrence. Ponds in urban areas must be larger than 0.1 ha to host a rich winter assemblage of birds, with a further increase in richness noted with a surface area larger than 1 ha. The highest number of species was observed in the larger ponds (>1 ha). The species richness of each AUP is directly correlated to their size (log-transformed species–area relationship: log S = 3.515 + 0.497 log A; R2 = 0.76). Further research should be conducted to confirm these patterns and to implement information useful for planning and management of artificial ponds in urban areas for this purpose.
Lessons you can learn from fitness classesjaison sam
Health and fitness, these are primarily the words used to portray
people’s physiological condition. Medicine, recreation and sports are
essential aspects of the health and fitness industry, but you will find it
also overlaps into other fields like tourism, education, etc…. Get all
the info you need here.
Introducing unlimited energy-energy hacks for exploding your energy reserves. You will discover the topics about what in the world is unlimited energy, evaluate where you are physically, restore your metabolism, the importance of energy foods, cut down stress, get better sleep, why you have to exercise for energy, the importance of spiritual connection, changing your emotions changes energy and why being energy depleted gets you nowhere.
Let’s be real about it. Physical fitness may be a battle, in particular
when you’re trying to be successful at physical and mental wellness
and trying to slim down. And like all battles, to succeed you have to
discover the winning techniques and employ them.
REVITAA PRO
ALL NATURAL STREES RELIEVER
SUPPORTS WEIGHT LOSS
PROMOTES HEART HEALTH
WITH THE HELP OF THIS YOU CAN
LOSS WEIGHT AND LOSS FAT
REDUCES APPETITE
BOOSTS METABOLISM
INCREASES ENERGY
Tired of hiding your muffin top under layers of clothing? You are not alone. About one-third of American adults are overweight. Now is the time to transform your soft, flabby body into the toned, sexy physique of your dreams. Forget yo-yo diets and easy weight loss promises that leave you feeling like a fat failure
Introducing Overall Health. Inside this eBook, you will
discover the topics about the basics on physical health, the basics on
eating right, the basics on exercise, the basics on mental disorders, the
basics on stress, the basics on mental health, the basics on spiritual
health, the basics on inner peace and the benefits of maintaining
overall health.
Resolve to Lose Weight Massively Today! Inside this eBook, you will discover the topics about get healthy, be a winner, the facts about nutrition, health benefits besides weight loss to being fit. figure out when you start to burn fat and easy ways to eat healthy.
Aim for a slow, steady weight loss by decreasing calorie intake while maintaining an adequate nutrient intake and increasing physical activity. You can cut calories without eating less nutritious food. The key is to eat foods that will fill you up without eating a large amount of calories. ! See more detail below (https://tinyurl.com/wkn697yw )
Water-related bird assemblages in an urban pond ‘archipelago’: Winter pattern...Maria Paola Di Santo
This study reports on the patterns of species occurrence, abundance and richness of a wintering water-related bird assemblage in an ‘archipelago’ of 70 small artificial urban ponds (AUPs) embedded in a metropolitan landscape (Rome, central Italy). A total of 20 species in 26 AUPs were sampled. Only the largest AUPs (>0.1 ha) contained all these species, except for Gallinula chloropus. The highest total mean species abundance was observed in the largest ponds, with statistically significant differences evident among size classes. Two significant spatial thresholds in species abundance and richness were observed (between 0.01 and 0.1 ha; between 0.1 and 1 ha in size). The abundance of single species was correlated with their frequency of occurrence. Ponds in urban areas must be larger than 0.1 ha to host a rich winter assemblage of birds, with a further increase in richness noted with a surface area larger than 1 ha. The highest number of species was observed in the larger ponds (>1 ha). The species richness of each AUP is directly correlated to their size (log-transformed species–area relationship: log S = 3.515 + 0.497 log A; R2 = 0.76). Further research should be conducted to confirm these patterns and to implement information useful for planning and management of artificial ponds in urban areas for this purpose.
Los sistemas de ambiente de aprendizaje web han sido diseñados para que sean fácilmente accesibles, permitiendo ser usados por los administradores, coordinadores, educadores y estudiantes en cualquier momento, hora y lugar, de igual forma son de gran utilidad para la interacción entre todos los participantes de un proceso de aprendizaje específico, con el fin de que puedan expresar sus inquietudes y aportes.
Storm - Clear Channel UK's Super Premium DOOH BrandSalim Mungroo
Storm is Clear Channel UK's super premium digital out of home brand. We deliver fame on demand for our clients using fixed and flexible ownership models, intelligent use of technology and some of the best advertising sites anywhere in the world.
Salim.Mungroo@ClearChannel.co.uk
to download this presentation from this link
https://mohmmed-ink.blogspot.com/2020/12/obesity.html
obesity, causes, diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention.
Every year millions of people make a promise to lose weight, yet most of those
people struggle to keep those promises. The result is the weight stays on and more
damage is done to their health for another year.
The definition of obesity is having an excessive amount of body fat.
It is not only a cosmetic issue it is a major health issue leading to
health risks such as heart attracts, heart disease, high blood
pressure, and diabetes.
The causes of obesity is directly related to the over consumption of
calories compared to the amount of calorie burned with physical
activity.
Obesity as presented by cheruiyot sambu clinical nutritionist at kapkatet cou...cheruiyot sambu
obesity is currently a global concern. in developing countries like kenya, we have a double burden of both under-nutrition and over-nutrition. health care providers too are not spared by over-nutrition. my best advice is for everyone to see nutritionist for nutrition advice. in kapkatet hospital we are starting weight management plan for health professionals; you can join us.
A simple and easy to understand guide for GCSE students. This covers all the important features of the topic on Diet and Health so you can use this as a successful revision tool. Written by Students for Students
Weight Loss Management is one of the vital concerns of health authorities who are truly dedicate in the preservation of good and better living. They are focusing themselves in this line of work so that they can easily control and monitor the condition of every person that needs support, medications and treatments so that for these people to overcome their difficulty in their diet program. The concept of this article is to make people aware on why they have to be conscious about their weight condition and on how they can prevent illness that might occur in the near future because they just neglected their unhealthy situation.
Weight loss & you 211206 133628-convertedAmeena30
cosmetic enhancement for body sculpting, cellulite reduction. We also offer regular special offers, package deals and discounts to ensure our services are accessible to a wide range of clients. Our commitment to quality means we can offer these low prices without ever sacrificing our standards of patient care.Whole Body Weight Loss
Obesity is a medical condition in which an excessive accumulation of fat in the body leads to adverse effects on health. Life Clinic helps you to get the best medical care in maybe one of your most important journey ever. To find out if whole body weight loss could be the right option to address your concerns, contact us today at What you'll learn
Lose weight fast and gain lifelong health by detoxing, eating weight loss supllimantry products and cultivating a healthy weight loss
Weight Loss, It Maybe More Healthy Than You ThinkKAPIL JOSHI
What are you willing to do to achieve your weight loss goals? Im approached quite regularly about which diet is best, which book would I recommend and what exercise program should a person follow
The concept of this article is to make people aware on why they have to be conscious about their weight condition and on how they can prevent illness that might occur in the near future because they just neglected their unhealthy situation.
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It is a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
There are many reasons why some people have difficulty avoiding obesity. Usually, obesity results from a combination of inherited factors, combined with the environment and personal diet and exercise choices.
Nih causes of weight gain and obesity and strategies and help losing weightPrab Tumpati
NIH comprehensive report on causes of weight gain, and strategies to deal with obesity and overweight.
Please feel free to share this free, public domain information
Thank you.
W8MD Medical Weight Loss Centers
Introducing Goal Setting for Weight Management
Inside this eBook, you will discover the topics about the reason goals are important in weight loss, the reason goals are important in maintaining weight, the reason goals are important in body image, tips for setting goals for eating right, tips for setting goals for exercise, tips for setting goals for body image, how to stick to the weight loss goals you have set, how to stick to the weight maintenance goals you have set and all the good that comes out of great goal setting skills.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
Weight loss by diet and exercise
1. Weight Loss
By Diet
High Quality – Only For
Serious Reader
Presented By
MANIRAM YADAV
( December 2015)
2. DISCLAIMER
The information presented herein represents the views of the author as of the date of
publication. Because of the rate with which conditions change, the author reserves the
rights to alter and update his opinions based on the new conditions. This manual is for
informational purposes only and the author does not accept any responsibilities for any
liabilities resulting from the use of this information. While every attempt has been
made to verify the information provided here, the author and his referrals cannot assume
any responsibility for errors, inaccuracies or omissions. Any slights of people or
organizations are unintentional.
This publication is not intended for use as any source of advice such as legal, medical, or
accounting. The publisher wants to stress that the information contained herein may be
subject to varying international, federal, state, and/or local laws or regulations. The
purchaser or reader of this publication assumes responsibility for the use of these
materials and information. Adherence to all applicable laws and regulations, including
international, federal, state and local governing professional licensing, business
practices, advertising, and all other aspects of doing business in the EU, US,
Canada or any other jurisdiction is the sole responsibility of the purchaser or reader.
Neither the author nor the publisher assume any responsibility or liability whatsoever
on the behalf of the purchaser or reader of these materials. Any perceived slight of any
individual or organization is purely unintentional.
This book is for personal use only. It should serve as a reference only with no guarantee
to any personal or financial gains. Results from usage of materials described in this
book may vary. By reading this material, you agree that the author is not liable on any
consequences arising from usage of this book.
MANIRAM YADAV
( BodyCareandTreat@gmail.com )
3. INDEX
Topic Page No.
Important information from author ........ 4 - 5
Reason of Excess weight ........ 5-11
Effect of overweight on body ........ 11- 15
Treatment ........ 15 - 17
Exercise for lose weight ......... 17 - 20
Diet to lose weight ......... 20 - 22
Full treatment ......... 22-23
4. Important Information From The
Author
Hey Guys , I am writing this ebook for those people who
are really perplexed by excess weight or obesity. After
reading this ebook I am sure that you will find the solution of
your problem from given content of this ebook and also from
given referral link.But you have some limitation for using this
ebook which have been given below-
Your Rights -
I am offering following rights to use this PDF
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Before Giving any suggestion about your diet to you in this ebook
firstly I am going to tell you about many reason of overweight so
that if you found any reason in yourself you could avoid them and
be cured. Later I will also give the brief introduction of many
disease which is result of overweight then you will be able to
know the weight reducing diet and some referral link of ebooks
also by which you could know more about your diet and some
exercise . Books has been written by many medical expert and by
given method of treatment in the ebook many person has been
loses their weight and given respond to us.
Reason of excess weight
Here I am introducing the various resaon of excess weight
so that according to your problem you can know what is
the reason of excess weight in yourself. Excess weight is
6. termed as obesity also. Excess weight in any person is
produced by many reason. Each person has one or more
reason for overweight. According to their reason they need
to follow different - different way for treatment. Here is
the some of reason for excess weight -
➔ Lack of Energy Balance
A lack of energy balance most often causes overweight
and obesity. Energy balance means that your energy IN
equals your energy OUT. Energy IN is the amount of
energy or calories you get from food and drinks. Energy
OUT is the amount of energy your body uses for things
like breathing , working and for other physical activities.
To maintain a healthy weight , your energy IN and OUT
have to balance exactly every day. It's the balance over
time that helps you maintain a healthy weight.
➢The same amount of energy IN and energy OUT over
time = weight stays the same
➢More energy IN than energy OUT over time= weight
7. gain.
➢More energy OUT than energy IN over time = weight
loss.
Overweight and obesity happen over time when in more
calories than you use.
➔ High Calorie Food
In all the cases of overweight high calorie food is the
measure cause of obesity. High calorie food produces
more energy in your body but your body become able to
consumpt only require amount of energy and remaining
energy stored in your body which give result to fattiness. It
is also reason of lack of energy balance which has been
demonstrated in above paragraph. So the food with
balanced calorie our body get fitness. For different -
different age group the energy requirement for body is
different from each other .
➔ Pregnancy
8. This reason of overweight is produced in only women
and this reason is not measure problem of overweight.
During pregnancy , woman gained weight to support their
babies growth and development. After giving birth , some
women find it hard to lose their weight. This may lead to
overweight or obesity , specially after a few pregnacies.
➔ Lack of Sleep
Research shows that lack of sleep increases the risk of
obesity . For example , one study of teenagers showed
that with each each hour of sleep lot , the odds of
becoming obese went up. Lack of sleep increases the
risk of obesity in other age groups as well.
9. ➔ People who sleep fewer hours also seem to prefer
eating foods that are higher in calories and carbohydrates,
which can lead to overeating , weight gain and obesity.
Sleep helps maintain a healthy balance of the hormones
that make you feel hungry (ghrelin) or full (leptin). When
you don't get enough sleep, your level of ghrelin goes up
and your level of leptin goes down. This makes you feel
hungrier than when you're well-rested. Sleep also affects
how your body reacts to insulin, the hormone that controls
your blood glucose (sugar) level. Lack of sleep results in a
higher than normal blood sugar level, which may increase
your risk for diabetes.
➔ Emotional Effects
Some people eat more than usual when they're bored ,
angry or stressed. Overtime , overeating will lead to
weight gain and may cause overweight or obesity.
➔ Medicine
Certain medicines may cause you to gain weight. These
10. medicines include some corticosteroids, antidepressants,
and seizure medicines. These medicines can slow the rate
at which your body burns calories, increase your appetite,
or cause your body to hold on to extra water. All of these
factors can lead to weight gain.
➔ Age
As you get older, you tend to lose muscle, especially if
you're less active. Muscle loss can slow down the rate
at which your body burns calories. If you don't reduce
your calorie intake as you get older, you may gain weight.
Midlife weight gain in women is mainly due to aging and
lifestyle, but menopause also plays a role. Many women
gain about 5 pounds during menopause and have more
fat around the waist than they did before.
Except that above mention the causes of excess weight
there may be other causes of fattiness such genetics,
hyperthorid or any diseases but if we analyse the reason
of excess weight then “Lack of Energy Balance” and “High
calorie Food” is the measure cause of the overweight. If
11. we take the balanced food according to our age and our
requirement the weight can be reduced.
Effect of “OVERWEIGHT” on body
The problem of fattiness does not seems very dangerous
but if we analyse very seriously to this disease then we
found that it is the mother of many diseases. When any
person body become overweight then organ of body does
not work like healthy body . Due to excess amount of
calories ,energy, Carbohydrates and fat the body organ
function become unbalanced which give result to many
disease. The problem of overweight raised many disease
in your body. Following are the some disease which may
be produced in your body due to the problem of excess
weight.
➢Coronary Heart Disease
As your body mass index rises, so does your risk for
coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a condition in
12. which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up
inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply
oxygen-rich blood to your heart.
Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries and
reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause
againa (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) or a heart attacks.
(Angina is chest pain or discomfort.) Obesity also can lead
to heart failure. This is a serious condition in which your
heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's
needs.
➢High Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the
walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this
pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the
body in many ways. Your chances of having high blood
pressure are greater if you're overweight or obese.
➢ Stroke
Being overweight or obese can lead to a buildup
13. of plaque in your arteries. Eventually, an area of
plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form.
If the clot is close to your brain, it can block
the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain and
cause a stroke. The risk of having a stroke rises
as BMI increases.
➢Abnormal Blood Fats
If you're overweight or obese, you're at increased
risk of having abnormal levels of blood fats.
These include high levels of triglycerides and LDL
("bad") cholesterol and low levels of HDL ("good")
cholesterol . Abnormal levels of these blood fats
are a risk factor for CHD. For more information
about triglycerides and LHL and HDL cholestrol , go
to the Health Topics High Blood Cholestrolarticle.
➢Osteoarthiritis
Osteoarthritis is a common joint problem of the knees,
14. hips, and lower back. The condition occurs if the tissue
that protects the joints wears away. Extra weight can put
more pressure and wear on joints, causing pain. This
disease is mostly seen in that person who are fat.
➢Cancer
Being overweight or obese raises your risk for
colon, breast, endometrial , and gallbladder cancers.
➢Reproductive Problems
Obesity can cause menstrual issues and infertility
in women .
➢ Gallstones
Gallstones are hard pieces of stone-like material that
form in the gallbladder. They're mostly made of cholestrol.
Gallstones can cause stomach or back pain . People who
are overweight or obese are at increased of risk having
gallstones. Also, being overweight may result in an
enlarged gallbladder that doesn't work well.
15. ➢Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea is a common disorder in which
you have one or more pauses in breathing or
shallow breaths while you sleep .
After familiarizing to many disease which is produced by
excess weight . Now you will be able to know that if any
person is pestered by overweight and he gets rid of from
overweight then he/she may be cured from many other
disease also. Actually I have mentioned a few disease
resulting from overweight Now its time to give treatment
by your diet to you.
➢Treatment
16. In the modern age of science the medical science has
been progressed very rapidly and has been given the
treatment of many disease which are very dangerous.
But if we talk about the problem of excess weight then
there is a lot of medicine also by which excess weight can
be cured. If we think the survey of WHO ( World Health
Organization ) in 2014 on the people who are facing the
problem of excess weight , this survey says that “ About
65% population of world is facing the problem of
overweight ” . What is the reason that people are not
being free from excess weight although medicine are also
available in market. Are you understanding the reason ?
Reason is that we are taking only medicine and not
maintaining our diet when people take the medicine some
people become cured but after some time they again
become victim of excess weight because of they do'nt
care towards his/her diet. Balanced diet is the panacea
for those person who are facing the problem of excess
weight. If you are not taking the medicine but you are
taking diet with balanced calorie definitely you will get rid
17. from excess weight.
The two way by which not only you will get rid from
excess weight but also you will be cured from many
disease also.
✔ Take balance diet
✔ Daily Exercise
Now here I am going to introduced to with some exercise
and diet by which you can lose your weight.
Exercise for lose weight
People who want to know about some exercise by which
they can reduce their weight they make exercise
according to given figure below
First
18. Make try your nose touches to knee of feet
Procedure
Firstly you seat comfortably on the plain surface and after
feeling relax hold both toe of foot by both hand. Then
doing this procedure make try that your nose touches to
the knee of your foot. In earlier day when you are making
this exercise your nose will not touch to the knee of your
foot.
But after daily by daily practice you will be comfortable
towards this exercise.
Note – You will be able to do this exercise after very
much practice so never overdo this exercise in the starting
19. stage unless it may harmful at the place of benefit.
Second
Procedure
As you can see in figure do the exercise one by one using
both hand.
NOTE - You need to do exercise in the care of expert
person because of they know that which exercise
beneficial for you according to your age group and
condition. When making daily exercise you need to care
some condition also unless exercise may be harmful for
your body. Many medical expert has been written many
ebooks on exercise and they have mentioned also which
20. type of diet you need to take when practicing for exercise
and which condition you need to care. you can access to
those ebooks by the mentioned referral link which has
been given at the end of this ebook.
DIET TO REDUCE WEIGHT
In this part I am going to tell you for avoiding some food and
also I will mention some food by which you can lose your weight.
➢ avoid artificial sweeteners
Many people replace sugar with artificial sweeteners and they
belief that this will reduce their calorie intake and cause weight
loss. It sounds plausible. Several studies, however, have failed to
show any positive effect on weight loss by consuming artificial
sweeteners instead of plain sugar.
➢ Eat low carbohydratre diet
If you want to lose weight you should start by avoiding sugar and
starch (like bread) and also avoid to those food which have high
carbohydrate because of food with high carbohydrate have
higher amount of calorie. Higher the calorie in your food higher
the possibility of become fatty. Dozen of modern scientific
21. studies have proven that low carbohydrate in your food is
effective way to lose your weight.
➢ Eat when you are hungry
Eat the food when you are hungry because if you are hungry, it
means energy produced in your body has been conusmpted and
need to take food for fulfill your body energy demand.
DIEt FOR WeIgHT LOSS
Here are some food name has been given which can help you
to reduce your weight.
Beans
Soup
Eggs
Nut
Grapefruit
Almonds
Green Tea
Pistachios
Healthy diet not only solve your problem of excess weight it will
solve of your many problem also. Above I have given only some
22. food name and don't know how much quantity you need to take
according to your age group and weight condition. For more and
detail knowledge about your diet you can refer to those ebook
which has been written by many DIET EXPERT. If you are
taking medicine then you need to care towards your diet also
because of weight loss is such type of problem which cannot be
solved without your energy balanced diet.
You can refer the below given links to find those ebooks which
can solve your problem. Users of these ebooks have been given
responds to the writer of this ebooks. You can go to the site
page after clicking any one link given below.
Full Treatment
You can use any one link according to your requirement
Link 1 - http://tinyurl.com/zmw64ap
Link 2- http://tinyurl.com/glgsmsz
Link 3 - http://tinyurl.com/glzoody
Link 4 - http://tinyurl.com/h35tvo8
If you have any other problem then you can message to me by
23. my Email ID . I will give the the best solution of your problem to
you as soon as will be possible. Thanks....
(BodyCareandTreat@gmail.com )
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