Article I Sections 4-7 of the Constitution outline how Congress works. State legislatures are responsible for holding elections for Congress, though Congress can regulate them. Congress must meet at least once per year. Each house of Congress sets its own rules and can expel members with a two-thirds vote. A quorum of over half the members is needed to conduct business. The Congressional Record details proceedings, though members can revise speeches. Congress cannot adjourn for more than 3 days without the other's consent. Members receive salaries and benefits like staff budgets and franking privileges. Congress has immunity from arrest except for treason, felony, or breach of peace. Members cannot hold other federal offices to prevent conflicts of interest. Party cauc
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process for how a bill becomes law in the United States. It begins by outlining the key learning objectives which are to understand the steps of the legislative process and discuss the National Nursing Shortage Reform and Patient Advocacy Act currently in committee. It then walks through each step of how a bill is introduced, moves through committees, receives votes in Congress, and is either passed and signed into law or vetoed. It includes an example of the National Nursing Shortage Reform bill and its current status.
The document summarizes information about the U.S. Congress from Chapter 10. It discusses the reasons for a bicameral legislature established by the Constitution, including historical precedent from the British Parliament and the need for compromise between state plans. It also describes terms of Congress, sessions of Congress, the size and terms of the House and Senate, qualifications for members of each chamber, committee work and oversight responsibilities of legislators, and their compensation.
- The Senate is comprised of two senators from each state who each serve six-year terms. Originally, senators were chosen by state legislatures but are now elected by popular vote.
- Senators are divided into three groups whose terms expire every two years to provide continuity. The Vice President serves as President of the Senate but rarely attends.
- The Senate tries all impeachments with a two-thirds vote needed for conviction, and can remove the impeached and bar them from future office. Two presidents have been impeached but not convicted.
The document outlines the process a bill goes through to become a law, including introduction in Congress, committee consideration, floor votes in the House and Senate, presidential action, and potential overrides of presidential vetoes. Key steps include referral to committees for review, amendments and markups, floor debates and votes, referral between chambers, and final presidential signature or veto.
Legislative process and procedures in nigeria - Advocacy Opportunity for CSOsJohn Onyeukwu
A summary of presentation on Legislative Advocacy for Civil Society Organizations - incorporating advocacy opportunities in the various Stages of Law Making in Nigeria's Presidential System
parliament composition, powers and role Indian Constitutionsai chandu kandati
The document discusses the composition, powers, and role of the Indian Parliament. It notes that the Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with 545 members elected by universal adult suffrage. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with 250 members elected by state assemblies. Parliament exercises legislative, executive, financial, and judicial powers. It forms the government, passes laws and budgets, and holds the executive accountable. The document also discusses parliamentary committees and critiques of the Parliament, suggesting reforms like increasing sitting days and ensuring greater gender balance.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process for how a bill becomes law in the United States. It begins by outlining the key learning objectives which are to understand the steps of the legislative process and discuss the National Nursing Shortage Reform and Patient Advocacy Act currently in committee. It then walks through each step of how a bill is introduced, moves through committees, receives votes in Congress, and is either passed and signed into law or vetoed. It includes an example of the National Nursing Shortage Reform bill and its current status.
The document summarizes information about the U.S. Congress from Chapter 10. It discusses the reasons for a bicameral legislature established by the Constitution, including historical precedent from the British Parliament and the need for compromise between state plans. It also describes terms of Congress, sessions of Congress, the size and terms of the House and Senate, qualifications for members of each chamber, committee work and oversight responsibilities of legislators, and their compensation.
- The Senate is comprised of two senators from each state who each serve six-year terms. Originally, senators were chosen by state legislatures but are now elected by popular vote.
- Senators are divided into three groups whose terms expire every two years to provide continuity. The Vice President serves as President of the Senate but rarely attends.
- The Senate tries all impeachments with a two-thirds vote needed for conviction, and can remove the impeached and bar them from future office. Two presidents have been impeached but not convicted.
The document outlines the process a bill goes through to become a law, including introduction in Congress, committee consideration, floor votes in the House and Senate, presidential action, and potential overrides of presidential vetoes. Key steps include referral to committees for review, amendments and markups, floor debates and votes, referral between chambers, and final presidential signature or veto.
Legislative process and procedures in nigeria - Advocacy Opportunity for CSOsJohn Onyeukwu
A summary of presentation on Legislative Advocacy for Civil Society Organizations - incorporating advocacy opportunities in the various Stages of Law Making in Nigeria's Presidential System
parliament composition, powers and role Indian Constitutionsai chandu kandati
The document discusses the composition, powers, and role of the Indian Parliament. It notes that the Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with 545 members elected by universal adult suffrage. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with 250 members elected by state assemblies. Parliament exercises legislative, executive, financial, and judicial powers. It forms the government, passes laws and budgets, and holds the executive accountable. The document also discusses parliamentary committees and critiques of the Parliament, suggesting reforms like increasing sitting days and ensuring greater gender balance.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
The document describes the basic lawmaking process in the United States Congress. It involves 5 main steps:
1. A bill is introduced by a member of Congress.
2. The bill is considered by relevant committees which can amend and vote on the bill.
3. The full House and Senate debate and vote on the bill.
4. If passed by both chambers, the bill goes to the President to be signed into law or vetoed.
5. Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers.
This document discusses the legislative process and procedures in India. It outlines the three pillars of the government - legislature, executive, and judiciary. It then focuses on the legislature, explaining that the legislature has the power to make and repeal laws. It describes the key aspects of the legislative process including how a bill is drafted, introduced, passed, receives assent to become an act, and more. It also discusses money bills, the governor and president's role in legislation, and the relationship between central and state acts.
The document provides information on the structure and roles of Congress, including qualifications for representatives and senators, constitutional powers of Congress, congressional leadership positions, and an overview of congressional committees and their functions. Key points covered include age and citizenship requirements for representatives and senators, enumerated powers and the elastic clause, leadership roles like the speaker of the house and president of the senate, and the types and purposes of standing, select, and conference committees.
The document provides an overview of the legislative process in the United States Congress. It discusses how a bill is introduced and moves through committees before receiving votes in the House and Senate. It then describes the different types of legislation and outlines some key terms like pork barrel spending. The lengthy process, which involves multiple steps and opportunities for a bill to be amended or defeated, makes it easier to stop a bill than pass it into law. This lengthy process is by design but can prolong how long it takes Congress to pass bills. The positive effects include more scrutiny and opportunities for compromise, while the negative effects include delays and partisan gridlock.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President and executive branch, including the President's roles as chief of state, diplomat, executive, legislator, commander-in-chief, and party leader. It also covers the Vice President, Cabinet, and various executive agencies. The size of the federal bureaucracy is discussed, with over 2.7 million civilian employees working across different departments and agencies.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Learning about the Parts of Parliament and its functions in a Representative democracy.
The Parliament has been advisedly charged with the power and the duty of enforcing the ‘obligation of the minister to follow the directions given in the Instrument of Instructions’ and ‘to compel the ministry to give proper advice to the President
The document provides an overview of the legislative process for creating laws in the United States Congress. It describes the 6 main steps: (1) a bill is introduced, (2) referred to committee for review, (3) debated on the House or Senate floor, (4) sent to a conference committee if amended differently, (5) sent to the President to be signed or vetoed, (6) becomes law if signed or veto is overridden. It also outlines the roles of the House, Senate and President in considering and passing bills into law.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
The document outlines the 9 step process for how a bill becomes a law in the United States Congress. It begins with a member of the House or Senate introducing a bill. It is then assigned to a committee to be studied. If released, it moves to a floor vote. If passed, it moves to the other chamber and repeats this process. Finally, if passed by both chambers in identical form, it is signed by the Speaker of the House, Vice President, and either signed by the President or overridden by a 2/3 Congressional vote.
This document provides an overview of how Congress is organized and operates. It discusses that Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. The House has 435 members representing districts, while the Senate has 100 members with 2 from each state. Members serve 2-year terms in the House and 6-year staggered terms in the Senate. The document outlines the roles of congressional leaders and different types of committees. It also summarizes the legislative process from a bill's introduction to becoming a law.
The document provides information about the legislative branch of the US government. It discusses the members and organization of Congress, including the House of Representatives and Senate. It explains that Congress is bicameral, with 435 members in the House serving 2 year terms and 100 Senators serving 6 year terms. The document also outlines the powers of Congress, such as passing legislation and approving budgets, and how a bill becomes a law through committee review and votes in both the House and Senate.
1) Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house elected by the people, while the Rajya Sabha is the upper house with members elected by state assemblies.
2) Parliament was established to give Indians a voice in government after colonial rule, allow representation of all people, and reduce the risk of dictatorship.
3) The key roles of Parliament are to select the national government, provide oversight of the government, and make laws through different types of bills.
An idea for a new law begins with a proposal in parliament. The bill is then debated and can be amended. It must pass a vote in the House of Representatives and the Senate. If approved, it goes to the Governor-General for final approval and signature, at which point it becomes law and can be enforced by the courts and police.
The Executive Branch-US GOVERNMENT CHPT 5 Anna Pizelo
Here are two executive agencies and one task each performs:
Department of State - Handles foreign relations and appoints ambassadors
Department of Defense - Oversees the military and national security
Department of Justice - Enforces laws and investigates crimes
The document discusses the structure and composition of state legislatures in India. It outlines that some states have bicameral legislatures consisting of a Legislative Assembly (lower house) and Legislative Council (upper house). The Legislative Assembly is comprised of elected members representing territorial constituencies. It has powers to make laws on matters in the state and concurrent lists. The Legislative Council consists of members elected by different groups like local bodies, graduates and teachers. It is a permanent body with 1/3 of its members retiring every 2 years. Both houses have presiding officers and certain powers to conduct proceedings and pass laws.
This document outlines plans to research the future of computer technology through a blog series. It will explore different existing technologies, technologies under development, and how technologies like the iPad could impact education. The blog will examine what makes technology difficult to live without and how much further technology may progress through research, surveys, online sources, and articles. The series will present findings on these topics through blog posts with videos and images.
The document discusses different types of law:
- Revealed law comes directly from the Bible.
- Natural law is revealed through human conscience and reason by observing the world.
- Municipal or political law is developed by governments to conform to revealed and natural law, including civil law dealing with citizen rights and criminal law dealing with prosecuted crimes.
- Common law is based on precedents set in judicial decisions dating back to England. America adopted much of English common law.
The Inside Experience was a groundbreaking social film experience produced by Intel and Toshiba in 2011. It told the story of Christina Perasso trapped in a room who used social media to engage with viewers and get help escaping. It was the first film to blend Hollywood production with real-time social interactions. Viewers could comment and vote to impact the plot. The eight episode film pioneered a new transmedia genre and was watched by over 50,000 online. It demonstrated how audiences could be actively involved in interactive online entertainment through social platforms.
The document summarizes Amendments XI-XXVII of the US Constitution. It provides context and explanations for each amendment, including the reasons for their proposals and ratifications. Key amendments discussed include those banning slavery, establishing citizenship rights after the Civil War, granting women's suffrage and voting rights for black citizens, establishing the income tax, limiting presidents to two terms, and lowering the voting age to 18.
The document discusses key aspects of the Articles of Confederation such as sovereignty, confederation, who was excluded from citizenship, state representation and selection of delegates. It notes problems with the Articles like Congress having little power and inability to enforce policies or amend the Articles without unanimous consent. It also summarizes Shays' Rebellion where farmers rebelled due to economic hardship and confirms this crisis strengthened support to reform the Articles of Confederation.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
The document describes the basic lawmaking process in the United States Congress. It involves 5 main steps:
1. A bill is introduced by a member of Congress.
2. The bill is considered by relevant committees which can amend and vote on the bill.
3. The full House and Senate debate and vote on the bill.
4. If passed by both chambers, the bill goes to the President to be signed into law or vetoed.
5. Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers.
This document discusses the legislative process and procedures in India. It outlines the three pillars of the government - legislature, executive, and judiciary. It then focuses on the legislature, explaining that the legislature has the power to make and repeal laws. It describes the key aspects of the legislative process including how a bill is drafted, introduced, passed, receives assent to become an act, and more. It also discusses money bills, the governor and president's role in legislation, and the relationship between central and state acts.
The document provides information on the structure and roles of Congress, including qualifications for representatives and senators, constitutional powers of Congress, congressional leadership positions, and an overview of congressional committees and their functions. Key points covered include age and citizenship requirements for representatives and senators, enumerated powers and the elastic clause, leadership roles like the speaker of the house and president of the senate, and the types and purposes of standing, select, and conference committees.
The document provides an overview of the legislative process in the United States Congress. It discusses how a bill is introduced and moves through committees before receiving votes in the House and Senate. It then describes the different types of legislation and outlines some key terms like pork barrel spending. The lengthy process, which involves multiple steps and opportunities for a bill to be amended or defeated, makes it easier to stop a bill than pass it into law. This lengthy process is by design but can prolong how long it takes Congress to pass bills. The positive effects include more scrutiny and opportunities for compromise, while the negative effects include delays and partisan gridlock.
The document discusses the roles and powers of the President and executive branch, including the President's roles as chief of state, diplomat, executive, legislator, commander-in-chief, and party leader. It also covers the Vice President, Cabinet, and various executive agencies. The size of the federal bureaucracy is discussed, with over 2.7 million civilian employees working across different departments and agencies.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Learning about the Parts of Parliament and its functions in a Representative democracy.
The Parliament has been advisedly charged with the power and the duty of enforcing the ‘obligation of the minister to follow the directions given in the Instrument of Instructions’ and ‘to compel the ministry to give proper advice to the President
The document provides an overview of the legislative process for creating laws in the United States Congress. It describes the 6 main steps: (1) a bill is introduced, (2) referred to committee for review, (3) debated on the House or Senate floor, (4) sent to a conference committee if amended differently, (5) sent to the President to be signed or vetoed, (6) becomes law if signed or veto is overridden. It also outlines the roles of the House, Senate and President in considering and passing bills into law.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
The document outlines the 9 step process for how a bill becomes a law in the United States Congress. It begins with a member of the House or Senate introducing a bill. It is then assigned to a committee to be studied. If released, it moves to a floor vote. If passed, it moves to the other chamber and repeats this process. Finally, if passed by both chambers in identical form, it is signed by the Speaker of the House, Vice President, and either signed by the President or overridden by a 2/3 Congressional vote.
This document provides an overview of how Congress is organized and operates. It discusses that Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. The House has 435 members representing districts, while the Senate has 100 members with 2 from each state. Members serve 2-year terms in the House and 6-year staggered terms in the Senate. The document outlines the roles of congressional leaders and different types of committees. It also summarizes the legislative process from a bill's introduction to becoming a law.
The document provides information about the legislative branch of the US government. It discusses the members and organization of Congress, including the House of Representatives and Senate. It explains that Congress is bicameral, with 435 members in the House serving 2 year terms and 100 Senators serving 6 year terms. The document also outlines the powers of Congress, such as passing legislation and approving budgets, and how a bill becomes a law through committee review and votes in both the House and Senate.
1) Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house elected by the people, while the Rajya Sabha is the upper house with members elected by state assemblies.
2) Parliament was established to give Indians a voice in government after colonial rule, allow representation of all people, and reduce the risk of dictatorship.
3) The key roles of Parliament are to select the national government, provide oversight of the government, and make laws through different types of bills.
An idea for a new law begins with a proposal in parliament. The bill is then debated and can be amended. It must pass a vote in the House of Representatives and the Senate. If approved, it goes to the Governor-General for final approval and signature, at which point it becomes law and can be enforced by the courts and police.
The Executive Branch-US GOVERNMENT CHPT 5 Anna Pizelo
Here are two executive agencies and one task each performs:
Department of State - Handles foreign relations and appoints ambassadors
Department of Defense - Oversees the military and national security
Department of Justice - Enforces laws and investigates crimes
The document discusses the structure and composition of state legislatures in India. It outlines that some states have bicameral legislatures consisting of a Legislative Assembly (lower house) and Legislative Council (upper house). The Legislative Assembly is comprised of elected members representing territorial constituencies. It has powers to make laws on matters in the state and concurrent lists. The Legislative Council consists of members elected by different groups like local bodies, graduates and teachers. It is a permanent body with 1/3 of its members retiring every 2 years. Both houses have presiding officers and certain powers to conduct proceedings and pass laws.
This document outlines plans to research the future of computer technology through a blog series. It will explore different existing technologies, technologies under development, and how technologies like the iPad could impact education. The blog will examine what makes technology difficult to live without and how much further technology may progress through research, surveys, online sources, and articles. The series will present findings on these topics through blog posts with videos and images.
The document discusses different types of law:
- Revealed law comes directly from the Bible.
- Natural law is revealed through human conscience and reason by observing the world.
- Municipal or political law is developed by governments to conform to revealed and natural law, including civil law dealing with citizen rights and criminal law dealing with prosecuted crimes.
- Common law is based on precedents set in judicial decisions dating back to England. America adopted much of English common law.
The Inside Experience was a groundbreaking social film experience produced by Intel and Toshiba in 2011. It told the story of Christina Perasso trapped in a room who used social media to engage with viewers and get help escaping. It was the first film to blend Hollywood production with real-time social interactions. Viewers could comment and vote to impact the plot. The eight episode film pioneered a new transmedia genre and was watched by over 50,000 online. It demonstrated how audiences could be actively involved in interactive online entertainment through social platforms.
The document summarizes Amendments XI-XXVII of the US Constitution. It provides context and explanations for each amendment, including the reasons for their proposals and ratifications. Key amendments discussed include those banning slavery, establishing citizenship rights after the Civil War, granting women's suffrage and voting rights for black citizens, establishing the income tax, limiting presidents to two terms, and lowering the voting age to 18.
The document discusses key aspects of the Articles of Confederation such as sovereignty, confederation, who was excluded from citizenship, state representation and selection of delegates. It notes problems with the Articles like Congress having little power and inability to enforce policies or amend the Articles without unanimous consent. It also summarizes Shays' Rebellion where farmers rebelled due to economic hardship and confirms this crisis strengthened support to reform the Articles of Confederation.
The document provides an 11-step guide to transitioning to a Weston A. Price diet on a budget. It discusses budgeting $650-700 per month for a family of four, focusing on high quality fats, bone broth, pastured eggs and meats, fermented foods, and replacing processed foods with whole foods. Time-saving tips include meal preparation, cooking in bulk, and getting family involvement in the kitchen.
Congress has specifically enumerated powers listed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. This includes the powers to tax citizens and spend tax revenue to provide for the common defense and general welfare, borrow money, regulate commerce between states and foreign nations, establish rules regarding naturalization and bankruptcy, control currency and measurements, punish counterfeiting, establish the postal system and roads, issue patents and copyrights, form federal courts, punish piracy, declare war, and grant letters of marque and reprisal during wartime. Maintaining uniformity across states is a key principle for many of these powers.
Week 1 what is govt & biblical view of govtneeason
The document discusses what government is and why it is necessary according to political philosophers like James Madison and John Adams. It then summarizes biblical passages that address government and its purpose from a Christian perspective. Key points are:
- Government is a system that controls and directs people through the use of force.
- Both Madison and Adams believed humans need government because people are inherently flawed.
- The Bible says government's purpose is to punish wrongdoing and reward righteousness. It also teaches Christians to submit and pray for their leaders.
The Constitutional Convention began on May 25, 1787 in Philadelphia. George Washington was elected president of the convention. The first rule they passed was one of secrecy, prohibiting leaks for 4 months. Their first major decision was to replace the Articles of Confederation rather than just reform them. There was conflict between large and small states over representation, which was resolved by the Connecticut Compromise, establishing a bicameral legislature.
The document summarizes various sections of Article I of the US Constitution that place limitations on the powers of Congress and the states. Key points include: Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808; habeas corpus can be suspended during rebellion or invasion; bills of attainder and ex post facto laws are forbidden; direct taxes must be apportioned by population; Congress regulates trade between states and with other nations; and states are prohibited from coining money or entering treaties without Congressional approval.
The document provides the results of a personal IQ test, with the respondent scoring 27-30/30, indicating an "excellent" personal financial IQ. It then outlines 11 elements of personal finance, including discovering your comparative advantage, being entrepreneurial, budgeting, financing purchases appropriately, avoiding credit card debt, buying used goods, emergency savings, investing for compound interest, diversifying investments, investing in index funds, and being wary of high-risk investment schemes.
The document provides tips for eating according to the Weston Price diet in a budget-friendly way without spending excessive time in the kitchen. It recommends starting with high-quality fats like butter, making bone broth, eating pastured eggs and meats, getting vitamin D from the sun, reducing sugar, switching to raw milk, replacing cereal with homemade grains, and adding fermented foods. The monthly food budget for a family of four is $650-700 including raw milk, homegrown foods, meat from local farms, and homemade breads.
The document discusses key aspects of the US Constitution's Preamble and Article I. It notes that the Preamble establishes that the Constitution was authorized by the people and created to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure blessings of liberty. Article I establishes Congress as the national legislature, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives, with their respective roles, qualifications for members, and leadership positions discussed.
Fatcache is an in-memory cache that persists data to solid state drives (SSDs) for faster access than traditional disks. It uses SSDs to provide cheaper and larger storage than memory alone. Fatcache aggregates writes and performs them in batches to SSDs to improve performance and lifespan. It can scale across multiple machines and SSDs for high throughput. Fatcache supports the Memcache protocol and consistent hashing for high availability during failures. However, data is ultimately not durable and could be lost during failures or evictions.
The document discusses the structure and powers of the executive branch as outlined in Article II of the US Constitution. It covers topics like the election and qualifications of the President, the line of succession, powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief and Chief Executive, and the roles and responsibilities of the Cabinet departments.
The Legislative Branch consists of Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 members who serve 2-year terms, while the Senate has 100 members who serve 6-year terms. Both bodies work together to create and pass federal laws, oversee the executive branch, and approve treaties and presidential appointments. The document provides details on the election process, qualifications, powers and responsibilities of members of Congress.
The Legislative Branch article summarizes key information about the US Congress including its structure and roles. It notes that Congress is bicameral consisting of the House of Representatives with 435 members serving 2-year terms and the Senate with 100 members serving 6-year terms. Some of Congress's main responsibilities are to make laws, oversee the executive branch, and approve treaties and presidential appointments. The document also reviews the election process and qualifications for representatives and senators.
The document discusses several key aspects of the US Congress, including theories of representation, the structure and powers granted by Article I of the Constitution, membership and leadership in Congress, the committee system and process for how a bill becomes law. It provides background on delegate, trustee and gyroscopic representation theories. It outlines sections of Article I related to the bicameral legislature, terms of office, selection of senators and congressional elections.
The document provides an overview of how Congress is organized and structured according to the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how Congress is made up of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, with different membership sizes and terms. It also describes the process by which a bill is introduced, debated through committees, amended, and voted on before potentially becoming law, which involves multiple steps and opportunities for the bill to be altered or blocked.
Lesson 9 Functions of Legislative Branch.pptxPaulineMae5
The legislative branch of the Philippine government consists of two chambers - the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 24 members who serve 6-year terms, while the House has over 250 members who serve 3-year terms. Bills can be introduced by legislators or citizens and must pass through several readings and committees before a law is enacted. The legislative process involves public hearings, debates, and votes before a bill is sent to the President for approval. The two chambers can also pass resolutions to express opinions or policies.
Congress can propose constitutional amendments by a two-thirds vote in each house or by calling a national convention. The Senate must confirm all major presidential appointments by majority vote. Congress oversees the executive branch by approving treaties and appointments. Congress can impeach the president, vice president, and civil officers for treason, bribery, or other high crimes through a House vote and Senate trial.
Congress is the legislative branch of the US government and is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. The Constitution established this structure to represent both large and small states. Congress's main function is to enact laws and oversee the executive branch. The House has 435 members with 2 year terms representing single districts, while the 100 Senators have 6 year staggered terms representing entire states. Congress has broad powers to tax, spend, regulate commerce, and declare war which it uses to carry out government functions and policies.
Article I of the Constitution deals with Congress and establishes it as the legislative branch with two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. It outlines the structure of Congress including the length of terms for members and the process by which bills become law, which involves being introduced, referred to committee, debated on the floor, amended, and voted on before being sent to the president. The document discusses the role and powers of Congress established in the Constitution.
Article I of the Constitution deals with Congress and establishes it as the legislative branch of government with two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. It outlines the powers granted to Congress, including the ability to lay and collect taxes, declare war, and make all laws necessary to execute its constitutional powers. The article also establishes qualifications for members of Congress and the process for congressional elections and redistricting.
We The People powerpoint presentation. 1vijayauratech
The document summarizes key aspects of the US Congress, including:
- Congress has two chambers, the House and Senate, which differ in representation models and terms. The Senate has two senators per state with six-year terms, while the House has representatives allocated by population with two-year terms.
- Representatives act as both sociological and agency representatives of constituents. They learn constituent interests and face electoral incentives to vote accordingly.
- Gerrymandering, incumbency advantages, and safe districts influence who gets elected. The majority party controls the agenda and committee assignments.
- For a bill to become law it must pass both chambers and not be vetoed by the president, which can override a
The document provides an overview of Congress and its legislative powers and processes. It discusses how Congress is organized, the roles of the House and Senate, how bills become laws, and the influences on Congressional members, such as political parties, committees, interest groups, and constituents. It also summarizes Congress's expressed and implied powers, as well as the criticisms levied against the legislative branch.
Why did the framers create a bicameral legislatureHajraHashmi2
The Framers created a bicameral legislature to separate powers and make it difficult for the government to pass laws. The key differences between the House and Senate are their term lengths, size, roles in impeachment and treaty approval, and whether they are considered the lower or upper chamber. A Congressional district is a state's territorial division responsible for electing a House representative; districts are determined by population according to the census and may involve legislative and court approval in setting boundaries.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch and Congress, including:
- Congress is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate
- The House has 435 members elected every 2 years, while the Senate has 100 members elected every 6 years
- Congress has enumerated powers listed in the Constitution as well as implied powers, and it shares foreign relations and war powers with the President
- The legislative process involves bills being introduced, referred to committee, debated on the floor, and voted on before being sent to the other chamber and then potentially to the President
This document provides an overview of government in the United States from the federal level down to local levels. It outlines the branches and responsibilities of the federal government as established in the Constitution. It also summarizes the Bill of Rights and process for amending the Constitution. Additionally, it discusses state and local governments and how citizens can get involved in the political process through activities like voting, learning about elected officials, and civic participation.
This document outlines the process of how a bill becomes a law in the United States. It discusses how bills are introduced in Congress and assigned to committees for review. Committees hold hearings on bills and can amend them before sending them to a full House or Senate vote. If passed, bills go to the other body and may end up in a conference committee if versions differ. An agreed upon bill then goes to the President to be signed into law or vetoed. The document provides examples and checks for student understanding of the lawmaking process.
The document summarizes the branches of the Philippine government - the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. It describes the principle of separation of powers, where each branch has separate functions and checks the others. It then details provisions in the Philippine Constitution related to the structure and powers of the legislative branch, including the composition and roles of the Senate and House of Representatives.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government, including its members, organization, powers, and process for passing bills. It discusses that Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. The House has 435 members representing districts, while the Senate has 100 members with 2 per state. It also outlines the roles of congressional leaders, committees, and the process a bill goes through from introduction to becoming a law or not.
The document provides information about how bills become laws in Congress and about gerrymandering. It explains the 10 step process bills must go through, including being introduced, debated in committee, voted on by both the House and Senate, and sent to the President. It also describes how political parties can manipulate redistricting to their advantage through gerrymandering when they control the state legislature, and efforts to reform the redistricting process.
The document discusses the history and context surrounding the addition of the Bill of Rights to the US Constitution in 1791. It explains that many Federalists promised to add a bill of rights during the ratification debates in order to gain support for the Constitution. James Madison drafted the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, in response. Originally, the Bill of Rights only applied restrictions on the federal government and not state governments. Later amendments like the 14th Amendment applied the Bill of Rights to states as well through incorporation. The document provides context on the freedoms protected by the First Amendment and discusses debates around interpretations of religious freedom and the establishment clause. It also summarizes regulations and debates surrounding other rights like freedom of speech,
The document discusses several key principles of the US Constitution, including:
- The full faith and credit clause requires states to respect other states' laws, records, and judicial rulings, though not things like gambling laws. Homosexual marriage is currently challenging this clause.
- The amendment process is difficult, requiring approval from both Congress and 3/4 of states, which is why some issues are addressed through laws and court decisions instead of amendments.
- Interpretation of the Constitution has been controversial, with strict constructionists believing the original intent is important while broad constructionists allow for more creative interpretation, similar to debates over biblical interpretation.
- There is no explicit right to privacy but it is considered a natural
The document summarizes key aspects of the judicial branch according to Article III of the US Constitution. It discusses that the basic function of the judicial branch is to interpret the law, though this is not explicitly stated. It establishes the Supreme Court and notes that Congress has established inferior courts. It provides overviews of the federal court system including district courts, circuit courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court. It also discusses judicial review, how judges are appointed, and other judicial concepts like treason and trials.
The document discusses key aspects of the US Constitution's Preamble and Article I. It notes that the Preamble establishes that the Constitution was authorized by the people and created to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure blessings of liberty. Article I establishes Congress as the national legislature, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives, with their respective roles, qualifications for members, and leadership positions discussed.
The document discusses the ratification debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over ratifying the US Constitution. Federalists supported ratification while Anti-Federalists opposed it. A key compromise was the Federalists agreeing to propose a Bill of Rights to gain support. The Constitution was officially ratified in 1788 after being approved by nine of the thirteen states, with New York and Virginia being the most contentious battles and Rhode Island the last state to ratify.
The document discusses the debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the ratification of the US Constitution. Federalists supported ratification and wanted a strong central government, while Anti-Federalists opposed it and wanted to preserve states' rights. The key issues in the debate included whether the Constitution was legitimate, if the new national government would be too strong, the lack of a Bill of Rights, and the amendment process. The Federalists eventually agreed to propose a Bill of Rights to gain ratification in more states.
The Constitutional Convention began on May 25, 1787. George Washington was elected president of the convention. The first rule they passed was one of secrecy, prohibiting leaks for four months. Their first major decision was to replace the Articles of Confederation rather than just reform them. There was conflict between large and small states over representation, but this was resolved by the Connecticut Compromise which created a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the lower house and equal in the upper house.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
2. Article I Sect. 4: Elections & Meeting
Times
Who is responsible to hold the elections for Congress?
3. Article I Sect. 4: Elections & Meeting
Times
Who is responsible to hold the elections for Congress?
- the state legislatures, BUT Congress can regulate the
elections as it chooses
How often is Congress to meet?
4. Article I Sect. 4: Elections & Meeting
Times
Who is responsible to hold the elections for Congress?
- the state legislatures, BUT Congress can regulate the
elections as it chooses, and there are plenty of national
laws regulating how elections will be held
How often is Congress to meet?
- At least once every year
- Amendment XX changed the first day of meeting from the
first Monday in December to noon on Jan. 3 (or another
day as specified by Congress) following the most recent
November election
5. Article I Section 5: Proceedings
Discipline: Each house makes its own rules and judges its
own members
What are the advantages & disadvantages of this?
6. Article I Section 5: Proceedings
Discipline: Each house makes its own rules and judges its
own members
What are the pros and cons of this?
- pro: other branches of govt can't force their will on
Congress
- con: members are reluctant to judge one another for fear of
reprisals
A two-thirds majority is needed to expel a member of either
house
What's a quorum?
7. Article I Section 5: Proceedings
Discipline: Each house makes its own rules and judges its
own members
What are the pros and cons of this?
- pro: other branches of govt can't force their will on
Congress
- con: members are reluctant to judge one another for fear of
reprisals
A two-thirds majority is needed to expel a member of either
house
What's a quorum? The number needed in order to conduct
business; must be a simple majority (just over half present)
for both houses
8. Art. I Sect. 5 cont
What does Congress do when a vote needs to be taken and
there isn't a quorum?
9. Art. I Sect. 5 cont
What does Congress do when a vote needs to be taken and
there isn't a quorum?
- a quorum call is issued and the sergeant-at-arms brings in
the absent members
10. Art. I Sect. 5 cont
What does Congress do when a vote needs to be taken and
there isn't a quorum?
- a quorum call is issued and the sergeant-at-arms brings in
the absent members
What is the name of the journal kept by each house?
11. Art. I Sect. 5 cont
What does Congress do when a vote needs to be taken and
there isn't a quorum?
- a quorum call is issued and the sergeant-at-arms brings in
the absent members
What is the name of the journal kept by each house?
- The Congressional Record
Note: Votes can be kept secret, but if 1/5 of those present
request a written record of the vote, then it will be
recorded.
Also, members can revise their speeches before putting
them in the Record, so this isn't as helpful as it once was
Has anyone watched Congress on C-SPAN?
12. Art. I Sect. 5
What does the Constitution say about how Congress can
adjourn?
13. Art. I Sect. 5
What does the Constitution say about how Congress can
adjourn?
- Neither house can adjourn for more than 3 days without the
consent of the other house.
Why did the Founders include this?
14. Art. I Sect. 5
What does the Constitution say about how Congress can
adjourn?
- Neither house can adjourn for more than 3 days without the
consent of the other house.
Why did the Founders include this?
- to prevent one house from stopping all progress, which can
be a temptation when the houses are controlled by
different parties. Both houses have to meet in their
designated places, too.
Witness what happened in Wisconsin last year; the
Democratic legislators left the state so they wouldn't have
to vote on anti-union legislation.
15. Art. I Sect. 6: Salary
Senators & Representatives receive salaries for their work in
Congress
Current salaries:
- Senators & Representatives: $174,000/year
- Speaker of the House: $223,500
- Majority & Minority Leaders: $193,400
What's a COLA?
16. Art. I Sect. 6: Salary
Senators & Representatives receive salaries for their work in
Congress
Current salaries:
- Senators & Representatives: $174,000/year
- Speaker of the House: $223,500
- Majority & Minority Leaders: $193,400
What's a COLA?
- Cost of Living Adjustment = made every year unless
Congress votes not to accept it
- Ask your parents the last time they received a COLA
17. Art. I Sect. 6: Salary cont.
In addition to their salaries, members of Congress receive
other benefits such as:
- budget to hire staff & run their office
- franking privilege = the government pays for their mailings
- retirement & health care plans, free parking in DC, etc.
- may earn up to 15% of their salary from outside sources
such as speaking fees and legal fees
- can receive 100% of any book royalties they earn
- unofficial perks when lobbyists pay for vacations, dinners,
and other things (junket = trips abroad)
19. Art. I Sect. 6: Immunity
Immunity = protection from prosecution or arrest
What kind of immunity does Congress have under the
Constitution?
20. Art. I Sect. 6: Immunity
Immunity = protection from prosecution or arrest
What kind of immunity does Congress have under the
Constitution?
- they cannot be arrested while attending, going to, or
returning from a session of Congress
What are the exceptions to this?
21. Art. I Sect. 6: Immunity
Immunity = protection from prosecution or arrest
What kind of immunity does Congress have under the
Constitution?
- they cannot be arrested while attending, going to, or
returning from a session of Congress
What are the exceptions to this?
- charges of treason, felony, or breach of the peace
They also cannot face criminal charges for anything they
say in speech or debate in Congress
Why is this provision in the Constitution?
22. Art. I Sect. 6: Immunity cont.
The immunity section is included to protect members of
Congress from being arrested and even executed by their
political enemies (such as the President or a powerful
Cabinet member). Kings used this tactic all the time.
Con: Congressman sometimes say ridiculous things or even
lies in Congress b/c they can't be punished for them.
Pro: They can say unpopular things without fear
23. Art. I Sect. 6: Limitations
Can a member of Congress hold another federal office at the
same time?
24. Art. I Sect. 6: Limitations
Can a member of Congress hold another federal office at the
same time? No!
- They also cannot take any federal office that was created
by Congress until after their term is ended
- Nor can they take a federal office for which the pay was
increased during their term in Congress until after their
term has expired.
Why?
25. Art. I Sect. 6: Limitations
Can a member of Congress hold another federal office at the
same time? No!
- They also cannot take any federal office that was created
by their house of Congress until after their term is ended
- Nor can they take a federal office for which the pay was
increased during their term in Congress until after their
term has expired. Likewise, civil servants cannot serve in
Congress unless they first resign.
Why? To prevent Congress from giving themselves federal
jobs or jobs with increased salaries & to avoid conflicts of
interest
However, former Congressman & Senators can serve in
federal govt. once they are no longer in officde
26. More on How Congress Works
See pp. 246-260 of Bob Jones text
Who selects the leaders of Congress?
27. More on How Congress Works
See pp. 246-260 of Bob Jones text
Who selects the leaders of Congress?
- Each party selects their own leaders in a meeting called a
caucus.
- Which ever party has the majority picks the Speaker of
the House and the Majority Leader and Whip of both
houses.
What are term limits?
28. More on How Congress Works
See pp. 246-260 of Bob Jones text
Who selects the leaders of Congress?
- Each party selects their own leaders in a meeting called a
caucus.
- Which ever party has the majority picks the Speaker of
the House and the Majority Leader and Whip of both
houses.
What are term limits?
- a law that sets a limit on how many consecutive (or total)
terms an elected official can serve
Does the Constitution include term limits for members of
Congress?
29. More on How Congress Works
See pp. 246-260 of Bob Jones text
Who selects the leaders of Congress?
- Each party selects their own leaders in a meeting called a
caucus.
- Which ever party has the majority picks the Speaker of
the House and the Majority Leader and Whip of both
houses.
What are term limits?
- a law that sets a limit on how many consecutive (or total)
terms an elected official can serve
Does the Constitution include term limits for members of
Congress? NO, but some candidates have limited
themselves
30. Why are term limits popular with
some voters?
Because some congressmen serve for decades, inviting
corruption and complacency
What is an incumbent?
31. Why are term limits popular with
some voters?
Because some congressmen serve for decades, inviting
corruption and complacency
What is an incumbent?
- a current officeholder who is running for re-election
Why is it so hard to defeat an incumbent?
32. Why are term limits popular with
some voters?
Because some congressmen serve for decades, inviting
corruption and complacency
What is an incumbent?
- a current officeholder who is running for re-election
Why is it so hard to defeat an incumbent?
- b/c they have name recognition,
- have helped constituents through casework,
- have gathered support by bringing the bacon back to their
districts,
- have more financial backing & govt perks like franking
34. Congressional Committees
Why are the committees important?
- Most of the work on legislation is done in committees
What are the four types of committees in Congress?
35. Congressional Committees
Why are the committees important?
- Most of the work on legislation is done in committees
What are the four types of committees in Congress?
- Standing: permanent committees & usually the most
powerful. See p. 254 for a list; which committee would
handle which bill (p. 254 TE)
36. Congressional Committees
Why are the committees important?
- Most of the work on legislation is done in committees
What are the four types of committees in Congress?
- Standing Committees: permanent committees & usually the
most powerful. See p. 254 for a list; which committee
would handle each of these bills?
1. construction of new tracks for Amtrak
2. research into additional uses for cottonseed oil
3. adding 5 new staff members to offices of federal district judges
4. research on predicting droughts in the U.S.
5. exempting companies with less than 25 employees from EPA inspections
6. restoring diplomatic relations with North Korea
37. Other Committees
Select Committees: created for a special purpose, often to
investigate a problem; usually temporary
Joint Committees: permanent committees that include
members from both houses; they act in an advisory
manner and have very little real power
Conference Committees: ad hoc (temporary) committees
drawn from both houses to work out a compromise
agreement on a bill or proposed law
38. Other Committees
Select Committees: created for a special purpose, often to
investigate a problem; usually temporary
Joint Committees: permanent committees that include
members from both houses; they act in an advisory
manner and have very little real power
Conference Committees: ad hoc (temporary) committees
drawn from both houses to work out a compromise
agreement on a bill or proposed law
40. More on Committees
Who are the most powerful people on a committee?
- The chairman, always a member of the majority party
- They control what bills get heard by the committee,
- They control the schedule, even to the point of making sure
opponents won't be present
- They have a lot of say over who can serve on their
committee
- They can kill a bill assigned to their committee without it
even appearing before the rest of the members
You get the idea
41. Article I Section 7: How Does a Bill
Become Law?
Member of Congress decides to carry a bill
After being drafted, the bill is turned over to a committee.
If not killed, the committee holds hearings on the bill.
Bill is submitted to the full house for debate and voting.
The other house assigns it to a committee for hearings and
revisions.
The second house passes the bill.
Any differences are ironed out by a Senate-House
conference committee.
Compromise bill is passed by both houses.
President signs the bill into law.
42. Art. I Sect. 7: More on Lawmaking
What happens to most bills?
43. Art. I Sect. 7: More on Lawmaking
What happens to most bills?
- They are killed without passing out of committee.
What is a filibuster?
44. Art. I Sect. 7: More on Lawmaking
What happens to most bills?
- They are killed without passing out of committee.
What is a filibuster?
- b/c unlimited debate is allowed in the Senate, the
opponents of a bill can try to “talk the bill to death.” All the
senator (or team of senators) has to do is to keep talking
about anything to delay the vote.
How is a filibuster broken?
45. Art. I Sect. 7: More on Lawmaking
What happens to most bills?
- They are killed without passing out of committee.
What is a filibuster?
- b/c unlimited debate is allowed in the Senate, the
opponents of a bill can try to “talk the bill to death.” All the
senator (or team of senators) has to do is to keep talking
about anything to delay the vote.
How is a filibuster broken?
- Either the filibustering team stops talking or a vote for
cloture (a motion to stop debate)is taken. 16 senators
have to sign a motion to invoke cloture and then 60
senators have to vote to end debate.
46. Art. I Sect. 7: More on Lawmaking
What's a lobbyist?
47. Lobbying
What's a lobbyist?
- someone who works to influence legislation
- they are called this b/c they traditionally talk with legislators
in the lobby outside of the legislative chambers
- they are often paid a lot of money to do this and must
register with the govt and follow strict rules
- they usually represent a special interest group (SIG)
- they try to influence other govt officials in addition to
Congress such as the president and various bureaucrats
- a necessary part of the political process but one that is
subject to corruption and abuse
49. Art. I Sect. 7: Revenue
Revenue = income, esp. of a government
What is a government's main source of revenue?
50. Art. I Sect. 7: Revenue
Revenue = income, esp. of a government
What is a government's main source of revenue?
- taxes, of course!
In which house do bills that raise money (revenue) originate?
51. Art. I Sect. 7: Revenue
Revenue = income, esp. of a government
What is a government's main source of revenue?
- taxes, of course!
In which house do bills that raise money (revenue) originate?
The House, but the Senate can make changes to it
This restriction only applies to bills that deal directly with
taxation. Appropriations bills, which allocate funds, can be
initiated by either house as can revenue bills that don't
deal with taxation.
52. The President's Role in Law-making
What are the President's options when a bill is passed on to
him?
53. The President's Role in Law-making
What are the President's options when a bill is passed on to
him?
He can sign the bill, making it law.
He can veto (send it back w/o his signature) the bill and kill
it. However, Congress can override the veto if 2/3 of both
houses vote for the bill after the veto.
He can ignore the bill, thus taking no position on it. If
Congress is in session the bill will become law in 10 days.
If Congress adjourns during those 10 days, and the
president does not sign it, the bill will die. This is called the
pocket veto. This is done to discourage Congress from
overloading the President with a bunch of bills at the end
of a session.
54. An Exception
What is the one act of both houses of Congress that does
not require the President's approval to be passed?
55. An Exception
What is the one act of both houses of Congress that does
not require the President's approval to be passed?
- The decision to adjourn; Congress can do this on their own
authority as long as both houses agree.