This document discusses mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE). It defines key terms like mother tongue, language, bilingual, and multilingual. It outlines UNESCO's three principles supporting MTB-MLE and education in multilingual societies. The document also discusses the purposes and benefits of MTB-MLE, as well as the languages and principles of human and child development.

1. Content and
Pedagogy for the
Mother Tongue
SPE-MTB-MLE, BEED 2105 - Week 1
Prof. MEINRAD C. BAUTISTA, Ph.D.

2. Opening Prayer:

3. Former President of South
Africa

4. What you Know:

5. Answer:
Mother Tongue

6. What you Know:

7. Answer:
Multilingual Education

8. Week 1 Discussion:
Objectives:
1. To know about the nature, definition and
application of Mother Tongue Based-
Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE);
2. To be familiar with the principles of human
development; and
3. To conceptualize the approaches of human
development

9. Mother Tongue
Mother tongue means
one’s native language,
the language learned
by children and passed
from one generation to
the next.
L1 – Primary Language

10. Language
Language is the expression of ideas by means of
speech-sounds combined into words. It is a
foundation of every culture. It includes speech,
symbols, written characters, gestures, numerals,
and expressions of non-verbal communication.
L1 – 1st language
L2 – 2nd Language

11. Language
Major Languages of the Philippines. The
Philippines has 8 major dialects. Listed in the
figure from top to bottom: Bikol, Cebuano,
Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Ilocano, Kapampangan,
Pangasinan (Pangasinense), Tagalog, and Waray.
The language being taught all over the
Philippines is Tagalog and English
(http://www.csun.edu/)

12. Language
Bilingual – the use of two languages
Multilingual – the use of two or more languages
Diversity – the inclusion of different types of
people in a group

13. Language
Literacy – the ability to read and write

14. UNESCO’s Three Principles
of Education in Multilingual
World
Principle 1:
UNESCO supports mother togue instruction as a
means of improving educational quality by
building upon the knowledge and experience of
the learners and teachers
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

15. UNESCO’s Three Principles
of Education in Multilingual
World
Principle 2:
UNESCO supports bilingual and/or multilingual
education at all levels of education as a means
of promoting both social and gender equality
and as a key element on linguistically diverse
societies.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

16. UNESCO’s Three Principles
of Education in Multilingual
World
Principle 3:
UNESCO supports language as essential
component of intercultural education in order
to encourage understanding between different
population groups and ensure respect to
fundamental rights.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

17. Mother Tongue Based-
Multilingual Education
MLE refers to “first-language-first”
education, that is schooling which begins in the
mother tongue and transitions to additional
languages.
Also, MLE is the use of more than two
languages for literacy and instruction. It starts
from where the learners are, and from what
they already know.
This means learning to read and write in their first language or L1, and also
teaching subjects like mathematics, science, health, and social studies in the L1.

18. What is the purpose of MTB-
MLE?
To develop appropriate cognitive and
reasoning skills enabling children to operate
equally in different languages – starting in
the mother tongue with transition to
Filipino and then English
To preserve the Philippine cultural
treasure

19. The languages considered
by DepEd in its MTB-MLE
implementation
1. Iloko (Ilocano) 8. Cebuano
2. Pangasinan 9. Maranao
3. Kapampangan 10.Chavacano
4. Tagalog (Zambauangueno)
5. Bikol 11. Maguindanaon
6. Waray 12. Tausog (Sulu)
7. Hiligaynon (Illongo)

20. Why teaching mother tongue
as a subject in school
important?
• It will preserve our country’s cultural treasure
• Provides learners with strong educational
foundation in the first language in terms of
instruction.
• It is a stepping stone in achieving the aims of
education as well as the goal of functional
literacy.

21. Benefits of MTB-MLE
• Reduced drop-out
• Reduced repetition
• Children are attending school
• Children are learning
• Parents and its community are involved

22. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #1. Development is Continuous:
The process of growth and development
continues from conception to the stage where
the individual reaches maturity. It goes on
continuously throughout life. Even after
maturity has been attained, development does
not end.

23. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #2. Development is Gradual:
It does not come all on a sudden. It is also
cumulative in nature.

24. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #3. Development is Sequential:
Most psychologists agree that
development is sequential or orderly. Every
species, whether animal or human, follows a
pattern of development peculiar to it. This
pattern in general is the same for all individuals.
The child crawls before he creeps, stands before
he walks and babbles before he talks.

25. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #4. Rate of Development Varies Person
to Person:
Rate of development is not uniform.
Individuals differ in the rate of growth and
development. Boys and girls have different
development rates. Each part of the body has its
own particular rate of growth. There are periods
of great intensity and equilibrium and there are
periods of imbalance.

26. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #5. Development Proceeds from General
to Specific:
Development proceeds from general to
specific. In all areas of development, general
activity always precedes specific activity. For
example, the fetus moves its whole body but is
incapable of making specific responses. With
respect to emotional behavior infants approach
strange and unusual objects with some sort of
general fear response.

27. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #6. Most Traits are Correlated in
Development:
Generally, it is seen that the child whose
mental development is above average, is also
superior in so many other aspects like health,
sociability and special aptitudes.

28. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #7. Growth and Development is a
Product of Both Heredity and Environment:
Development is influenced by both
heredity and environment. Both are responsible
for human growth and development.

29. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #8. Development is Predictable:
The difference in physiological and
psychological potentialities can ‘ be predicated
by observation and psychological tests.

30. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #9. Development:
Development brings about both structural
and functional changes.

31. What are the principles of
Human Development?
Principle #10. There is a Constant Interaction
Between All Factors of Development:
Development in one area is highly related
to development in other areas. For example, a
child who has a good health can be active
socially and intellectually.

32. What are the principles of
Child Development?
Principles of Child Development:
Development does not only see behavior of
any individual child at a particular stage, but also
looks into the involvement of all people concerned
with the development of the child.
It is not only that a child grows and changes
his behavior but it is also necessary how other
people around him look at the child’s growing up
and reconcile with his behavioral changes at each
stage.

33. What are the principles of
Child Development?
The child development principles govern
all aspects of development—physical, sensory-
motor, cognitive, mental, behavioral
development as well as social-emotional
development etc. The following principles will
help the adults around the child to perceive him
and his behavior in the process of development,
which at times seem inexplicable to the adults
surrounding him.

34. What are the principles of
Child Development?
1. Development Proceeds Qualitatively from
Simple to Complex:
In order to understand this principle, it is first
necessary to distinguish between “growth” and
“development”. All organisms including the humans
increase in size as they grow older. Their responsive
behaviors also increase in number as time passes
on and life situations vary. This is an index of
quantitative change and is called growth.

35. What are the principles of
Child Development?
Development progresses qualitatively from
simple to complex, from reflexive to habit
formation, from unsteady to bold and stable ones.
The growth and developmental process starts at the
prenatal stage, as and when a single-celled
organism at conception grows and develops to a
highly complex body structure along with variety of
functions. The process by which it takes place is
known as development. It continues after the baby
is born up to maturational limit.

36. What are the principles of
Child Development?
2. Development Proceeds from General to
Specific:
As the child develops, his behavior
becomes more and more intricate and complex
leading towards specificity. In the beginning his
behavior remains mass and undifferentiated— a
general response to all stimuli. But gradually
they get differentiated and specific response is
elicited to specific stimulus.

37. What are the principles of
Child Development?
For example, the child at birth expresses only three
kinds of behavior—they lie and rest on the bed, they sleep
and they cry when they are hungry.
The baby again cries when he is uncomfortable due to
bed-wetting or something else disturbing him. Gradually this
crying response becomes time- specific when he is hungry at
intervals. His crying responses due to uncomfortable feeling
becomes different from the earlier ones due to the presence
of an unfamiliar face or remaining alone in the bed and so on,
thus indicating this awareness of making different responses
to different stimuli. This happens because development has
taken place and the child’s behavior proceeds from general to
specific.

38. What are the principles of
Child Development?
Again, a baby makes general arm
movements long before specific responses for
reaching objects. These are the examples of
behavioral development. Even in terms of
physical development, as the cells of the body
change their character, Specific kinds of tissues
with specific functions are developed — skins,
bones, blood etc. Same thing happens during
the child’s language development.

39. What are the principles of
Child Development?
3. Development Proceeds Directionally:
“The cephalo-caudal” principle refers to the fact
that development (as well as growth) always
proceeds directionally from head to foot. We
see this principle demonstrated in physical
growth simply by comparing the changes that
take place in the comparative sizes of different
parts of the body.

40. What are the principles of
Child Development?
At birth baby’s heads are large in comparison
to the rest of their bodies. As children grow older,
the rate of growth increases in the lower
extremities of the body. As this occurs, the head
gradually begins to look smaller in relation to the
rest of the body. The other direction in which the
body develops is known as “proximo-distal” fashion
i.e. it proceeds from areas closest to the central
nervous system outward to the extremities of the
body. Therefore, arm muscles develop before finger
muscles.

41. What are the principles of
Child Development?
4. Development Continues throughout Life:
Development is more or less a continuous
process with spurts at some stages. The changes
that are controlled by the developmental process
are orderly and tend to occur in an unvarying
sequence. Therefore, the major changes are, more
or less, predictable. Everybody can be expected to
sit before standing, to stand before walking
Havinghurst, (1952) .

42. Former President of South
Africa

43. Take Aways:
1. What are the current challenges of MTB-MLE
in the Philippines?
2. What recommendations can you provide to
improve the MTB-MLE in the Philippines?

44. References:
Magistrado (2018). Mother Tongue Multilingual Education
(MTB-MLE). Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/menchiellagas/mother-
tongue-multilingual-education-mtbmle
Shriv (2023). Principles of Human Growth and Development.
Retrieved from
https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/educational-
psychology/principles-of-human-growth-and-
development/1813
Sir (2023). Child Development: Principles and Stages |
Educational Psychology. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/child-
development/child-development-principles-and-
stages-educational-psychology/1892