Copyright law automatically protects original creative works in Australia as soon as they are recorded in a tangible form. Copyright is represented by the © symbol and provides the creator exclusive rights over things like publication and distribution of their work. Royalties, represented by the P symbol, refer to the percentage of income paid to copyright owners for others' use of their work, such as through music sales and licensing. Copyright typically lasts for the creator's life plus 70 years, while phonographic rights last 35 years before works enter the public domain and can be used freely.

1. COPYRIGHT & ROYALTIES Certificate 3 Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

2. COPYRIGHT Copyright (def) - Copyright recognises t he legal rights granted to the creator of an original work. Such exclusive rights grant control over publication, production, sale, distribution and adaption of an original work. In Australia, copyright law is contained in the Copyright act 1968 and is in the decision of courts. Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

3. COPYRIGHT In Australia there is no registration procedure for copyright protection, which means you don’t have to formally register your work for it to be recognised and protected. In Australia, original musical work and literary work is automatically protected as soon as it is recorded into a material form; Such as; written down, chord chart, transcribed, ideas put to paper, recorded onto cassette, CD, computer etc Each countries copyright law changes and differs although there are general similarities. Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

4. COPYRIGHT Copyright in music uses two identifiable symbols; © & P © refers to Intellectual property which is the legal property rights over creations of the mind; such as the creation of musical, literary, and artistic works; ideas, discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. In music, intellectual property rights are recognised in two parts; The musical work, and The literary work Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

5. COPYRIGHT P (Has a circle around it) refers to Phonographic rights; which is the rights to the actual recording of a music work. Phonographic rights are owned by; Whom ever paid for the recording, (owns the physical recording such as tapes/digital files), and Who played on a recording Often when hiring session musicians to play on a recording they will sign a contract stating that they possess no ownership of the phonographic rights of a recording. Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

6. ROYALTIES Royalties ( def) - The word royalty describes the percentage of income which is payable to a copyright owner for the use the copyright owners material. You gain royalties from the copyright ownership of your musical work through; CD sales, radio airtime, publishing (licensing music to be used in advertising, film, television, sheet music etc, promotional and compilation CD’s etc). Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

7. COPYRIGHT & ROYALTIES Copyright only last for a period of time before it enters the Public Domain. The time period is intellectual property rights 70 years after the death of the original creator. When in the public domain people are free to use the musical work without infringing on the copyright of the work. Phonographic rights last for 35 years after its publication before it enters the public domain. Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

8. Example: Eric Carmen the arranged the verse of his hit "All By Myself," around Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 18 in C Minor, and the chorus around a song he had written in 1973 called 'Let's Pretend' for the Raspberries. Carmen believed it was in the public domain, though having found it was not, only after the record had been issued, Carmen had to come to an agreement with the Rachmaninoff estate. Early versions, therefore, only give writing credits to Carmen, but later versions also credit Rachmaninoff. To avoid any confusion visit; www.royaltyfreemusic.com Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009

9. Lucas Hendriks - copyright & royalties 2009