This document provides a review of existing approaches for web service composition. It begins with an introduction and background on key concepts related to web services and composition such as ontologies, semantic web architecture, semantic annotations, reasoners, matching, and quality of service. It then discusses current methods for web service composition, distinguishing between manual/static composition done at design time versus automatic/dynamic composition done at runtime. The document categorizes and compares different composition approaches and aims to help focus future research efforts.
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
Web Services are modular, self-describing, self-contained and loosely coupled applications that can be
published, located, and invoked across the web. With the increasing number of web services available on
the web, the need for web services composition is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, for
answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on existing ones is required.
This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems of recent
years in a distributed and dynamic environment. The various approaches in field of web service
compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper we present a review of existing approaches for
web service composition and compare them among each other with respect to some key requirements. We
hope this paper helps researchers to focus on their efforts and to deliver lasting solutions in this field.
AGENTS AND OWL-S BASED SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY WITH USER PREFERENCE SU...IJwest
Service-oriented computing (SOC) is an interdisciplinary paradigm that revolutionizes the very fabric of
distributed software development applications that adopt service-oriented architectures (SOA) can evolve
during their lifespan and adapt to changing or unpredictable environments more easily. SOA is built
around the concept of Web Services. Although the Web services constitute a revolution in Word Wide Web,
they are always regarded as non-autonomous entities and can be exploited only after their discovery. With
the help of software agents, Web services are becoming more efficient and more dynamic.
The topic of this paper is the development of an agent based approach for Web services discovery and
selection in witch, OWL-S is used to describe Web services, QoS and service customer request. We develop
an efficient semantic service matching which takes into account concepts properties to match concepts in
Web service and service customer request descriptions. Our approach is based on an architecture
composed of four layers: Web service and Request description layer, Functional match layer, QoS
computing layer and Reputation computing layer.
SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES – DISCOVERY, SELECTION AND COMPOSITION TECHNIQUEScscpconf
Web services are already one of the most important resources on the Internet. As an integrated solution for realizing the vision of the Next Generation Web, semantic web services combine semantic web technology with web service technology, envisioning automated life cycle
management of web services. This paper discusses the significance and importance of service
discovery & selection to business logic, and the requisite current research in the various phases of the semantic web service lifecycle like discovery and selection. We also present several different composition strategies, based on current research, and provide an outlook towards critical future work
Semantic web services discovery selection and composition techniquescsandit
Web services are already one of the most important resources on the Internet. As an integrated
solution for realizing the vision of the Next Generation Web, semantic web services combine
semantic web technology with web service technology, envisioning automated life cycle
management of web services. This paper discusses the significance and importance of service
discovery & selection to business logic, and the requisite current research in the various phases
of the semantic web service lifecycle like discovery and selection. We also present several
different composition strategies, based on current research, and provide an outlook towards
critical future work.
Project - UG - BTech IT - Cluster based Approach for Service Discovery using ...Yogesh Santhan
Abstract— Web services that are appropriate to a user specific request are usually not considered in discovering the exact service since they are present without explicit related semantic descriptions. In our approach, we deal with the issue of service discovery provided non-explicit service description semantics that match a particular service request. We propose a system that involves semantic-based service categorization which is performed at the UDDI with a key for achieving the service categorization at functional level based on an ontology skeleton. Also, clustering is used for literally systemizing the web services based on functionality which is achieved by using analytic algorithm. An efficient matching for the relevant services is achieved by the enhancing the service request semantically and involves expanding the additional functionality (obtained from ontology) that are related for the requested service. The pattern recognition algorithm is used to select appropriate service from the cluster formation of related (grouped) web services.
This is my UG Final Year Project - BTech Information Technology.
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
Web Services are modular, self-describing, self-contained and loosely coupled applications that can be
published, located, and invoked across the web. With the increasing number of web services available on
the web, the need for web services composition is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, for
answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on existing ones is required.
This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems of recent
years in a distributed and dynamic environment. The various approaches in field of web service
compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper we present a review of existing approaches for
web service composition and compare them among each other with respect to some key requirements. We
hope this paper helps researchers to focus on their efforts and to deliver lasting solutions in this field.
AGENTS AND OWL-S BASED SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY WITH USER PREFERENCE SU...IJwest
Service-oriented computing (SOC) is an interdisciplinary paradigm that revolutionizes the very fabric of
distributed software development applications that adopt service-oriented architectures (SOA) can evolve
during their lifespan and adapt to changing or unpredictable environments more easily. SOA is built
around the concept of Web Services. Although the Web services constitute a revolution in Word Wide Web,
they are always regarded as non-autonomous entities and can be exploited only after their discovery. With
the help of software agents, Web services are becoming more efficient and more dynamic.
The topic of this paper is the development of an agent based approach for Web services discovery and
selection in witch, OWL-S is used to describe Web services, QoS and service customer request. We develop
an efficient semantic service matching which takes into account concepts properties to match concepts in
Web service and service customer request descriptions. Our approach is based on an architecture
composed of four layers: Web service and Request description layer, Functional match layer, QoS
computing layer and Reputation computing layer.
SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES – DISCOVERY, SELECTION AND COMPOSITION TECHNIQUEScscpconf
Web services are already one of the most important resources on the Internet. As an integrated solution for realizing the vision of the Next Generation Web, semantic web services combine semantic web technology with web service technology, envisioning automated life cycle
management of web services. This paper discusses the significance and importance of service
discovery & selection to business logic, and the requisite current research in the various phases of the semantic web service lifecycle like discovery and selection. We also present several different composition strategies, based on current research, and provide an outlook towards critical future work
Semantic web services discovery selection and composition techniquescsandit
Web services are already one of the most important resources on the Internet. As an integrated
solution for realizing the vision of the Next Generation Web, semantic web services combine
semantic web technology with web service technology, envisioning automated life cycle
management of web services. This paper discusses the significance and importance of service
discovery & selection to business logic, and the requisite current research in the various phases
of the semantic web service lifecycle like discovery and selection. We also present several
different composition strategies, based on current research, and provide an outlook towards
critical future work.
Project - UG - BTech IT - Cluster based Approach for Service Discovery using ...Yogesh Santhan
Abstract— Web services that are appropriate to a user specific request are usually not considered in discovering the exact service since they are present without explicit related semantic descriptions. In our approach, we deal with the issue of service discovery provided non-explicit service description semantics that match a particular service request. We propose a system that involves semantic-based service categorization which is performed at the UDDI with a key for achieving the service categorization at functional level based on an ontology skeleton. Also, clustering is used for literally systemizing the web services based on functionality which is achieved by using analytic algorithm. An efficient matching for the relevant services is achieved by the enhancing the service request semantically and involves expanding the additional functionality (obtained from ontology) that are related for the requested service. The pattern recognition algorithm is used to select appropriate service from the cluster formation of related (grouped) web services.
This is my UG Final Year Project - BTech Information Technology.
Introduction to Service Oriented Architectures, SOAP/WSDL Web Services and RE...ecosio GmbH
In this guest talk, held as part of the Web Engineering lecture series at Vienna University of Technology, we give an overview of the current state of the art in the domain of Web Services.
In the first part we dwell on the main principles of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), followed by an introduction of the three core standards SOAP, WSDL, as well as UDDI. Furthermore, we briefly cover the Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS).
In the second part we focus on principles of RESTful Web Services and the Java API for RESTful Web Services. The lecture is accompanied by practical examples, which are also available on GitHub.
Evaluation of QoS based Web- Service Selection Techniques for Service Composi...Waqas Tariq
In service oriented computing, services are the basic construct that aims to facilitate building of business application in a more flexible and interoperable manner for enterprise collaboration. To satisfy the needs of clients and to adapt to changing needs, service composition is performed in order to compose the various capabilities of available services. With the proliferation of services offering similar functionalities around the web, the task of service selection for service composition is complicated. It is vital to provide service consumers with facilities for selecting required web services according to their non-functional characteristics or quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the process of service selection is complicated due to divergent view of service consumers and service providers on the quality of services. The objective of this paper presents the exploration of various techniques of Quality of Service based Service Selection (QSS) approach in the literature. To evaluate the service selection process, a number of criteria for QSS approach have been identified and presented in this paper.
Survey on Semantic Web Services and its Composition AlgorithmEditor IJMTER
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a collection of services. The
correspondence of these services takes place with one another. In SOA, Web Services are the
most important & promising part. Web services, adopted by Service Oriented Architecture
(SOA), are loosely coupled reusable software components that semantically encapsulate
discrete functionality and are distributed and programmatically accessible over the internet.
Web Service Composition plays an important role in SOA. Web Service Composition may be
dynamic or static. A composition process requires an algorithm to perform composition task.
Now-a-days various approaches for composition algorithm are used as required by research
task. In this study, we have done a survey on various web service composition algorithms.
SOME INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES IN THE DESIGNING OF WEB SERVICES : CASE STUDY ON...ijwscjournal
In today’s environment most of the commercial web based project developed in the industry as well
enumerous number of funded project/and studies taken as part of research oriented initiatives in the
academia suffer from major technical issues as to how design, develop and deploy the Web Services that
can run in variety of heterogeneous environments. In this paper we address the issues of
interoperability between Web Services, the metrics which can be used to measure the interoperability
and simulate the Online shopping application by developing the Credit Card Verification Software
using Luhn’s Mod 10 algorithm having Java Client written in NetBeans and the BankWebService in
C# .NET.
1. Introduction to Web Services
2. Web Service Architecture
3. What are Web Services?
4. Why are Web Services?
5. The base of WS
6. What is SOAP?
7. What is WSDL?
8. How to test a web service?
9. Examples
Similarity measures for web service composition modelsijwscjournal
A Web service composition is an interconnected set of multiple specialized Web service operations, which
complement each other to offer an improved tool capable of solving more complex problems. Manual
design and implementation of Web service compositions are among the most difficult and error prone tasks.
To face this complexity and to reduce errors at design time, the developer can alternatively search and
reuse existing compositions that have solved similar problems. Thus the problem of designing and
implementing Web service compositions can be reduced to the problem of finding and selecting the
composition closest to an initial specification. To achieve this goal, there is the need to define and use
similarity measures to determine how close is a given composition with respect to any given specification.
Comparison of Web service compositions can be done using two possible sources: composition designs
(models), and execution logs of compositions. In particular, in this paper a set of similarity measures are
described for Web service composition models. The main objective is to measure and assess the degree of
closeness between two given compositions of Web services regardless of their modelling language.
WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEWijcseit
Web Services are modular, self-describing, self-contained and loosely coupled applications that can be
published, located, and invoked across the web. With the increasing number of web services available on
the web, the need for web services composition is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, for
answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on existing ones is required.
This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems of recent
years in a distributed and dynamic environment. The various approaches in field of web service
compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper we present a review of existing approaches for
web service composition and compare them among each other with respect to some key requirements. We
hope this paper helps researchers to focus on their efforts and to deliver lasting solutions in this field.
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable
form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
Web Services Discovery and Recommendation Based on Information Extraction and...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various
factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional
textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services
descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this
problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to
keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced.
Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called
symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of
these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
Introduction to Service Oriented Architectures, SOAP/WSDL Web Services and RE...ecosio GmbH
In this guest talk, held as part of the Web Engineering lecture series at Vienna University of Technology, we give an overview of the current state of the art in the domain of Web Services.
In the first part we dwell on the main principles of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), followed by an introduction of the three core standards SOAP, WSDL, as well as UDDI. Furthermore, we briefly cover the Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS).
In the second part we focus on principles of RESTful Web Services and the Java API for RESTful Web Services. The lecture is accompanied by practical examples, which are also available on GitHub.
Evaluation of QoS based Web- Service Selection Techniques for Service Composi...Waqas Tariq
In service oriented computing, services are the basic construct that aims to facilitate building of business application in a more flexible and interoperable manner for enterprise collaboration. To satisfy the needs of clients and to adapt to changing needs, service composition is performed in order to compose the various capabilities of available services. With the proliferation of services offering similar functionalities around the web, the task of service selection for service composition is complicated. It is vital to provide service consumers with facilities for selecting required web services according to their non-functional characteristics or quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the process of service selection is complicated due to divergent view of service consumers and service providers on the quality of services. The objective of this paper presents the exploration of various techniques of Quality of Service based Service Selection (QSS) approach in the literature. To evaluate the service selection process, a number of criteria for QSS approach have been identified and presented in this paper.
Survey on Semantic Web Services and its Composition AlgorithmEditor IJMTER
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a collection of services. The
correspondence of these services takes place with one another. In SOA, Web Services are the
most important & promising part. Web services, adopted by Service Oriented Architecture
(SOA), are loosely coupled reusable software components that semantically encapsulate
discrete functionality and are distributed and programmatically accessible over the internet.
Web Service Composition plays an important role in SOA. Web Service Composition may be
dynamic or static. A composition process requires an algorithm to perform composition task.
Now-a-days various approaches for composition algorithm are used as required by research
task. In this study, we have done a survey on various web service composition algorithms.
SOME INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES IN THE DESIGNING OF WEB SERVICES : CASE STUDY ON...ijwscjournal
In today’s environment most of the commercial web based project developed in the industry as well
enumerous number of funded project/and studies taken as part of research oriented initiatives in the
academia suffer from major technical issues as to how design, develop and deploy the Web Services that
can run in variety of heterogeneous environments. In this paper we address the issues of
interoperability between Web Services, the metrics which can be used to measure the interoperability
and simulate the Online shopping application by developing the Credit Card Verification Software
using Luhn’s Mod 10 algorithm having Java Client written in NetBeans and the BankWebService in
C# .NET.
1. Introduction to Web Services
2. Web Service Architecture
3. What are Web Services?
4. Why are Web Services?
5. The base of WS
6. What is SOAP?
7. What is WSDL?
8. How to test a web service?
9. Examples
Similarity measures for web service composition modelsijwscjournal
A Web service composition is an interconnected set of multiple specialized Web service operations, which
complement each other to offer an improved tool capable of solving more complex problems. Manual
design and implementation of Web service compositions are among the most difficult and error prone tasks.
To face this complexity and to reduce errors at design time, the developer can alternatively search and
reuse existing compositions that have solved similar problems. Thus the problem of designing and
implementing Web service compositions can be reduced to the problem of finding and selecting the
composition closest to an initial specification. To achieve this goal, there is the need to define and use
similarity measures to determine how close is a given composition with respect to any given specification.
Comparison of Web service compositions can be done using two possible sources: composition designs
(models), and execution logs of compositions. In particular, in this paper a set of similarity measures are
described for Web service composition models. The main objective is to measure and assess the degree of
closeness between two given compositions of Web services regardless of their modelling language.
WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEWijcseit
Web Services are modular, self-describing, self-contained and loosely coupled applications that can be
published, located, and invoked across the web. With the increasing number of web services available on
the web, the need for web services composition is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, for
answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on existing ones is required.
This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems of recent
years in a distributed and dynamic environment. The various approaches in field of web service
compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper we present a review of existing approaches for
web service composition and compare them among each other with respect to some key requirements. We
hope this paper helps researchers to focus on their efforts and to deliver lasting solutions in this field.
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable
form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
Web Services Discovery and Recommendation Based on Information Extraction and...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various
factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional
textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services
descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this
problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to
keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced.
Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called
symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of
these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
WEB SERVICES DISCOVERY AND RECOMMENDATION BASED ON INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced. Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
Three Dimensional Database: Artificial Intelligence to eCommerce Web service ...CSCJournals
A main objective of this paper is using artificial intelligence technique to web service agents and increase the efficiency of the agent communications. In recent years, web services have played a major role in computer applications. Web services are essential, as the design model of applications are dedicated to electronic businesses. This model aims to become one of the major formalisms for the design of distributed and cooperative applications in an open environment (the Internet). Current commercial and research-based efforts are reviewed and positioned within these two fields. A web service as a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-process able format (specifically Web Services Description Language WSDL). Other systems interact with the web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards. Particular attention is given to the application of AI techniques to the important issue of WS composition. Within the range of AI technologies considered, we focus on the work of the Semantic Web and Agent-based communities to provide web services with semantic descriptions and intelligent behavior and reasoning capabilities. Re-composition of web services is also considered and a number of adaptive agent approaches are introduced and implemented in publication domain with three dimensional databases and one of the areas of work is eCommerce.
SOME INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES IN THE DESIGNING OF WEB SERVICES : CASE STUDY ON...ijwscjournal
In today’s environment most of the commercial web based project developed in the industry as well enumerous number of funded project/and studies taken as part of research oriented initiatives in the academia suffer from major technical issues as to how design, develop and deploy the Web Services that
can run in variety of heterogeneous environments. In this paper we address the issues of interoperability between Web Services, the metrics which can be used to measure the interoperability and simulate the Online shopping application by developing the Credit Card Verification Software using Luhn’s Mod 10 algorithm having Java Client written in NetBeans and the BankWebService in C# .NET.
Design and Implementation of SOA Enhanced Semantic Information Retrieval web ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
SIMILARITY MEASURES FOR WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION MODELSijwscjournal
A Web service composition is an interconnected set of multiple specialized Web service operations, which complement each other to offer an improved tool capable of solving more complex problems. Manual design and implementation of Web service compositions are among the most difficult and error prone tasks.
To face this complexity and to reduce errors at design time, the developer can alternatively search and reuse existing compositions that have solved similar problems. Thus the problem of designing and implementing Web service compositions can be reduced to the problem of finding and selecting the composition closest to an initial specification. To achieve this goal, there is the need to define and use similarity measures to determine how close is a given composition with respect to any given specification. Comparison of Web service compositions can be done using two possible sources: composition designs (models), and execution logs of compositions. In particular, in this paper a set of similarity measures are described for Web service composition models. The main objective is to measure and assess the degree of
closeness between two given compositions of Web services regardless of their modelling language.
Composite Design Pattern For Feature- Oriented Service Injection And Composit...dannyijwest
With the advent of newly introduced programming models like Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP), we
feel that it will be more flexible to include the new service invocation function into the service providing
server as a Feature Module for the self-adaptive distributed systems. A composite design patterns shows a
synergy that makes the composition more than just the sum of its parts which leads to ready-made software
architectures. In this paper we describe the amalgamation of Visitor and Case-Based Reasoning Design
Patterns to the development of the Service Invocation and Web Services Composition through SOA with the
help of JWS technologies and FOP. As far as we know, there are no studies on composition of design
patterns for self adaptive distributed computing domain. We have provided with the sample code developed
for the application and simple UML class diagram is used to describe the architecture
COMPOSITE DESIGN PATTERN FOR FEATUREORIENTED SERVICE INJECTION AND COMPOSITIO...dannyijwest
With the advent of newly introduced programming models like Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP), we feel that it will be more flexible to include the new service invocation function into the service providingserver as a Feature Module for the self-adaptive distributed systems. A composite design patterns shows a synergy that makes the composition more than just the sum of its parts which leads to ready-made software architectures. In this paper we describe the amalgamation of Visitor and Case-Based Reasoning Design Patterns to the development of the Service Invocation and Web Services Composition through SOA with thehelp of JWS technologies and FOP. As far as we know, there are no studies on composition of design patterns for self adaptive distributed computing domain. We have provided with the sample code developed for the application and simple UML class diagram is used to describe the architecture.
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEWijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
Web service discovery methods and techniques a reviewijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
The semantic Web service discovery has been given massive attention within the last few years. With the
increasing number of Web services available on the web, looking for a particular service has become very
difficult, especially with the evolution of the clients’ needs. In this context, various approaches to discover
semantic Web services have been proposed. In this paper, we compare these approaches in order to assess
their maturity and their adaptation to the current domain requirements. The outcome of this comparison
will help us to identify the mechanisms that constitute the strengths of the existing approaches, and
thereafter will serve as guideline to determine the basis for a discovery approach more adapted to the
current context of Web services.
A Clustering Based Collaborative and Pattern based Filtering approach for Big...IIRindia
With web services developing and aggregating in application range, benefit revelation has turned into a hot issue for benefit organization and service management. Service clustering gives a promising approach to part the entire seeking space into little areas in order to limit the disclosure time successfully. In any case, semantic data is a basic component amid the entire arranging process. Current industrialized Web Service Portrayal Language (WSPL) does not contain enough data for benefit depiction. Thusly, a service clustering technique has been proposed, which upgrades unique WSPL report with semantic data by methods for Connected Open Information (COI). Examination based genuine service information has been performed, and correlation with comparable techniques has additionally been given to exhibit the adequacy of the strategy. It is demonstrated that using semantic data from COI improves the exactness of service grouping. Furthermore, it shapes a sound base for promote thorough preparing with semantic data.
Similar to WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW (20)
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW
1. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
WEB SERVICES COMPOSITION METHODS AND
TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW
Narges Hesami Rostami and Esmaeil Kheirkhah and Mehrdad Jalali
Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University Branch Mashhad, Iran
ABSTRACT
Web Services are modular, self-describing, self-contained and loosely coupled applications that can be
published, located, and invoked across the web. With the increasing number of web services available on
the web, the need for web services composition is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, for
answering complex needs of users, the construction of new web services based on existing ones is required.
This problem is known as web services composition. However, it is one of big challenge problems of recent
years in a distributed and dynamic environment. The various approaches in field of web service
compositions proposed by the researchers. In this paper we present a review of existing approaches for
web service composition and compare them among each other with respect to some key requirements. We
hope this paper helps researchers to focus on their efforts and to deliver lasting solutions in this field.
KEYWORDS
Semantic Web Service, Semantic Similarity, Web Services Composition, Composition Techniques.
1. INTRODUCTION
Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Web Services are presented in the mainstream
scientific and industrial for many years. SOA is an architectural paradigm and interactions or
patterns between them for components of a system. In this architecture, service is a contractually
defined behavior that can be implemented and provided by a component for by using another
component [1].
Web service is a [2]. software component that takes the input data and produces the output data.
Web services are loosely coupling that allows developers to create, generate and compose them at
runtime, interfaces that describe a collection of operations that are network-accessible through
standardized web protocols and its features are described by using a standard eXtensible Markup
Language (XML)-based language. However, Web Services are syntactically usually and
described with standards such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Web Service
Description Language (WSDL) and Universal Description Discovery and Integration(UDDI)) [3].
The description of web service consists of the technical parameters, constraints and policies that
define the terms to invoking service[1].. A web service is defined as a four-tuple WS= (name,
des, In, Out), name represents service name and is used as a unique identifier; des represents the
description of service; In represents the input parameters set of service; and Out represents the
output parameters set of service. The SOAP is a protocol to exchanging structured information in
DOI : 10.5121/ijcseit.2013.3603
15
2. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
a decentralized and distributed environment. WSDL is a XML format for describing the web
services and only describes the syntactic interface of web services that alone cannot be used for
automatic composition of web services. Thus, semantic standard protocols such as WSDL-S
(Web Service Description Language-Semantic), WSMO (Web Service Modeling Ontology),
OWL-S (Ontology Web Language - Service) and SAWSDL (Semantic Annotations for Web
Service Description Language) have been developed for the automatic web service composition
and also UDDI is a virtual registry that exposes information about Web services[4].
In many cases, atomic web service isn’t sufficient to achieving complex needs of the user.
Therefore, web services composition is appropriate solution to finding an optimal composition of
web services to satisfy various user requests using their syntactic and/or semantic features[5]
[6][7].
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section II describes preliminary knowledge and
background for following discussion. Section III we provide a review of some approaches and
current methods and then we categorized all these approaches with respect to some service
composition requirements. Finally, Section IV sums up the conclusion.
2. PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS
This section presents preliminary concepts and background of web service composition.
2.A: Ontology
Ontology is a shared conceptualization of the world. Ontologies provide a common understanding
of a particular domain and also provide a set of well-founded constructs to building meaningful
higher level knowledge for specifying the semantics of terminology systems. In a particular
domain, ontology represents richer language for providing more complex constraints on types of
resources and their properties and usually It expressed with logic-based language, so that
meaningful distinctions can be made among the classes, properties and relations[8].
2.B: Semantic Web Architecture
The Semantic Web identifies a set of technologies, tools and standards that support the vision of
the web associated with meaning form the basic building blocks of an infrastructure. It provides a
process level description for the web service that in addition to functional information have
models the preconditions and post conditions of the process that can be inferred the evolution of
the domain logically. The Semantic Web architecture is composed of a series of standards
organized into a certain structure that is an expression of their interrelationships[8][9].The
Semantic Web enables machines for interpreting, combining and using from data on the Web.
The basis the Semantic Web is computer-understandable descriptions of resources and is used to
adding semantics to Web service technology (e.g. OWL-S, WSDL-S or WSMO etc.). To make
sense of all data and services, semantic web is made on the foundations of logic and knowledge
representation to help computers for finding the right information[10]and also introduces
framework for semantic description of web services and related aspects[11].
16
3. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
Semantic web services are software components that provide dynamic service discovery,
composition and invocation of web services and facilitate automated handling of web services for
the users. Semantic web and web services are synergistic: the semantic web transforms web into a
repository of computer readable data, while web services provide tools for the automatic using of
that data. Thus, concept of Semantic Web Service (SWS) has been established [12][13].
2 .C: Semantic Annotation
The term “annotation” can denote both the process of annotating and the result of that process. An
annotation attaches some of the data to some of other data. It establishes a relation between the
annotated data and the annotating data within some of contexts[14]. Semantic annotations is to
describing the meaning of certain parts of web information and the meaning of message elements
employed increasingly by web services [8]
2.D: Reasoner
Inference engine is called Reasoner. Reasoner is a software application that obtains new facts or
associations from existing information. The use of Reasoner in semantic web, allows applications
to inquire why a particular conclusion has been reached; this means that semantic applications
provide proof of their conclusions. Nowadays, there are many inference engines i.e. Jena
2.E: Matching
The matching is a correspondence operation between two concepts according to similarity
features that is between them [4].The key of web service selection is service matching. In the
traditional web services matching, service description is based on syntax that has low recall and
precision. But, with the emergence of the Semantic Web, matching algorithms is based on
ontology concept similarity and based on Quality of Service (QoS) optimization mechanism is
regard as the secondary selection strategy to filtrate the candidate services [15].
2.F: Similarity Measure
Similarity is a measure that quantifies the dependency (independency) between two terms or two
concepts. The similarity measure can represent similarity between two documents, two queries or
one document and one query and also is a function that computes the degree of similarity between
a pair of text objects. Two ways to measuring similarity follows:
• Syntactic Similarity Measure
The syntactic similarity feature measures the unifiability of a candidate’s parse tree with the
question’s parse tree and it uses syntactic restrictions as well as lexical measures to compute
the unifiability of critical syntactic participants in the parse trees [16].
17
4. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
• Semantic Similarity Measure
Semantic similarity is the similarity of the action in the candidate sentence to the action asked
in the question and is measured Similarity on main verbs [16]. The semantic similarity
measuring techniques can be classified into three classes as follows: The first and normal way
measures the semantic similarity by using ontology or taxonomy (e.g. WordNet) to calculate
the distance. The second class of techniques uses training corpora and information content
(IC) to estimate the semantic similarity and relatedness between two concepts. In this class,
the techniques use machine learning, statistical-based, rule-based or other corpus-based
approaches. The third class simply includes the techniques that employ a combination form
the first two classes [17].
2.G: Description Languages of Web Services
A web service usually has one or more operations. The input, output, precondition and effects
(IOPE) are generally used to describe web service operation. Moreover, the syntactic name and
the semantic annotation of Web service operation indicate its functionality[18].Thus, languages
such as UDDI, WSDL, SOAP, WSDL-S, OWL-S and so on are define standard ways for service
discovery, description and invocation (message passing). The description of web services is
divided into two groups:
• Syntactic Description
The main goal of syntactic descriptions of web services such as the Web Service Description
Language is to describe interfaces of web services. The web services at the syntactical level
are insufficient for creating meaningful descriptions of web services[19].WSDL does not
support from the specifications of various constraints, management statements, classes of
service, Service Level Agreement (SLAs) and other contracts and protocols between web
services. Thus, the concept of Semantic Web Service (SWS) has been established[20][21].
• Semantic Description
Service descriptions are provided in a semantic framework that is the combination of
ontologies, and also they are used to describing software artefacts. One example of a language
that facilitates capability-driven description of services is OWL-S and other semantic
description languages there are such as WSDL-S, WSMO, SAWSDL and etc.
OWL-S is made based on Web Ontology Language and consists of different Ontologies for
describing Web service. Because OWL-S uses from ontologies to describe web services, web
services and their behavior are become machine interpretable and thus tasks such as discovery
and composition can be automated. OWL-S provide using of three different Ontologies: a
Service Profile that states what the web service does, a Service Model that describe how the
Web service performs the tasks and a Service Grounding that describes how to access the web
service[20].
WSMO is another initiative to develop specifications for SWSs and is a framework for
describing Web services. It consists of four top-entities: Ontology, Web Service, Goal and
18
5. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
Mediator; Ontology provides the terminology that is used by other WSMO elements. Web
Service describes the capabilities, interfaces and internal working of web services. Goal
represents user desires and Mediator provides bridges between different Ontologies. WSMO
uses from a specific designed language that is called Web Service Modeling Language
(WSML) and. Also it contains a grounding feature to link concepts with WSDL data types that
can be achieved automatic invocation [20].
As well as, SAWSDL is a set of extensions for WSDL that provides a standard description
format for Web services. Indeed, SAWS-DL extends WSDL with pointers to semantics that
are crucial for achieving automation. The major technologies for Web services are SOAP and
WSDL[10].Semantic web services combine the semantic web technology with web
service technology, thus it enable automated discovery, selection, composition and
execution of web services[21]. As a result, WSDL solves the need of interoperability in a
technical manner, but is lacks adding semantic information.
2.H: Quality of Services (QoS)
Quality of Service (QoS) defines the non-functional requirements of service such as response
time, price, availability etc. QoS properties are divided into two sub-categories measurable
(throughput, response time, and latency etc.) and non-measureable (reputation and security etc.).
Considering QoS aspects is important when deciding services to include in a service composition
schema[22].
III. WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION: CURRENT METHODS
III. A: Web Service Composition
Web service composition involves the combination of a number of existing web services to
produce a more complex and useful service. The composition of web services is a topic that
attracts the interest of researchers. It offers complex problems process ability even with simple
existing web services while cooperating with each other. Web service composition is an important
technology of SOA that is in a complex and distributed environment and still there are many
potential problems[23]. One of main targets of Web service composition is reusing existing web
services and composing them into a process. Such programs enable user to manually specify a
composition of programs to perform a task, but it is already beyond the human capability to deal
with the whole process manually. Despite all efforts, the web service composition still is a highly
complex task and generally, the complexity comes from the following sources[2]:
• First, the number of web services available on the Web is increasing dramatically during the
recent years and can expect to have a huge repository of web services for searching.
• Second, Web services can be created and updated on the fly, thus the composition systems
needs to detect the updating at runtime.
• Third, Web services can be developed by different organizations that use with different
concept models for description of the web services. However, not exist unique language to
defining and evaluation the Web services.
19
6. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
The variety of composition techniques can be classified according to two approaches. The first is
syntactic composition based on syntactic description and other is semantic composition based on
semantic description. We will see in this section several approaches for web service composition
based on syntactic and web service composition based on semantic and we will discuss their
limitations with regards to its requirements. The overall, the composition of web services can be
done in a static or dynamic way that in the following is described. Web service composition
contains three methods are: Manual/Static Composition, Automatic/Dynamic Composition, Semiautomatic/dynamic or static Composition. Manual/Static Composition is at syntactic groups.
Automatic/Dynamic Composition and Semi-automatic/dynamic/static Composition are at semantic
groups. The service composition consists of four different models[3]: workflow-based, artificial
intelligence (AI) planning-based, semantic- based, and graph-based.
• Manual/Static Composition
The static means that the requester should build an abstract process model before beginning the
composition; the abstract process model includes a set of tasks and their data dependency. Each
task contains a query clause that is used to search the real atomic web service to fulfill the task
[2]. Two possible approaches are currently investigated for the static web service composition.
The first approach, referred to web services orchestration; this approach combines available
web services with adding a central coordinator that is responsible for invoking and combining
the single sub-activities. The second approach, referred to Web services choreography that does
not assume the exploitation of a central coordinator, but it defines complex tasks via the
definitions of the conversation that should be undertaken by each participant [9]. In static
composition, the aggregation of the services is done at design time and composition is
performed manually means that each web service is executed one by one in order to achieve the
desired goal/requirement [24]. This type of composition is not is not flexible. There are many
proposed manual web service composition techniques. These manual techniques are usually
used for designing business processes in workflow management systems. Also different
languages (e.g. BPEL4WS) are proposed for specifying composition. But as it may seem, these
techniques are just usable by software developers, not by end users. In other words, manual
composition of web services needs some programming experiences [25].
To compose services by labor force, traditionally there are two distinct design approaches: topdown and bottom-up. Bottom-up is that, at first, the potential partner WSs is identified (they are
concrete executable services) and then them is connected with specific process logic. Another
one, top-down design, is entirely different. It starts from specifying business process (workflow)
consisted of abstract non-executable activities and subsequently, choosing a fittest concrete
service for each activity. As a fatal drawback, manual composition relatively demands for much
higher cost. Therefore, currently a large proportion of research efforts are dedicated to
automations instead of costly and time-consumed manual composition that is trying to
thoroughly eliminate human intervention. The research concerns of automatic composition are
various technical aspects regarding how to automatically and efficiently generate composite
services that exactly meet the expectations of requesters[26]. Today, a lot of techniques are
proposed for manual service composition (e.g. workflow management systems). But creating
composite services manually is hard and time consuming task for the user.
20
7. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
Dong and YU et al [27] proposes static framework and a method to model the workflow of web
service composition based on BPEL using High-level Petri Nets(HPNs). The corresponding
HPN is constructed by analyzing the structure of web service composition based on BPEL. The
relationship between BPEL conceptions and HPNs is specified in four levels that are interservice, intra-service, inter-activity and intra-activity. The verification process of composition of
WSs is using HPN. After translation, the equivalent HPN of the web service composition based
on BPEL can be verified based on existing tools.
Hamadi and Benatallah[28] propose a Petri net-based algebra for web service composition.
This proposed approach is a static approach for web service composition. Any web service
expressed by using the algebra constructs that can be translated into a Petri net representation.
The Petri net represents the behavior of a service and contains one input place for absorbing
information contains and so one output place is for emitting information. The algebra allows the
creation of new value-added web services using existing ones as building blocks. They use from
a formal model for verification of properties and the detection of inconsistencies both within
and between web services.
• Automatic/Dynamic Composition
The dynamic composition creates process model and selects atomic services automatically and
requires the requester to specify several constraints including the dependency of atomic, the
user’s preference and so on[2] Since, Manual web service composition is time-consuming and
hard task, the automatic or computer aided (semiautomatic) composition of web services is a
recent trend. Also the need for automatic composition of web services with the increasing
number of web services available on the internet is become more and more important[29]. The
automation[2]means that either the method can generate the process model automatically or the
method can locate the correct services if an abstract process model. For automatic web service
composition, Semantic web is proposed. Ontology is used to give well-defined meaning to the
semantic web [25]. Semantic web service composition [13] is a feature that improves the
flexibility of the system. An automatic web service composer should compose ‘‘right” services
in a composition according to the user’s specification. The ability of automatic composition of
web service for creating a new composite web service is one of the key features for the future of
the semantic web. Furthermore, composite web services [30] are dynamic that their
components can be automatically selected at run-time based on specific requests. Mostly
automatic composition techniques are either interface based or functionality based. In interface
based composition, inputs and outputs through interfaces of users obtains composite web
services and after composition the desired results are achieved. The drawback of it this is that
functionality is not guaranteed, whereas in functionality based composition, user provides the
formula that explains logic with interface information. Most of these methods are based on
Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning [24]. There are many problems in artificial intelligence that
are very similar to the automatic web service composition: artificial intelligence planning,
automatic software generation, automatic workflow generation, logical deduction, etc [25]. In
automatic composition of web service agents are used to select a web service that may be
composed of multiple web services, but from user’s viewpoint, it is considered as a atomic
service [31]. There are some successful methods for automatic web service composition that the
following mentioned:
21
8. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
Talantikite et al[4] present a model automatic for Web Services Discovery and its Composition.
In order to understandable descriptions, Semantic Annotation is used for web service Discovery
and composition. The proposed approach uses from an inter-connected network of semantic Web
services describing in OWL-S using the similarity measure between concepts like pellet before
any submitted request. Their proposed approach gives several composition types: serial,
dependent parallel and independent parallel. The Semantic Network is explored in backward
chaining and depth-first in a single pass. At the end, are obtained several composition plans that
satisfy the request and only one optimal composition plan using QoS is returned to the requester.
Paikari and Livani et al [13] proposed an automatic framework for composition of semantic
web services in P2P network and they use from an algorithm that is based on a phased algorithm
that the composition is done step to step. This algorithm matches the output of semantic web
services of the previous phase with a new one whose inputs using Matchmaking. The framework
is modeled by Multi-agent System Engineering methodology which is a famous agent oriented
methodology and a top-down approach. This approach is consist four agents: UI Provider ,
Service Finder, Service Provider and Composer. For describing web services has been used from
OWL. The composition process is performed through several steps. At each step composer sends
its request for proper next web service to a service finder.
Shanfeng and Xinhuai et al [29] presented a mechanism to classify web services into different
types based on function automatically and then they design a web services composition system
based on service classification and AI Planning that consists of two main parts: service
management sub-system and service provision sub-system. The service management part is based
on the service classification management mechanism and service provision part is to meet the
need of users’ request by AI Planning. Also they focused on the classification of Web services.
In this process, they compare web service instance with existing web service types by computing
their similarity with comparing their semantic descriptions and then they designed a service
management system that is a part of their service composition system. Finally according to user’s
request as input, using AI Planning Engine have generated a suitable composition plan for meet
user’s request.
Van and Zhijian et al[ 21 ]a new dynamic composition algorithm of semantic web service based
on QoS ontology is proposed. Whereof, QoS ontology is an essential component because it
provides non-functionality aspects of service. For this reason, they are present a hierarchical QoS
ontology QoSHOnt which is consists of three layers: upper, middle and lower. Their algorithm
chooses the best service according to the quality of service.
YAN and XUE et al [32] was asses sed web services ontology and Ant Colony (AC) algorithm.
They proposed a method of composition of semantic web services that is based on AC algorithm.
Then, they generate a graph of input and output of semantic web services by using this method.
Then the composition of web services is transformed into finding a satisfying path in the graph.
They focus on the quality and efficiency of composition of web services that is based on users’
requests in the field of dynamic composition of web services and OWL-S is used for description
of web services and their relationships. This paper proposes an optimal AC algorithm for
composition of web services to ensure that the best composition of web services can be gotten in
less time.
22
9. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
• Semi-automatic/dynamic or static Composition
Semi-automatic composition is the same automatic composition, but with the difference that
according to the different conditions, it chooses different processes to accomplish goals. In this
processes, the fixed processes and implementation of processes can be variability reflects the
semi-automatic feature [32].
Wang and Guttula et al [18] presented a semi-automatic approach for web service composition
that including both data mediation and service suggestion algorithms. This paper seeks to aid
users trying to compose web services into a process by providing service suggestions. A graph
IODAG (Input Output Directed Acyclic Graph) is defined to formalize an input/output schema of
a Web service operation. Three data mediation algorithms leaf-based, structure-based and pathbased are developed to address data heterogeneities in process design. For adding semantic
description into web services have used from Semantic Annotation for WSDL and XML Schema.
This approach utilized various types of annotations and QoS. Finally they have developed a data
mediation approach that tries to find automatically the optimal mappings between outputs and
inputs. And finally came to the conclusion that path-based algorithm is best data mediation
algorithm from other two algorithms.
Adrian et al [33] present a semi-automatic approach. In their proposed approach the composition
is done in a fractal manner using existing web service chains that can easily be incorporated in
new web service chains. All web service chains in this framework are described using Web
Service Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) and be used as building blocks to
create new service chains. All services are managed by intelligent agents. Besides the intelligent
agents, other components of their framework are the annotated web services semantically. In this
approach, existing web service chains are combined in a fractal like manner to easily create new
and more complex web service chains.
Talib et al [34] have suggested a method that semi-automatically generate static web service
composition in BPEL4WS language. Their proposed system captures minimum necessary
information from the user and stores them in a relational model and also captures the information
required to develop the composition from the composition modeler and WSDL interfaces of the
collaborating partners. Finally the transformation algorithm with all captured information is
applied to map from relational to BPEL model.
Chan et al [35] provided a dynamic web service composition with verification of Petri-Nets and
their proposed approach is a semi-automatic approach. Their method is based on two standard
web service languages that are WSDL and WSCI and composes the Web services with the
information provided by these two standards; WSDL describes the entry points for each available
service and WSCI (Web Service Choreography Interface) describes the interactions among
WSDL operations. After the composition, they verify the web service to be deadlock free with
modeling the Web service as a Petri-Net. In this approach, they use from N-version Programming
web for composing web services to improve the reliability of the overall system. Then, the
composition of the Web service with the information obtained in the composition procedure is
performed and produced the Web services composition with the Best Route Finding system
(BRF). Finally, Petri-Net is employed to verify the correctness of the composed web service.
3 .B: Summary
23
10. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
According to studied papers, various parameters are effective in the field of web service
composition. We classify papers by using these parameters that have been shown in Table 1. One
of the most effective parameters in composition of web services is composition type. The
composition types are syntactic and semantic that is discussed in section III. In [27], [28] is used
from syntactic composition type; in this way the composition is performed manually. But, manual
composition is time-consuming and hard task. Therefore in [4], [13], [29], [21], [32] are used
from semantic to resolve disadvantages of manual composition that its composition manner is
automatic and is not required to user intervention for performing composition. Static and
Dynamic composition are two type of strategy that be discussed in section III. In static
composition, composition of web services is performed in design time that is required to user
intervention, whereas dynamic composition is performed in run time and is not required to user
intervention. Other type of composition manner is semi-automatic. In this case, the composition
strategy is either static or dynamic. In [18], [33], have been presented a semi-automatic/static
composition and in [34] is presented the semi-automatic/dynamic composition. In each of papers
is used from tools for composition of web service and standard languages such as wsdl, owl-s and
etc for description of web services. The overall, we summarize overall framework in table 1 and
so we classify the advantages and disadvantages of each reviewed paper and their characteristics
in table 2.
24
11. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
Table 1: Characteristics Reviewed Approaches of web service composition
25
12. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
Composition
Approach
Advantages
Based on
HPN
Optimized composition plan
Based on
Petri net
Use of algebra for Semantic
description web services, verification
of properties and the detection of
inconsistencies both within and
between services, Avoiding deadlock
semantic annotations, dynamic and
automatic composition, Lack of user
intervention, composition plan several
creation
according to Quality of
Service, Semantic Network creation,
Prevent deadlocks using Petri-Net
Semantic approach, Flexible, Hide
the searching complexity from the
user using MaSE
Based on
Semantic
annotations
Based on
Multi-Agent
Based on
Artificial
intelligence
Based on
QoS Ontology
Based on
Ant Colony
Based on
Suggestions
Based on
Fractal manner
Automatic and dynamic composition,
Easier manage large numbers of web
services and retrieve them, Lack of
user intervention,
efficient and
scalable
Automatic and dynamic composition,
Consideration Quality of Service,
selection the best service according to
the quality of service, execution
service composition instantaneously
without predefined
template,
Reduction service composite time
Automatic and dynamic composition,
The use of graph structure and ,
semantic description for web service
composition, high successful rate of
services composition, ensuring of the
quality and
efficiency
of
composition, reduction time for best
composition
Use of graph structure, the use of
SAWSDL for semantic description,
Semi-automatic approach
Semi-automatic, Consideration
Quality of Service, the use of agentbased, reduction of the development
Disadvantages
Static and Manual composition, timeconsuming task, human intervention,
non-automatic
Static and Manual composition, time
consuming task, human intervention,
non-automatic, The lack of an optimal
combination of plan Checking
High Storage space, time-consuming,
Performance
decreases
with
increasing number of web services,
Increase response time to requests
Requires high analysis,
Do web
service composition as step by step,
lack of selection an optimal
combination
lack of selection an optimal
combination, Ignoring the Quality of
Service
the
template
needs
people's
intervention, Reduction degree of
automation of service composition
Lack of Consideration Quality of
Service
High storage space, Ignoring the
Quality of Service, Performance
decreases with increasing number of
web services, Lack of fully semantic
approach
Lack of fully semantic approach,
complexity of the problem
26
13. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
time
Based on
CODE
GENERATION
Based on
verification of
Petri-Nets
Semi-automatic approach, semisemantic description for web
services,
Prevent deadlocks using Petri-Net,
semi-automatic
and
dynamic
composition, selection of an optimal
combination plan
Static composition,
Lack of fully
semantic approach,
Lack of
Consideration Quality of Service, lack
of selection an optimal combination
Lack of fully semantic approach,
Ignoring the Quality of Service
Table 2: Reviewed Approaches Advantages and Disadvantages
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper we described a comparative study of recent approaches for Web Service
composition. We review web service composition models namely, the semantic web service
composition model and syntactic web service composition model; the syntactic composition that
is based on syntactic description and semantic composition that is based on semantic description.
The composition of web Services includes three methods that each of which are belong to
corresponding syntactic or semantic groups are Manual/Static Composition, Automatic-/Dynamic
Composition, Semi-automatic/dynamic or static Composition. In this paper, we provide an
overview of service composition methods and approaches and we discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each investigated paper.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Hadi Saboohi, Amineh Amini, and Hassan Abolhassani, "Failure Recovery of Composite Semantic
Web Services using Subgraph," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and
Communication Engineering 2008, Kuala Lumpur, 2008, pp. 489 - 493.
Jinghai Rao and Xiaomeng Su, A Survey of Automated Web Service Composition Methods.:
Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005, vol. 3387.
YU Qing-mei, WANG Lan, and HUANG Dong-mei, "Fishery Web Service Composition Method
Based on Ontology," Journal of Integrative Agriculture, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 792–799, May 2012.
Hassina Nacer Talantikite, Djamil Aissani, and Nacer Boudjlida, "Semantic annotations for web
services discovery and composition," Computer Standards & Interfaces 31 (2009) 1108–1117, vol.
31, no. 6, pp. 1108-1117, November 2009.
Wonhong Nam, Hyunyoung Kil, and Dongwon Lee, "Type-Aware Web Service Composition Using
Boolean Satisfiability Solver," in 10th IEEE Conference on E-Commerce Technology and the Fifth
IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services, Washington, DC, 2008, pp.
331 - 334.
Mutaz Beraka, Hassan Mathkour, Sofien Gannouni, and Hussein Hashimi, "Applications of Different
Web Service Composition Standards," in 2012 International Conference on Cloud Computing and
Service Computing, Shanghai, 2012, pp. 180 - 185.
Pablo Rodriguez Mier, Manuel Mucientes, Manuel Manuel, and Miguel I. Couto, "Composition of
web services through genetic programming," Evolutionary Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 171-186,
December 2010.
Jorge Cardoso, Semantic Web Services: Theory, Tools, and Applications. New York, United States of
America, 2007.
27
14. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
Antonio Bucchiarone and Stefania Gnesi, "A Survey on Services Composition Languages and
Models," in Bucchiarone, Gnesi, 2006, pp. 56-58.
Jacek Kopecky, Tomas Vitvar, Carine Bournez, and Joel Farrell, "SAWSDL: Semantic Annotations
for WSDL and XML Schema," Internet Computing, IEEE, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 60 - 67, 2007.
Toktam Ghafarian and Mohsen Kahani, "Semantic Web Service Composition Based on Ant Colony
Optimization," in Networked Digital Technologies, 2009. NDT '09. First International Conference on,
Ostrava, 2009, pp. 171 - 176.
Yasmine Charif and Nicolas Sabouret, "An Overview of Semantic Web Services Composition
Approaches," Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 146, no. 1, pp. 33-41, January
2006.
Elham Paikari, Emadoddin Livani, Mohammad Moshirpour, Behrouz H Far, and Günther Ruhe,
"Multi-Agent System for Semantic Web Service Composition," in Knowledge Science, Engineering
and Management.: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 305-317.
S Handschuh, "Creating Ontology-based Metadata by Annotation for the Semantic web," Ph.D. thesis,
University of Karlsruhe, 2005.
GUO Song, Xinyang China, and Wuhan China, "A New Approach for Web Service Composition
Based on Semantic," in Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE), 2010
International Conference on, Wuhan, 2010, pp. 1-4.
Abolfazl Keighobadi Lamjiri, Leila Kosseim, and Thiruvengadam Radhakrishnan, "Comparing the
Contribution of Syntactic and Semantic Features in Closed versus Open Domain Question
Answering," in Semantic Computing, 2007. ICSC 2007. International Conference on, Irvine, CA,
2007, pp. 679 - 685.
Hoa A Nguyen and Hisham Al-Mubaid, "New Ontology-based Semantic Similarity Measure for the
Biomedical Domain," in Granular Computing, 2006 IEEE International Conference on, 2006, pp. 623
- 628.
Rui Wang et al., "Web Service Composition using Service Suggestions," in 2011 IEEE World
Congress on Services, Washington, DC, 2011, pp. 482 - 489.
Ahtisham Muhammad Aslam, Jun Shen, and Soren Auer, "An Integration Life Cycle for Semantic
Web Services Composition," in Proceedings of the 2007 11th International Conference on Computer
Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2007, pp. 490 - 495.
Jordy Sangers, Flavius Frasincar, Frederik Hogenboom, and Vadim Chepegin, "Semantic Web service
discovery using natural language processing techniques," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40,
no. 11, pp. 4660–4671, September 2013.
Hai Van, Wang Zhijian, and Lu Guiming, "A Novel Semantic Web Service Composition Algorithm
Based on QoS Ontology," in 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication
Technologies in Agriculture Engineering, vol. 2, Chengdu, 2010, pp. 166 - 168.
Furkh Zeshan and Radziah Mohamad, "Semantic Web Service Composition Approaches: Overview
and Limitations," International Journal on New Computer Architectures and Their Applications, pp.
640-651, 2011.
Hu Yan and Wang Hui, "Constraints in Web Services Composition," in IEEE, Dalian, 2008, pp. 1 - 4.
G Vadivelou and Dr E Ilavarasan, "Solution to Dynamic Web Service Composition related to QoS,"
in Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), 2011 3rd International Conference on, vol. 5,
Kanyakumari, 2011, pp. 351 - 355.
Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, Jafar Habibi, Habib Rostami, and Hassan Abolhassani, "Semantic web
service composition testbed," Computers and Electrical Engineering 36 (2010) 805–817, vol. 36, no.
5, pp. 805–817, September 2010.
Yang Syu, Shang-Pin Ma, Jong-Yih Kuo, and Yong-Yi FanJiang, "A Survey on Automated Service
Composition Methods and Related Techniques," in 2012 IEEE Ninth International Conference on
Services Computing, Honolulu, HI, 2012, pp. 290 - 297.
Wen-Li Dong, Hang YU, and Yu-Bing Zhang, "Testing BPEL-based Web Service Composition
Using High-level Petri Nets," in Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International, Hong Kong, 2006, pp.
441 - 444.
28
15. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.3,No. 6,December 2013
[28] Rachid Hamadi and Boualem Benatallah, "A Petri Net-based Model for Web Service Composition,"
in Australian Computer Society, vol. 17, 2003, pp. 191-200.
[29] Shanfeng Qi, Xinhuai Tang, and Delai Chen, "An Automated Web Services Composition System
Based on Service Classification and AI Planning," in 2012 Second International Conference on Cloud
and Green Computing, Xiangtan, 2012, pp. 537 - 540.
[30] Guisheng Fan, Huiqun Yu, Liqiong Chen, and Dongmei Liu, "Petri net based techniques for
constructing reliable service composition," The Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 86, no. 4, pp.
1089–1106, April 2013.
[31] K Rajeswari, E Jeevitha, Stephy R Graph, and Suresh M Kumar, "Dynamic Web Service
Composition through Network Analysis with Backtracking," Undergraduate Academic Research
Journal (UARJ), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 40-45, 2012.
[32] Kai YAN, Gang XUE, and Shao wen YAO, "An Optimization Ant Colony Algorithm for
Composition of Semantic Web Services," in 2009 Second Asia-Pacific Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Industrial Applications, vol. 2, Wuhan, 2009, pp. 262 - 265.
[33] Cotfas Liviu Adrian, Diosteanu Andreea, and Smeureanu Ion, "Fractal Web Service Composition
Framework," in Communications (COMM), 2010 8th International Conference on, Bucharest, 2010,
pp. 405 - 408.
[34] Muhammad Adeel Talib and Zongkai Yang, "SEMI-AUTOMATIC CODE GENERATION OF
STATIC WEB SERVICES," in Engineering, Sciences and Technology, 2004, pp. 132 - 137.
[35] Pat. P. W. Chan and Michael R. Lyu, "Dynamic Web Service Composition: A New Approach in
Building Reliable Web Service," in 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information
Networking and Applications, Okinawa, 2008, pp. 20 - 25.
29