The document provides information about Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML). It discusses that DHTML is not a language itself but a combination of technologies including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and DOM to make web pages dynamic and interactive. It then explains the four main components of DHTML and provides examples of using JavaScript, DOM, events, and CSS to manipulate HTML elements and create dynamic content. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of DHTML.
The document discusses the Document Object Model (DOM) and how it allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of an HTML or XML document. It defines the DOM as a standard set by the W3C. The document then discusses the DOM for HTML documents (HTML DOM) and how it defines HTML elements as objects and provides properties and methods to access and modify those elements. It also discusses DOM events and how they allow JavaScript to add event handlers to HTML elements for user interactions.
Dom date and objects and event handlingsmitha273566
The document discusses the JavaScript Document Object Model (DOM) and regular expressions. It defines the DOM as a programming interface for HTML and XML documents that defines the logical structure and allows manipulation. It describes how the DOM represents an HTML document as a tree of nodes that can be accessed and modified with JavaScript. It provides examples of how to select elements, modify attributes and content, add and remove nodes, and handle events. Regular expressions are also mentioned as a topic.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript and the Document Object Model (DOM). It discusses how the DOM represents an HTML document as nodes that can be manipulated with JavaScript. Key points covered include finding and changing HTML elements, modifying attributes and styles, handling events, and navigating the node tree. The Browser Object Model is also introduced, with the window object representing the browser window. Methods for creating and adding new DOM nodes are demonstrated.
JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language that is used to make web pages interactive. It allows for client-side scripting which means scripts can be run directly in the browser. JavaScript supports object-oriented programming and event-driven programming. There are two types of scripting - client-side which runs on the browser and server-side which runs on the web server. Common JavaScript looping statements include for loops and while loops, and objects can be created to group data and functions together. The Document Object Model defines the logical structure of documents and allows JavaScript to access and update elements.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript including:
1. Why JavaScript is important for web development as one of the three main languages used along with HTML and CSS.
2. The different ways JavaScript can display data such as writing to HTML elements or using alerts.
3. Key JavaScript concepts such as variables, comments, functions, objects, and errors.
4. How JavaScript interacts with the DOM to modify HTML elements and handle events.
This document provides an introduction to using JavaScript with XML and the Document Object Model (DOM). It explains that JavaScript can be used to dynamically access and modify XML documents by creating a DOM representation of the XML. The DOM exposes properties and methods to navigate and manipulate the XML document tree. Examples are given of how to load an XML file, access element values, attributes, and loop through nodes to retrieve and update the XML data programmatically.
The document discusses different image file formats including JPEG, GIF, and PNG. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each format, noting that JPEG is best for photos while GIF and PNG are better for web use due to support for animation and transparency. The document also covers the differences between server-side and client-side scripting, and provides examples of each. Common JavaScript concepts like data types, operators, loops, and functions are defined. Methods for creating objects and arrays in JavaScript are presented.
The document discusses the Document Object Model (DOM) and how it allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of an HTML or XML document. It defines the DOM as a standard set by the W3C. The document then discusses the DOM for HTML documents (HTML DOM) and how it defines HTML elements as objects and provides properties and methods to access and modify those elements. It also discusses DOM events and how they allow JavaScript to add event handlers to HTML elements for user interactions.
Dom date and objects and event handlingsmitha273566
The document discusses the JavaScript Document Object Model (DOM) and regular expressions. It defines the DOM as a programming interface for HTML and XML documents that defines the logical structure and allows manipulation. It describes how the DOM represents an HTML document as a tree of nodes that can be accessed and modified with JavaScript. It provides examples of how to select elements, modify attributes and content, add and remove nodes, and handle events. Regular expressions are also mentioned as a topic.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript and the Document Object Model (DOM). It discusses how the DOM represents an HTML document as nodes that can be manipulated with JavaScript. Key points covered include finding and changing HTML elements, modifying attributes and styles, handling events, and navigating the node tree. The Browser Object Model is also introduced, with the window object representing the browser window. Methods for creating and adding new DOM nodes are demonstrated.
JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language that is used to make web pages interactive. It allows for client-side scripting which means scripts can be run directly in the browser. JavaScript supports object-oriented programming and event-driven programming. There are two types of scripting - client-side which runs on the browser and server-side which runs on the web server. Common JavaScript looping statements include for loops and while loops, and objects can be created to group data and functions together. The Document Object Model defines the logical structure of documents and allows JavaScript to access and update elements.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript including:
1. Why JavaScript is important for web development as one of the three main languages used along with HTML and CSS.
2. The different ways JavaScript can display data such as writing to HTML elements or using alerts.
3. Key JavaScript concepts such as variables, comments, functions, objects, and errors.
4. How JavaScript interacts with the DOM to modify HTML elements and handle events.
This document provides an introduction to using JavaScript with XML and the Document Object Model (DOM). It explains that JavaScript can be used to dynamically access and modify XML documents by creating a DOM representation of the XML. The DOM exposes properties and methods to navigate and manipulate the XML document tree. Examples are given of how to load an XML file, access element values, attributes, and loop through nodes to retrieve and update the XML data programmatically.
The document discusses different image file formats including JPEG, GIF, and PNG. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each format, noting that JPEG is best for photos while GIF and PNG are better for web use due to support for animation and transparency. The document also covers the differences between server-side and client-side scripting, and provides examples of each. Common JavaScript concepts like data types, operators, loops, and functions are defined. Methods for creating objects and arrays in JavaScript are presented.
This document provides an overview of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for building a website. It discusses key topics like:
- HTML tags and syntax used to structure content
- Viewing HTML source code to understand how websites are built
- CSS properties that control styling and layout
- Making websites responsive for different devices using CSS media queries
- Common JavaScript concepts like variables, functions, and DOM manipulation
- A hackathon challenge to build a portfolio website using only HTML, CSS, and JS by a deadline.
JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages interactive. It runs in browsers and can dynamically manipulate HTML content, validate forms, track user interactions, and more. JavaScript uses objects, properties, methods, events, functions, values, variables, expressions, and operators to perform tasks. Code can be embedded directly in HTML or linked via external files. Common uses of JavaScript include form validation, dynamic content updates, and interactive elements like shopping carts.
DOM(Document Object Model) in javascriptRashmi Mishra
Title: Mastering JavaScript: From Basics to Advanced
Description:
Enhance your JavaScript skills with our comprehensive presentation designed for both beginners and advanced learners. This detailed guide covers essential topics, including:
JavaScript Fundamentals: Variables, data types, functions, and loops
DOM Manipulation: Accessing and modifying HTML elements
Advanced Concepts: Closures, promises, async/await
Practical Examples: Real-world applications and coding exercises
Key Features:
Clear, concise explanations of key JavaScript concepts
High-quality visuals to aid understanding
Practical code examples and exercises
Links to additional resources and full study materials
Why You’ll Love This Presentation:
Perfect for self-learners and students
Great reference for developers at all levels
Continuously updated content to stay current with industry trends
Get the Full Study Materials:
Visit our website [YourWebsite.com] for the complete JavaScript study guide, detailed cheat sheets, and exclusive tutorials.
Join our newsletter for updates and special offers on our educational products.
This document provides an introduction to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for website development. It defines each technology and describes common elements and syntax. It also explains how browsers request and load website resources, and introduces developer tools for inspecting and debugging code. The key points covered are: definitions of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and common tags/elements in each; how browsers get IP addresses and request files from servers; features of developer tools like Elements, Console, and Network panels.
The Time for Vanilla Web Components has ArrivedGil Fink
The document discusses the emerging web components standards that enable encapsulation, separation of concerns, and element portability. It covers the main web components APIs including templates, imports, shadow DOM, and custom elements. Templates allow declaring reusable DOM fragments. Imports allow loading additional HTML documents. Shadow DOM encapsulates DOM parts and prevents style leakage. Custom elements enable extending or creating custom HTML elements. While browser support is still developing, web components offer powerful tools for building reusable components in a standardized way.
This document discusses the Document Object Model (DOM) and HTML DOM. It defines the DOM as a W3C standard that defines how programs can access and update the content, structure, and style of documents. The HTML DOM is the standard object model for HTML documents that defines HTML elements as objects that can be manipulated with properties, methods, and events. It presents the DOM as a tree structure and discusses how to locate, change, and add/delete HTML elements using the HTML DOM programming interface in JavaScript.
The document provides an overview of HTML5 and how to build web applications with it. Some key points covered include:
- HTML5 is the latest version of HTML and supports new elements, tags, and attributes
- HTML5 pages can be built by writing code between angle brackets and saving it as a file with an .html extension
- CSS can be used to style HTML5 pages through selectors, properties, and linking external style sheets
- JavaScript adds interactivity by manipulating the DOM and creating dynamic content
- Features like forms, multimedia, and drag-and-drop are improved in HTML5 for building robust web applications
This document outlines the modules and content covered in a JavaScript and ExtJS training course. Module 1 covers the basics of JavaScript, including elements of a JavaScript program, statements, functions, objects, arrays, and events. Module 2 provides an introduction to ExtJS and its fundamental classes. Module 3 continues ExtJS coverage, focusing on components, data stores, templates, and classes. Module 4 covers internationalization, drag and drop, common components like grids and trees, and application best practices in ExtJS. The objectives are to learn how to write JavaScript code using basic elements and create windows/dialog boxes, use built-in objects, handle events, manipulate forms, and integrate JavaScript with Java.
JavaScript allows for dynamic web pages and client-side form validation. It is embedded in HTML using <script> tags and can be stored in external .js files. Functions are commonly used in JavaScript. If/else statements and operators allow for conditional logic. AJAX enables asynchronous communication with servers. Cookies store small amounts of data in a user's browser.
The document discusses the HTML DOM (Document Object Model). When a web page loads, the browser constructs a DOM tree of objects representing the HTML elements. The DOM allows JavaScript to dynamically access and modify the content, structure, and style of a document. Key points include that the DOM defines HTML elements as objects, their properties and methods, and events. JavaScript can then use the DOM API to modify HTML, add/remove elements, and react to events. The document also covers common JavaScript DOM methods like getElementById and innerHTML as well as control structures like if/else statements, loops, and forms processing.
- JavaScript code can be embedded in HTML files using <script> tags and is used to add dynamic and interactive behaviors to web pages. It is commonly used for form validation, dynamic HTML, and AJAX.
- Functions are commonly used in JavaScript to reuse code. Variables can be declared and used within functions and have limited scope. Operators, if/else statements, and loops allow for conditional logic.
- AJAX allows for asynchronous communication between the browser and server, improving interactivity. Cookies can be used to store small amounts of data on the client-side to remember information between requests.
This document provides an overview and roadmap for building a simple guessing game with JavaScript. It begins with introductions and background on programming concepts. It then outlines the steps to build the game, including generating a random number on page load, accepting user input, checking guesses, and allowing new games. Code examples are provided for functions to generate random numbers and display guesses. Homework extends the game with additional feedback and counting number of guesses. Information is also given on Thinkful's mentorship program for learning to code.
This is the first part (out of two) about basics of JavaScript.
01 What is Dynamic HTML?
02 What is JavaScript?
03 How to JavaScript?
04 JavaScript Syntax
05 JavaScript Basics
06 Conditional Statements
This document discusses component-driven web development and HTML5 Web Components. It defines what components are and their characteristics of being independent, composable, and deployable. It explains how to break a web page into reusable components and represent them as a tree structure. It also covers different types of components, data flow patterns like two-way binding and Flux, and emerging HTML5 Web Component standards like templates, imports, shadow DOM, and custom elements to build encapsulated and reusable components.
Javascript allows adding interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. It is a client-side scripting language that was developed by Netscape to address the limitations of static HTML pages. Javascript events occur when a user interacts with a web page, such as clicking a button. Event handlers in the form of Javascript functions execute in response to these events. Common events include load, click, change, and submit. The Browser Object Model includes objects like window, document, and form that can be manipulated with Javascript to control what happens in the browser.
The document describes the Document Object Model (DOM) and how it allows JavaScript to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of an HTML document. It explains that the DOM represents an HTML document as nodes and objects, which JavaScript can manipulate by accessing and changing the document's properties and methods. The DOM defines elements as objects that JavaScript can select, add, and remove nodes from in order to dynamically modify an HTML document.
JavaScript is a scripting language that allows adding interactivity to HTML pages. It can react to events, read and write HTML elements, validate data, detect the visitor's browser, create cookies, and more. The DOM defines a standard for accessing and manipulating HTML documents. JavaScript uses objects, functions, and prototypes for object-oriented programming. Key concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and abstraction. Events follow the capturing and bubbling phases. JavaScript supports conditionals, loops, functions, scopes, closures, and more.
What is the DOM?
The DOM is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard.
The DOM defines a standard for accessing documents:
"The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document."
The W3C DOM standard is separated into 3 different parts:
Core DOM - standard model for all document types
XML DOM - standard model for XML documents
HTML DOM - standard model for HTML documents
The HTML DOM (Document Object Model)
When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.
The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects.
With the HTML DOM, JavaScript can access and change all the elements of an HTML document.
The document discusses client-side JavaScript and DOM (Document Object Model) manipulation. It covers the window object, DOM programming interface, DOM element types like Node and HTML Element. Methods for accessing elements like getElementById(), getElementsByName(), and querySelector() are explained. Working with element attributes, innerHTML, and traversing the DOM using childNodes and parentNode properties are also summarized. The presentation aims to explain DOM and how JavaScript can be used to get, change, add or remove HTML elements.
React is a popular JavaScript library used to create user interfaces. It was built at Facebook to address challenges with large-scale, data-driven websites. React emphasizes functional programming over object-oriented programming and uses a virtual DOM for faster rendering. As React and related tools evolve, there can be breaking changes between versions that developers must keep up with by checking documentation. React supports code reusability through components and functions.
The document discusses different types of shift registers and counters. It describes serial-in serial-out, serial-in parallel-out, parallel-in serial-out, and parallel-in parallel-out shift registers. It also covers asynchronous and synchronous counters such as ripple counters, up/down counters, and mod-N counters. Diagrams and truth tables are provided to illustrate the working of different shift registers and counters.
The document discusses latches and flip-flops. It describes SR latches and how they can be used to make SR flip-flops. It then discusses different types of flip-flops including D, JK, T flip-flops. It explains how SR flip-flops can be converted to these other flip-flops and discusses issues like race conditions in JK flip-flops and how master-slave flip-flops address this issue.
This document provides an overview of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for building a website. It discusses key topics like:
- HTML tags and syntax used to structure content
- Viewing HTML source code to understand how websites are built
- CSS properties that control styling and layout
- Making websites responsive for different devices using CSS media queries
- Common JavaScript concepts like variables, functions, and DOM manipulation
- A hackathon challenge to build a portfolio website using only HTML, CSS, and JS by a deadline.
JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages interactive. It runs in browsers and can dynamically manipulate HTML content, validate forms, track user interactions, and more. JavaScript uses objects, properties, methods, events, functions, values, variables, expressions, and operators to perform tasks. Code can be embedded directly in HTML or linked via external files. Common uses of JavaScript include form validation, dynamic content updates, and interactive elements like shopping carts.
DOM(Document Object Model) in javascriptRashmi Mishra
Title: Mastering JavaScript: From Basics to Advanced
Description:
Enhance your JavaScript skills with our comprehensive presentation designed for both beginners and advanced learners. This detailed guide covers essential topics, including:
JavaScript Fundamentals: Variables, data types, functions, and loops
DOM Manipulation: Accessing and modifying HTML elements
Advanced Concepts: Closures, promises, async/await
Practical Examples: Real-world applications and coding exercises
Key Features:
Clear, concise explanations of key JavaScript concepts
High-quality visuals to aid understanding
Practical code examples and exercises
Links to additional resources and full study materials
Why You’ll Love This Presentation:
Perfect for self-learners and students
Great reference for developers at all levels
Continuously updated content to stay current with industry trends
Get the Full Study Materials:
Visit our website [YourWebsite.com] for the complete JavaScript study guide, detailed cheat sheets, and exclusive tutorials.
Join our newsletter for updates and special offers on our educational products.
This document provides an introduction to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for website development. It defines each technology and describes common elements and syntax. It also explains how browsers request and load website resources, and introduces developer tools for inspecting and debugging code. The key points covered are: definitions of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and common tags/elements in each; how browsers get IP addresses and request files from servers; features of developer tools like Elements, Console, and Network panels.
The Time for Vanilla Web Components has ArrivedGil Fink
The document discusses the emerging web components standards that enable encapsulation, separation of concerns, and element portability. It covers the main web components APIs including templates, imports, shadow DOM, and custom elements. Templates allow declaring reusable DOM fragments. Imports allow loading additional HTML documents. Shadow DOM encapsulates DOM parts and prevents style leakage. Custom elements enable extending or creating custom HTML elements. While browser support is still developing, web components offer powerful tools for building reusable components in a standardized way.
This document discusses the Document Object Model (DOM) and HTML DOM. It defines the DOM as a W3C standard that defines how programs can access and update the content, structure, and style of documents. The HTML DOM is the standard object model for HTML documents that defines HTML elements as objects that can be manipulated with properties, methods, and events. It presents the DOM as a tree structure and discusses how to locate, change, and add/delete HTML elements using the HTML DOM programming interface in JavaScript.
The document provides an overview of HTML5 and how to build web applications with it. Some key points covered include:
- HTML5 is the latest version of HTML and supports new elements, tags, and attributes
- HTML5 pages can be built by writing code between angle brackets and saving it as a file with an .html extension
- CSS can be used to style HTML5 pages through selectors, properties, and linking external style sheets
- JavaScript adds interactivity by manipulating the DOM and creating dynamic content
- Features like forms, multimedia, and drag-and-drop are improved in HTML5 for building robust web applications
This document outlines the modules and content covered in a JavaScript and ExtJS training course. Module 1 covers the basics of JavaScript, including elements of a JavaScript program, statements, functions, objects, arrays, and events. Module 2 provides an introduction to ExtJS and its fundamental classes. Module 3 continues ExtJS coverage, focusing on components, data stores, templates, and classes. Module 4 covers internationalization, drag and drop, common components like grids and trees, and application best practices in ExtJS. The objectives are to learn how to write JavaScript code using basic elements and create windows/dialog boxes, use built-in objects, handle events, manipulate forms, and integrate JavaScript with Java.
JavaScript allows for dynamic web pages and client-side form validation. It is embedded in HTML using <script> tags and can be stored in external .js files. Functions are commonly used in JavaScript. If/else statements and operators allow for conditional logic. AJAX enables asynchronous communication with servers. Cookies store small amounts of data in a user's browser.
The document discusses the HTML DOM (Document Object Model). When a web page loads, the browser constructs a DOM tree of objects representing the HTML elements. The DOM allows JavaScript to dynamically access and modify the content, structure, and style of a document. Key points include that the DOM defines HTML elements as objects, their properties and methods, and events. JavaScript can then use the DOM API to modify HTML, add/remove elements, and react to events. The document also covers common JavaScript DOM methods like getElementById and innerHTML as well as control structures like if/else statements, loops, and forms processing.
- JavaScript code can be embedded in HTML files using <script> tags and is used to add dynamic and interactive behaviors to web pages. It is commonly used for form validation, dynamic HTML, and AJAX.
- Functions are commonly used in JavaScript to reuse code. Variables can be declared and used within functions and have limited scope. Operators, if/else statements, and loops allow for conditional logic.
- AJAX allows for asynchronous communication between the browser and server, improving interactivity. Cookies can be used to store small amounts of data on the client-side to remember information between requests.
This document provides an overview and roadmap for building a simple guessing game with JavaScript. It begins with introductions and background on programming concepts. It then outlines the steps to build the game, including generating a random number on page load, accepting user input, checking guesses, and allowing new games. Code examples are provided for functions to generate random numbers and display guesses. Homework extends the game with additional feedback and counting number of guesses. Information is also given on Thinkful's mentorship program for learning to code.
This is the first part (out of two) about basics of JavaScript.
01 What is Dynamic HTML?
02 What is JavaScript?
03 How to JavaScript?
04 JavaScript Syntax
05 JavaScript Basics
06 Conditional Statements
This document discusses component-driven web development and HTML5 Web Components. It defines what components are and their characteristics of being independent, composable, and deployable. It explains how to break a web page into reusable components and represent them as a tree structure. It also covers different types of components, data flow patterns like two-way binding and Flux, and emerging HTML5 Web Component standards like templates, imports, shadow DOM, and custom elements to build encapsulated and reusable components.
Javascript allows adding interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. It is a client-side scripting language that was developed by Netscape to address the limitations of static HTML pages. Javascript events occur when a user interacts with a web page, such as clicking a button. Event handlers in the form of Javascript functions execute in response to these events. Common events include load, click, change, and submit. The Browser Object Model includes objects like window, document, and form that can be manipulated with Javascript to control what happens in the browser.
The document describes the Document Object Model (DOM) and how it allows JavaScript to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of an HTML document. It explains that the DOM represents an HTML document as nodes and objects, which JavaScript can manipulate by accessing and changing the document's properties and methods. The DOM defines elements as objects that JavaScript can select, add, and remove nodes from in order to dynamically modify an HTML document.
JavaScript is a scripting language that allows adding interactivity to HTML pages. It can react to events, read and write HTML elements, validate data, detect the visitor's browser, create cookies, and more. The DOM defines a standard for accessing and manipulating HTML documents. JavaScript uses objects, functions, and prototypes for object-oriented programming. Key concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and abstraction. Events follow the capturing and bubbling phases. JavaScript supports conditionals, loops, functions, scopes, closures, and more.
What is the DOM?
The DOM is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard.
The DOM defines a standard for accessing documents:
"The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document."
The W3C DOM standard is separated into 3 different parts:
Core DOM - standard model for all document types
XML DOM - standard model for XML documents
HTML DOM - standard model for HTML documents
The HTML DOM (Document Object Model)
When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.
The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects.
With the HTML DOM, JavaScript can access and change all the elements of an HTML document.
The document discusses client-side JavaScript and DOM (Document Object Model) manipulation. It covers the window object, DOM programming interface, DOM element types like Node and HTML Element. Methods for accessing elements like getElementById(), getElementsByName(), and querySelector() are explained. Working with element attributes, innerHTML, and traversing the DOM using childNodes and parentNode properties are also summarized. The presentation aims to explain DOM and how JavaScript can be used to get, change, add or remove HTML elements.
React is a popular JavaScript library used to create user interfaces. It was built at Facebook to address challenges with large-scale, data-driven websites. React emphasizes functional programming over object-oriented programming and uses a virtual DOM for faster rendering. As React and related tools evolve, there can be breaking changes between versions that developers must keep up with by checking documentation. React supports code reusability through components and functions.
The document discusses different types of shift registers and counters. It describes serial-in serial-out, serial-in parallel-out, parallel-in serial-out, and parallel-in parallel-out shift registers. It also covers asynchronous and synchronous counters such as ripple counters, up/down counters, and mod-N counters. Diagrams and truth tables are provided to illustrate the working of different shift registers and counters.
The document discusses latches and flip-flops. It describes SR latches and how they can be used to make SR flip-flops. It then discusses different types of flip-flops including D, JK, T flip-flops. It explains how SR flip-flops can be converted to these other flip-flops and discusses issues like race conditions in JK flip-flops and how master-slave flip-flops address this issue.
The document discusses various digital logic circuits including half adders, full adders, parallel adders, subtractors, multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, and decoders. It explains the basic concepts and provides examples of implementing 1-bit, 2-bit, 4-bit, and 8-bit versions of these circuits using logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT. Implementation of higher order multiplexers and decoders using lower order building blocks is also covered.
- A signal is an electromagnetic or electrical current that carries data from one system to another. Signals can be either analog or digital.
- An analog signal has an infinite number of intensity levels over time, while a digital signal can only have a limited number of defined values, often 1 and 0.
- Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits that perform logical operations. Common logic gates include AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR.
This document discusses various data types in C programming language. It begins by defining what a data type is and then provides examples of common data types like char, int, float, and double. It explains that each data type requires a different amount of memory and has an associated range for storing values. The document then provides a table listing the typical ranges and memory requirements for each data type on a 32-bit compiler. It also includes an example C program demonstrating the usage of different data types.
The document provides an introduction to compiler design, including:
- A compiler converts a program written in a high-level language into machine code. It can run on a different machine than the target.
- Language processing systems like compilers transform high-level code into a form usable by machines through a series of translations.
- A compiler analyzes source code in two main phases - analysis and synthesis. The analysis phase creates an intermediate representation, and the synthesis phase generates target code from that.
- XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language that is designed to store and transport data. It was released in the late 1990s and became a W3C recommendation in 1998.
- XML is not meant to display data like HTML, but rather to carry data. It is designed to be self-descriptive, platform independent, and language independent. Tags are defined by the user rather than being predefined.
- A markup language uses tags to highlight or underline parts of a document. Modern markup languages like XML use tags to replace highlighting and underlining.
The <frame> tag in HTML is used to divide the browser window into multiple frames. Each frame displays a separate HTML document and the tags are not supported in HTML5 as frames cause accessibility and usability issues. Frames were commonly used in the past to divide web pages for navigation menus, headers/footers and content but have been replaced by CSS for layout.
Automata theory deals with logic of computation using simple machines called automata. Automata enables understanding how machines compute functions and solve problems. The main concepts are strings, languages, finite automata, regular expressions, and regular grammars. Finite automata recognize patterns in input strings and transition between states, accepting or rejecting strings. Deterministic finite automata (DFAs) uniquely transition to one state for each input, while non-deterministic finite automata (NFAs) can transition to multiple states. Regular expressions and regular grammars also define regular languages recognized by finite automata.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML documents, including how elements are displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. The document discusses various CSS properties such as display, background, border, and their values and usage. CSS can control the layout, formatting, and styles of HTML elements and is commonly used alongside HTML and JavaScript to create visually appealing web pages and user interfaces.
The document discusses memory organization and hierarchy in a computer system. It explains that memory hierarchy is used to minimize access time by organizing memory such that frequently used parts are closer to the CPU. It describes the different levels of memory including main memory, cache memory, and auxiliary memory. It provides details on RAM, ROM, and how the computer starts up using the bootstrap loader stored in ROM. It also discusses associative memory and different mapping techniques used to transfer data between main and cache memory such as direct mapping and set-associative mapping.
The document discusses addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division algorithms for signed binary numbers. It describes the process for each operation step-by-step including comparing sign bits, performing the operation, and determining the final result. Hardware implementations for addition/subtraction and multiplication are also covered, showing how the algorithms can be physically realized using components like registers, adders, and shift registers.
The document discusses microprogrammed control in CPUs. It explains that the control unit can be implemented using either hardwired logic or microcode. Microprogramming allows flexible control by storing sequences of microoperations in a control memory. It describes the components of a CPU like registers, ALU, and buses. Common microoperations like push/pop on a register stack are also summarized.
This document discusses register transfer and microoperations. It defines registers, their designations, and how information is transferred between registers. A microoperation is an elementary operation performed on data stored in registers, such as shift, count, clear, and load. Information can be transferred between registers using a replacement operator like R2<-R1. Control functions with conditions like if P=1 can control when a transfer occurs. The document also discusses arithmetic microoperations like addition, subtraction, incrementing and decrementing registers. Binary adders and arithmetic circuits are shown for implementing addition and subtraction.
Testing web applications presents unique challenges compared to traditional software testing. Key areas for web application testing include functionality, user interface, navigation, forms, browser compatibility, security, performance via load and stress testing, databases, and metrics. Thorough testing is needed to ensure applications work across different devices, browsers, and environments with varying bandwidths and firewalls. Web application testing aims to evaluate the application's usability, response time, and ability to handle traffic spikes while providing accurate information to users.
Unit testing involves testing individual software units or modules independently. Integration testing combines units and tests their interfaces and interactions. System testing evaluates the full system against requirements. Acceptance testing is done by customers to determine if they will accept the final product. There are four levels of testing - unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing - each with specific objectives to test the software at different stages.
This document discusses various functional testing techniques, including:
- Boundary value analysis, which tests inputs at minimum, maximum, and nominal values to find faults.
- Equivalence class testing, which divides the input domain into classes and tests one representative from each class.
- Decision table testing, which represents logical relationships between inputs and outputs in a table to derive test cases.
The techniques aim to design test cases that have a higher probability of failure and cover all possible program functionality through a black box approach. Functional testing treats the program as a black box and ignores internal structure.
- "Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding faults."
- Good testing involves more than just executing a program a few times, including testing all possible paths and inputs. However, exhaustive testing of everything is impossible due to constraints.
- The costs of fixing errors increases drastically from early phases like specification to later phases like testing and maintenance. Early testing helps find errors at lower cost.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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2. DHTML Tutorial
• DHTML stands for Dynamic Hypertext
Markup language i.e., Dynamic HTML.
• Dynamic HTML is not a markup or
programming language but it is a term that
combines the features of various web
development technologies for creating the
web pages dynamic and interactive.
• The DHTML application was introduced by
Microsoft with the release of the 4th version
of IE (Internet Explorer) in 1997.
3. Components of Dynamic HTML
• DHTML consists of the following four
components or languages:
1. HTML 4.0
2. CSS
3. JavaScript
4. DOM.
4. • HTML 4.0
• HTML is a client-side markup language, which
is a core component of the DHTML.
• It defines the structure of a web page with
various defined basic elements or tags.
• CSS
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet, which
allows the web users or developers for
controlling the style and layout of the HTML
elements on the web pages
5. • JavaScript
• JavaScript is a scripting language which is
done on a client-side.
• The various browser supports JavaScript
technology.
• DHTML uses the JavaScript technology for
accessing, controlling, and manipulating the
HTML elements.
• The statements in JavaScript are the
commands which tell the browser for
performing an action.
6. • DOM
• DOM is the document object model.
• It is a w3c standard, which is a standard
interface of programming for HTML.
• It is mainly used for defining the objects and
properties of all elements in HTML
7.
8. DHTML JavaScript
• JavaScript can be included in HTML pages,
which creates the content of the page as
dynamic.
• We can easily type the JavaScript code within
the <head> or <body> tag of a HTML page.
• If we want to add the external source file of
JavaScript, we can easily add using the <src>
attribute.
• Following are the various examples, which
describes how to use the JavaScript
technology with the DHTML:
10. • Example 1: The following example simply uses
the document.write() method of JavaScript in
the DHTML.
• In this example, we type the JavaScript code in
the <body> tag.
11.
12.
13. JavaScript and HTML event
• A JavaScript code can also be executed when
some event occurs.
• Suppose, a user clicks an HTML element on a
webpage, and after clicking, the JavaScript
function associated with that HTML element is
automatically invoked. And, then the
statements in the function are performed.
14. The following example shows the current date
and time with the JavaScript and HTML event
(Onclick).
• In this example, we type the JavaScript code in
the <head> tag.
15.
16.
17. • In the above code, we displayed the current
date and time with the help of JavaScript in
DHTML.
• In the body tag, we used the anchor tag,
which refers to the page itself.
• When you click on the link, then the function
of JavaScript is called.
• In the JavaScript function, we use the alert()
method in which we type the date() function.
• The date function shows the date and time in
the alert dialog box on the web page.
18. JavaScript and HTML DOM
• With version 4 of HTML, JavaScript code can
also change the inner content and attributes
of the HTML event.
19. • This example checks the Grade of a student
according to the percentage criteria with the
JavaScript and HTML DOM.
• In this example, we type the code of a
JavaScript in the <body> tag.
20.
21.
22.
23. • In the above code, we check the student’s Grade
with the help of JavaScript in DHTML.
• In the JavaScript code, we used the checkGrade()
method, which is invoked when we click on the
button.
• In this function, we stored the value in variable
p.
• The value is taken in the input field.
• When the value is stored, then we convert the
value of p into integer and store the conversion
value in x, because the value in p is text.
• After that, we used the if-else-if statement for
finding the grade according to the percentage.
24. CSS with JavaScript in DHTML
• With version 4 of HTML, JavaScript code can
also change the style such as size, color, and
face of an HTML element.
25. • Example 1: The following example changes
the color of a text.
26.
27.
28.
29. DHTML DOM
• DHTML DOM stands for Dynamic HTML
Document Object Model.
• It is a w3c standard, which is a standard
interface of programming for HTML.
• It is mainly used for defining the objects and
properties of all elements in HTML.
• It also defines the methods for accessing the
HTML elements.
30. • Example:
• The following program helps in understanding
the concept of DHTML DOM.
• This example changes the color of text and
displays the text in red colour automatically.
33. DHTML Events
• An event is defined as changing the occurrence of
an object.
• It is compulsory to add the events in the DHTML
page.
• Without events, there will be no dynamic content
on the HTML page.
• The event is a term in the HTML, which triggers
the actions in the web browsers.
• Suppose, any user clicks an HTML element, then
the JavaScript code associated with that element
is executed.
• Actually, the event handlers catch the events
performed by the user and then execute the
code.
34. Example of events:
1. Click a button.
2. Submitting a form.
3. An image loading or a web page loading, etc.
35.
36.
37. • Following are the different examples using
the different event handlers, which helps us
to understand the concept of DHTML events:
• Example 1:
• This example uses the onclick event handler,
which is used to change the text after clicking.
38.
39.
40. • Example 2: This example uses the onsubmit
event handler, which gives an alert after
clicking on a submit button.
41.
42.
43. Advantages of DHTML
• Following are the various benefits or the
advantages of DHTML (Dynamic HTML):
1. Those web sites and web pages which are
created using this concept are fast.
2. There is no plug-in required for creating the web
page dynamically.
3. Due to the low-bandwidth effect by the dynamic
HTML, the web page functionality is enhanced.
4. This concept provides advanced functionalities
than the static HTML.
5. It is highly flexible, and the user can make
changes easily in the web pages.
44. Disadvantages of DHTML
• Following are the various disadvantages or
limitations of DHTML (Dynamic HTML):
• The scripts of DHTML does not run properly in
various web browsers. Or in simple words, we
can say that various web browsers do not support
the DHTML. It is only supported by the latest
browsers.
• The coding of those websites that are created
using DHTML is long and complex.
• For understanding the DHTML, users must know
about HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
• If any user does not know these languages, then
it is a time-consuming and long process in itself.
45. • Here are 2 ways to disable a
HTML <a> link/anchor element using
• CSS or
• by using inline JavaScript
50. Document Object Model
• The document object represents the whole
html document.
• When html document is loaded in the
browser, it becomes a document object.
• It is the root element that represents the html
document.
• It has properties and methods.
• By the help of document object, we can add
dynamic content to our web page.
51. Properties of document object
• Let's see the properties of document object
that can be accessed and modified by the
document object.
52.
53. Methods of document object
• We can access and change the contents of
document by its methods.
• The important methods of document object
are as follows:
54.
55. JavaScript - HTML DOM Methods
• HTML DOM methods are actions you can
perform (on HTML Elements).
• HTML DOM properties are values (of HTML
Elements) that you can set or change.
56.
57.
58.
59. Document Object Model
• The document object represents the whole
html document.
• When html document is loaded in the
browser, it becomes a document object.
• It is the root element that represents the html
document.
• It has properties and methods.
• By the help of document object, we can add
dynamic content to our web page.
• As mentioned earlier, it is the object of
window. So
60.
61.
62.
63.
64. Accessing field value by document
object
• In this example, we are going to get the value
of input text by user. Here, we are
using document.form1.name.value to get the
value of name field.
• Here, document is the root element that
represents the html document.
• form1 is the name of the form.
• name is the attribute name of the input text.
• value is the property, that returns the value of
the input text.
65.
66.
67.
68. 2. Javascript - document.getElementsByName()
method
• The document.getElementsByName() method
returns all the element of specified name.
• The syntax of the getElementsByName()
method is given below:
69. • Example of document.getElementsByName()
method
• In this example, we going to count total
number of genders.
• Here, we are using getElementsByName()
method to get all the genders.
70.
71.
72.
73. 3. Javascript -
document.getElementsByTagName() method
• The document.getElementsByTagName() met
hod returns all the element of specified tag
name.
• The syntax of the getElementsByTagName()
method is given below:
74. • Example of
document.getElementsByTagName() method
In this example, we going to count total
number of paragraphs used in the document.
To do this, we have called the
document.getElementsByTagName("p")
method that returns the total paragraphs.
95. Finding HTML Elements by Class
Name
• If you want to find all HTML elements with the
same class name,
use getElementsByClassName().
• This example returns a list of all elements
with class="intro".
113. Difference between HTML and
DHTML
HTML (Hypertext Markup language) DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup
language)
1. HTML is simply a markup
language.
1. DHTML is not a language, but it is a set
of technologies of web development.
2. It is used for developing and
creating web pages.
2. It is used for creating and designing
the animated and interactive web sites
or pages.
3. This markup language creates
static web pages.
3. This concept creates dynamic
web pages.
4. It does not contain any server-side
scripting code.
4. It may contain the code of
server-side scripting.
5. The files of HTML are stored with
the .html or .htm extension in a
system.
5. The files of DHTML are stored
with the .dhtm extension in a
system.
121. Explanation of Code:
• The above code is a HTML and JavaScript based code.
• We have used a div tag having div id = parent and
within div we have nested a button having button id =
child
• Now, within the JavaScript section, we have assigned
the html elements (p1 and c1) using the querySelector
() function to the variable parent and child.
• After that, we have created and included an event
which is the click event to both div element and child
button. Also created two functions that will help us to
know the sequence order of the execution of the
parent and child. It means if the child event is invoked
first, "child is invoked" will be printed otherwise
"parent is invoked" will get printed.
122. • Thus, when the button is clicked, it will first
print "child is invoked" which means that the
function within the child event handler
executes first. Then it moves to the invocation
of the div parent function.
• The sequence has taken place due to the
concept of event bubbling. Thus, in this way
event bubbling takes place.
127. CSS Transition
• The CSS transitions are effects that are added
to change the element gradually from one
style to another, without using flash
or JavaScript.
• You should specify two things to
create CSS transition.
1. The CSS property on which you want to add
an effect.
2. The time duration of the effect.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132. Change Several Property Values
• The following example adds a transition effect
for both the width and height property, with a
duration of 2 seconds for the width and 4
seconds for the height:
139. CSS Multiple Transition Effect
• It is used to add transition effect for more
than one CSS property.
• If you want to add transition effect on more
than one property, separate those properties
with a comma.
• Let's take an example. Here, the transition
effects on width, height and transformation.
140.
141.
142.
143. CSS filter
• CSS filters are used to set visual effects to text,
images, and other aspects of a webpage.
• The CSS filter property allows us to access the
effects such as color or blur, shifting on the
rendering of an element before the element
gets displayed.
• The syntax of CSS filter property is given
below.
144.
145. brightness()
• As its name implies, it is used to set the
brightness of an element.
• If the brightness is 0%, then it represents
completely black, whereas 100% brightness
represents the original one.
• It can also accept values above 100% that
provide brighter results.
• We can understand it by using the following
illustration.
146.
147.
148. blur()
• It is used to apply the blur effect to the
element.
• If the blur value is not specified, then the
value 0 is used as a default value.
• The parameter in blur() property does not
accept the percentage values. A larger value of
it creates more blur.
151. grayscale()
• It converts the input image into black and
white.
• 0% grayscale represents the original one,
whereas 100% represents completely
grayscale.
• It converts the object colors into 256 shades
of gray.
152.
153.
154. sepia()
• It is used to transform the image into a sepia
image.
• 0% value represents the original image,
whereas the 100% value indicates the
completely sepia.
155.
156.
157. hue-rotate()
• It applies a hue-rotation on the input image.
Its perimeter value defines the number of
degrees around the color circle; the image will
be adjusted.
• Its default value is 0 degree, which represents
the original image.
• Its maximum value is 360 degrees.
158.
159.
160. opacity()
• It is used to apply transparency to the input
image.
• Its 0% value indicates completely transparent,
whereas the 100% value represents the
original image, i.e., fully opaque.
161.
162.
163. invert()
• It is used to invert the samples in the input
image.
• Its 100% value represents completely
inverted, and 0% values leave the unchanged
input.
• Negative values are not allowed in it.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168. CSS masking
• The mask property in CSS is used to hide an
element using the clipping or masking the image
at specific points.
• Masking defines how to use an image or the
graphical element as a luminance or alpha mask.
It is a graphical operation that can fully or
partially hide the portions of an element or
object.
• Using masking, it is possible to show or hide the
parts of an image with different opacity levels.
• In CSS, the masking is achieved by using
the mask-image property, and we have to
provide an image as the mask.
• Let's understand it using some illustrations.
169. Example
• In this example, we are placing a mask on the
image element.
• Here, there are two specific images, and we
are applying masking on them, the final image
built by putting the entire mask images
together, stretching them, etc.
170.
171.
172. • There is another example in which we are also
using the images for masking.
• We are using two images in which one of
them is the mask image that contains stripes.
173.
174.
175. CSS Positioning Elements
• The position property in CSS tells about the
method of positioning for an element or an
HTML entity. There are five different types of
position property available in CSS:
1. Fixed
2. Static
3. Relative
4. Absolute
5. Sticky
176. • The positioning of an element can be done
using the top, right, bottom,
and left properties.
• These specify the distance of an HTML
element from the edge of the viewport.
• To set the position by these four properties,
we have to declare the positioning method.
177. • Let’s understand each of these position
methods in detail:
• Fixed: Any HTML element with position:
fixed property will be positioned relative to
the viewport.
• An element with fixed positioning allows it to
remain at the same position even we scroll
the page.
• We can set the position of the element using
the top, right, bottom, left.
178. • Example: The below example illustrates the
CSS positioning element by using the position:
fixed property.
188. 2. Static:
This method of positioning is set by default.
If we don’t mention the method of positioning
for any element, the element has
the position: static method by default.
By defining Static, the top, right, bottom and left
will not have any control over the element.
The element will be positioned with the normal
flow of the page
197. • Relative:
• An element with position: relative is
positioned relatively with the other elements
which are sitting at top of it.
• If we set its top, right, bottom, or left, other
elements will not fill up the gap left by this
element.
198. • Example: The below example illustrates the
CSS positioning element by using the position:
relative property.
199.
200.
201. • Absolute: An element with position:
absolute will be positioned with respect to its
parent.
• The positioning of this element does not
depend upon its siblings or the elements
which are at the same level.
• Example: The below example illustrates the
CSS positioning element by using the position:
absolute property.
202.
203.
204.
205. • Sticky:
• Element with position: sticky and top:
0 played a role between fixed & relative based
on the position where it is placed.
• If the element is placed at the middle of the
document then when the user scrolls the
document, the sticky element starts scrolling
until it touches the top.
• When it touches the top, it will be fixed at that
place in spite of further scrolling.
• We can stick the element at the bottom, with
the bottom property.
206. • Example: The below example illustrates the
CSS positioning element by using the position:
sticky property.
• HTML
214. Class v/s Id
• The selectors in CSS are part of the CSS ruleset
and used to select the content we want to style.
Id and class both are the CSS element selectors
and are used to identify an element based on its
assigned name.
• CSS id and class selectors are the most
used selectors in CSS.
• During the use of selectors, sometimes there is
confusion occurs between id and class.
• Both of them do not have any default styling
information; they require CSS to select them and
apply it to style.
• Although both are used for selecting the
element, they are different from each other in
many ways.
215.
216. ID Selector
• The id selector is used to select the id
attribute of an HTML element for selecting a
particular element.
• An id is always unique within the page, so it is
chosen to select a single, unique element.
• It is written with the hash character (#),
followed by the id of the element
217. In this example, we are selecting the
element with the id "para".
218.
219. Class Selector
• The class selector is used to select
the HTML elements with a specific class
attribute.
• It is written with a period character . (full stop
symbol) followed by the class name.
220.
221.
222. CSS Class Selector for a specific
element
• We can also style the specific element using
the class selector, no matter if it is applied to
different elements.
• If we need to specify that only one specific
HTML element should be affected, we must
use the element name with the class selector.
• It will be clear from the following example.
223.
224. Output
There is another example in which we apply multiple classes on the same element.
Let's see an illustration of the same.
225.
226.
227. Content Type
• Content Type is also known as MIME (Multipurpose
internet Mail Extension)Type. It is a HTTP header that
provides the description about what are you sending to
the browser.
• MIME is an internet standard that is used for extending
the limited capabilities of email by allowing the
insertion of sounds, images and text in a message.
• The features provided by MIME to the email services
are as given below:
1. It supports the non-ASCII characters
2. It supports the multiple attachments in a single
message
3. It supports the attachment which contains executable
audio, images and video files etc.
4. It supports the unlimited message length.