4. Transpiration
Water enters the root of the plant by the
process of:
A) Transpiration
B) Osmosis
C) Photosynthesis
D) Evaporation
5. The property of water which causes water
molecules to stick to each other is called:
A) Adhesion
B) Stoma
C) Cohesion
D) Root pressure
Transpiration
6. The water diffuses out of the plant through
the ________.
A) Roots
B) Veins
C) Stem
D) Leaf
Transpiration
7. Germination is when the seed
starts to _______.
A) Grow
B) Eat
C) Respire
D) Sleep
Germination and Growth
8. Germination and Growth
What is the word equation for respiration
in a plant mitochondria?
Glucose + Oxygen ->
Carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
9. Interdependence is:
A) When plants depend on animals for
seed dispersal.
B) Plants and animals working together.
C) When organisms depend on each other.
D) All of the above
Germination and Growth
11. Vocabulary
Food chain
Interspecific
Ecological
pyramids
A graphical representation showing the
relationship between different organisms
in an ecosystem.
1
2
3
A sequence of transfers of matter and
energy in the form of food from organism
to organism.
Occurs between individuals of the same
species.
2
1
4
Intraspecific
4 Occurs between different species.
3
12. Vocabulary
Competition
Predator-prey
Symbiosis
Any type of a close and long-term
biological interaction between two
different organisms.
1
2
3
A struggle between two organisms for the
same resources within an environment.
2
1
An interaction where one animal catches
and eats another animal.
3
14. Food Chains
Food chains show which organisms eat other
organisms.
What is the primary source of energy in a food chain?
What do the arrows in a food chain show?
The sun
The arrows show the transfer of energy.
15. Trophic Levels
The levels in a food chain are called trophic levels.
Can you remember the names for the different
trophic levels?
Producer
Primary
consumer
Secondary
consumer
Tertiary
consumer
17. Ecological Pyramids
There are 3 types of ecological pyramids;
pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy.
Pyramid of
Numbers
Pyramid of
Biomass
Pyramid of
Energy
19. A pyramid of
numbers shows the
number of organism
in each trophic level.
Pyramid of Numbers
The size of organism
doesn't change the size
of the pyramid bars.
20. A pyramid of
numbers shows the
number of organism
in each trophic level.
Pyramid of Numbers
A pyramid of numbers
doesn't always look like
a pyramid.
21. An energy pyramid shows the amount of useful
energy that enters each trophic level.
Pyramid of Energy
The energy is being
transferred as chemical
energy in the form of food.
A pyramid of energy
always follows a pyramid
shape as the energy
decreases with each trophic
level.
23. Energy Loss in Food Chains
Why is energy lost in each
trophic level?
• Movement
• Respiration
• Heat loss
• Growth
• Excretion
• Not all material
consumed
• Not all material
digested
24. A pyramid of biomass shows the total dry
mass of the organisms at each trophic level.
Pyramid of Biomass
Pyramids of biomass are always pyramid shaped.
28. In ecology, the effect that a pair of organisms
have on each other is called an interaction.
Interaction of Organisms
If the organisms that are
interacting are from the
same species, we call it an
intraspecific interactions.
When interactions happen
between organisms from
different species, we call it an
interspecific interactions.
29. Interaction of Organisms
There are 3 types of interactions that we will
study today:
Competition
Predator-
Prey
Symbiosis
30. Competition is an interaction between organisms
which both need a resource that is in limited supply.
Competition Interactions
Competition can be intraspecific
(between the same specifies) or
interspecific (between different
species).
Competition happens
between animals, and also
plants.
31. Animal Competition
What do animals compete for?
Animals compete for:
• Food
• Water
• Space to live
• The same species
also compete for
mates.
32. Plant Competition
What do plants compete for?
Plants compete
for:
• Light
• Water
• Minerals
• Root space
33. Symbiosis describes any type of close
interaction between two different organisms.
Symbiotic Interactions
• There are 3 types of symbiotic interactions:
Commensalism Parasitism
Mutualism
34. Commensalism is a symbiotic interaction where
one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
Symbiotic Interactions
Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction where both
organisms benefits from the relationship.
Parasitism is a symbiotic interaction where one
organism lives on or inside another organism
causing it harm.
35. A predator is an animal that ______ another animal.
The prey is the animal that is ______ by the predator.
Who is the predator in these relationships?
• Wolf and moose
• Seal and shark
• Snake and mouse
• Lion and giraffe
In predator-prey interactions one organism
catches and eats another organism.
Predator-Prey Interactions
eats
eaten
36. Predators and their prey are both types of
consumers (animals).
Predator and Prey
There are 3 types of consumers; herbivores,
omnivores and carnivores.
Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore
37. Predator-prey interactions are important because they
keep animal populations at a healthy level.
Predator-Prey Interactions
• In a predator-prey
relationship, the
population of each
species continually
rises and falls.
Why does the
population cycle
like this?
38. Predator-prey interactions decrease overpopulation
which can be bad for the food web and ecosystem.
Predator-Prey Interactions
• When the number of
predators increase, it
causes the prey population
to decrease.
• When the prey population
decreases the predator
population follows.
• This creates the
predator-prey cycle..
40. Predators are adapted to catch, kill and eat prey.
Predator Adaptations
Sharp teeth
& jaws
Camouflage
Strong smell
Sharp claws
Poison/Venom
41. Prey are adapted to detect predators and escape being
eaten.
Prey Adaptations
Spikes or
horns
Warning colours
Speed
Camouflage
Strong
hearing
42. Predators and Prey also have different eye placement
to help them succeed.
Predator and Prey Adaptations
• Prey have eyes on the
side of their head.
• Predators have eyes on
the front of their head.
43. Predator and Prey Adaptations
Can you guess if these animals are predator or prey based
on their eye placement?
Prey Predator Prey
44. Predator Adaptations
What adaptations does this predator have to help it succeed
in hunting prey?
Sharp claws
Strong jaws and
sharp teeth
Camouflage
45. Prey Adaptations
What adaptations does this prey have to help it succeed in
escaping predators?
Camouflage
Sharp horns
Speed
Strong hearing
47. Competition between the
same specifies
Competition between
different specifies
Food chain
Sun
Producer Primary
consumer
Secondary
consumer
Tertiary
consumer
48. A pyramid of numbers shows
the number of organism in
each trophic level.
An energy pyramid shows the
amount of useful energy that
enters each trophic level.
A pyramid of biomass shows
the total dry mass of the
organisms at each trophic level.
59. Which is NOT a type of symbiotic interaction?
A. Predator-prey
B. Parasitism
C. Mutualism
Review
60. Give an example of interspecific competition.
Competition for food, water, space (and
mates in animals).
Review
61. What type ecological pyramid is this?
A. Numbers
B. Energy
C. Biomass
Review
Sparrowhawk
Bluetit
Caterpillar
Oak tree
62. 1. Review food chains and trophic levels.
2. Understand and be able to draw
pyramids of numbers and pyramids of
biomass.
3. Learn about symbiosis and
competition.
What did we do today?
