This document discusses web frameworks, including what they are, popular examples, and their advantages and disadvantages. A web framework provides a predefined structure and tools to support web application development. Frameworks can range from passive (just files) to active (automatically generating code). Popular frameworks include Django, Ruby on Rails, Flask, and Angular. Frameworks can increase productivity but also require learning and may reduce flexibility. Future frameworks will aim to be more dynamic and easy to use.

1. WEB
FRAMEWORKS

2. Contents
• Introduction
• What is a web framework?
• Degrees of activeness web frameworks
• Some most popular web frameworks
• Who should use a framework?
• Advantages of using a framework
• Disadvantage of using a framework
• Future of web frameworks
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3. Introduction
In the very beginning the web was very static. Users couldn’t interact much with the contents. The
author had to edit the page locally and upload it to the server. To get rid of this manual work the
Common Gateway Interface standard was created for interfacing external applications with web
servers. CGI created a new process for each request to the server, that resulting in heavy load on
server. Then the idea of web framework came out.
3Fig: Time line of web history

4. What is a web framework?
• A web framework or web application framework is a software framework that is designed to
support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and
web APIs.
• Typically a framework provides a predefined structure for the application.
• The framework can be seen as a base or a skeleton to build upon
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5. Degrees of activeness web frameworks
Results of the evaluation shows that the frameworks have different degrees of activeness. It has been
categorized in three types of degree and those are
• Passive framework - are frameworks that are just a bunch of files to start working from. Unpack and one
is ready to create a project from it.
• Semi-active framework - are frameworks that can generate code from one's existing code by a command
from the developer. Some of these frameworks can also create whole new projects from the developers
command, with or without options.
• Active framework - are frameworks which got what semi-active frameworks got and also are working in
the background by writing/creating/generating code automatically without any command from the
developer.
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6. Some most popular web frameworks
• Django
• Ruby on Rails
• Flask
• Laravel
• Angular
• Express JS
• Angular JS
• Symfony
• Web2py
• jQuery
And many more
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7. Who should use a framework?
Every framework might aim for different goals, but the general aim is supporting developers in their
work of creating an application with as little effort as possible.
It can also help learning a design pattern. A beginner will not feel that the framework is getting in
the way as much as an experienced developer. An experienced developer already knows the basics
and how everything functions and the various parts are connected.
Experienced developers are more likely work on more advanced projects where a framework might
not be suitable.
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8. Advantages of using a framework
These are the major benefits of using a framework:
• Reuse of working code that has already been built, tested, and used by others
• Increases reliability and reduces developing time.
• Time is major cost in software development and by decreasing time one can cut costs.
• Get (free) help from others. one will get (free) "outsourcing" from skilled developers.
• Basic tasks, like login and database handling, can be in the framework and separated in another
layers is business logic.
• By upgrading one's framework it might give extra features without extra implementation.
• It helps new inexperienced developers to easier adopt design patterns and understand the
thinking behind following a design pattern.
• A framework can help beginners to have a steeper learning-curve.
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9. Disadvantage of using a framework
Everything with a framework is not on the positive side. Here are some of the most common
negative aspects:
• To be able to use the framework at its best, it often requires significant education and experience,
in other words long learning curve.
• Performance might be suffering from common code that is built to handle as much as possible,
and is not optimized for a specific task.
• If a bug or a security risk in the framework is found it will be in all applications using the
framework.
• Some framework are very stiff and do not give the developer enough flexibility needed for some
applications.
• Building from scratch often gives a feeling of more productive which can make the developer
more peaceful and less feeling of being stuck and thereby more creative and less bored.
• If using a design pattern, like MVC, it might compartmentalize towards a fault, since it may use six
or seven files for showing a simple page.
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10. Future of web frameworks
Right now there are many web frameworks in the marketplace. Each and every framework has
something unique. But still there is competition among them. So the author or the companies are
developing their frameworks each and every time. They are making it more dynamic and easy to
understand.
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