The document discusses the three main types of weathering that rocks undergo: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through forces like frost cracking, but does not alter the chemical composition. Chemical weathering changes the minerals within rocks through reactions with water and acids that decompose them. Biological weathering occurs as organisms break rocks down physically and chemically.
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through physical processes like frost wedging and the accumulation of rock debris called talus at the base of cliffs. Chemical weathering alters the internal structure of minerals by removing or adding elements. Mechanical weathering occurs through physical forces while chemical weathering transforms rocks into new compounds. The rates of weathering are affected by frost wedging, unloading of pressure on rock surfaces, and biological activity.
Mechanical, chemical, and biological processes all contribute to weathering of rocks. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks down physically through freezing and thawing of water or expansion and contraction from temperature changes. Chemical weathering uses chemical reactions like oxidation and hydrolysis that break bonds between minerals, especially when aided by water. Biological weathering is caused by living organisms like plant roots that grow into cracks and widen them over time.
The document discusses the different types of weathering that affect rocks on Earth. It describes three main types of weathering: physical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks rocks through temperature changes and the growth of plant roots. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with water and oxygen. Biological weathering disintegrates rocks through the action of plant roots and burrowing animals. The weathering of rocks is an ongoing natural process that changes the surface of the Earth over time.
The document discusses the two main types of weathering - chemical and mechanical. Chemical weathering involves changing the minerals in rocks through processes like acid etching and oxidation. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into fragments without changing their chemical makeup, through processes like frost wedging and abrasion. Weathering breaks rocks down, while erosion involves their removal and transport by agents such as water, wind, waves and glaciers. The document provides examples of different geological processes and asks the reader to identify if they involve weathering, erosion, or both.
The document discusses three main types of coastal weathering that break down rocks and form sediment: physical/mechanical weathering through heat, water, ice and pressure; chemical weathering through atmospheric and biological chemicals; and biological weathering through organisms like trees and vegetation. Physical weathering includes frost wedging when water in cracks freezes and expands, cracking the rock, and thermal expansion through daily heating and cooling cycles. Chemical weathering decomposes and dissolves rocks through chemical processes.
Chemical and biological weathering lesson 5Ms Geoflake
Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks through chemical processes involving water and atmospheric gases. The main types of chemical weathering are oxidation, hydration, hydrolysis, carbonation, and solution. These processes weaken rocks through reactions with water and acids. Chemical weathering is common in warm, humid climates and produces dull, pitted rock surfaces.
Physical weathering breaks rock down through physical processes like freezing, thawing and abrasion without chemical change. Chemical weathering breaks rocks down through chemical processes that require water and result in new mineral compositions. While physical weathering degrades a rock's physical structure through forces like friction, chemical weathering alters its chemical composition on a molecular level through ion exchange reactions. Both processes weaken and wear away rocks over time, contributing to landscape changes.
The document discusses the three main types of weathering that rocks undergo: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through forces like frost cracking, but does not alter the chemical composition. Chemical weathering changes the minerals within rocks through reactions with water and acids that decompose them. Biological weathering occurs as organisms break rocks down physically and chemically.
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through physical processes like frost wedging and the accumulation of rock debris called talus at the base of cliffs. Chemical weathering alters the internal structure of minerals by removing or adding elements. Mechanical weathering occurs through physical forces while chemical weathering transforms rocks into new compounds. The rates of weathering are affected by frost wedging, unloading of pressure on rock surfaces, and biological activity.
Mechanical, chemical, and biological processes all contribute to weathering of rocks. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks down physically through freezing and thawing of water or expansion and contraction from temperature changes. Chemical weathering uses chemical reactions like oxidation and hydrolysis that break bonds between minerals, especially when aided by water. Biological weathering is caused by living organisms like plant roots that grow into cracks and widen them over time.
The document discusses the different types of weathering that affect rocks on Earth. It describes three main types of weathering: physical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks rocks through temperature changes and the growth of plant roots. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with water and oxygen. Biological weathering disintegrates rocks through the action of plant roots and burrowing animals. The weathering of rocks is an ongoing natural process that changes the surface of the Earth over time.
The document discusses the two main types of weathering - chemical and mechanical. Chemical weathering involves changing the minerals in rocks through processes like acid etching and oxidation. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into fragments without changing their chemical makeup, through processes like frost wedging and abrasion. Weathering breaks rocks down, while erosion involves their removal and transport by agents such as water, wind, waves and glaciers. The document provides examples of different geological processes and asks the reader to identify if they involve weathering, erosion, or both.
The document discusses three main types of coastal weathering that break down rocks and form sediment: physical/mechanical weathering through heat, water, ice and pressure; chemical weathering through atmospheric and biological chemicals; and biological weathering through organisms like trees and vegetation. Physical weathering includes frost wedging when water in cracks freezes and expands, cracking the rock, and thermal expansion through daily heating and cooling cycles. Chemical weathering decomposes and dissolves rocks through chemical processes.
Chemical and biological weathering lesson 5Ms Geoflake
Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks through chemical processes involving water and atmospheric gases. The main types of chemical weathering are oxidation, hydration, hydrolysis, carbonation, and solution. These processes weaken rocks through reactions with water and acids. Chemical weathering is common in warm, humid climates and produces dull, pitted rock surfaces.
Physical weathering breaks rock down through physical processes like freezing, thawing and abrasion without chemical change. Chemical weathering breaks rocks down through chemical processes that require water and result in new mineral compositions. While physical weathering degrades a rock's physical structure through forces like friction, chemical weathering alters its chemical composition on a molecular level through ion exchange reactions. Both processes weaken and wear away rocks over time, contributing to landscape changes.
The document discusses the weathering of rocks and soils. It notes that rocks are composed of minerals and broken down through various weathering processes, including physical, chemical and biological weathering. Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes breaking rocks. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions with water that change the composition of rocks. Biological weathering occurs through the action of plants and animals interacting with rocks. Weathering leads to the formation of soil.
A chemical change alters the chemical makeup of a substance, creating a new substance with different properties through a chemical reaction where matter is neither created nor destroyed. Examples of chemical changes include fire and mixing baking soda and vinegar. A physical change only modifies a substance's size, shape, volume, or state of matter without chemically altering its makeup, such as melting ice, breaking glass, or chopping wood.
The presentation discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks through physical or chemical means without transportation, while erosion is the transportation and deposition of weathered materials by agents such as wind, water or ice. The key types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the chemical composition of rocks through processes like oxidation and carbonation.
Weathering is an important geological mechanism which can destabilize the earth’s surface materials and remove them by erosive processes. Weathering is the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of a rock mass on the land. It is a unique phenomena happening on the earth’ surface. Weathering is a collective term used to denote the mechanical, chemical and biological(organic) processes that take place on the earth’s surface. Weathering of rock-forming minerals can create new products from pre-existing rocks. In many regions, soils are the ultimate products of weathering. Weathering of rocks releases chemical compounds that become available for biological processes. It is necessary to study the factors that are influencing the weathering processes.
Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks through the action of living organisms like plants, animals, and microbes. It occurs as roots penetrate rocks to absorb water and nutrients, thereby exerting pressure that cracks rocks apart over time. Microbes and lichen also contribute through chemical reactions, secreting acids or chelating compounds that dissolve rock minerals. While the forces are small, continual effects from a wide variety of organisms gradually cause mechanical and chemical weathering of surface rocks.
The document discusses three main types of coastal weathering: physical/mechanical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks down rocks through direct contact with heat, water, ice, and pressure. Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks from atmospheric or biologically produced chemicals. Biological weathering involves the assistance of organisms like trees and vegetation in breaking down rocks and cliffs.
This document summarizes the key concepts of weathering. It defines weathering as the physical, chemical, and biological breakdown of rocks due to atmospheric forces like wind, water, and glaciers. The three main types of weathering are physical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through frost wedging, wetting and drying, exfoliation, and abrasion. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through oxidation, hydration, carbonation, and acid rain. Biological weathering is caused by organisms like lichens. Over time, weathering and erosion form soil from broken down rock materials.
The document discusses weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks and minerals near Earth's surface through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without composition change, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks and minerals. Key agents of mechanical weathering include frost wedging, thermal expansion and contraction, exfoliation, abrasion, and plant growth. Chemical weathering occurs through dissolution, oxidation, and hydrolysis. Weathering produces regolith and soil. Erosion then transports weathered materials such as by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. This shapes landscapes and forms sediments and depositional features like those in the Grand Canyon.
This document discusses biological weathering, which is the breakdown of rocks and other materials caused by living organisms. It occurs through both mechanical and chemical means as organisms interact with rocks. The main causes of biological weathering are: 1) man and animals through activities like construction and burrowing; 2) higher plants and their roots, which can penetrate cracks and exert disruptive force; 3) microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and mosses that extract nutrients and produce compounds aiding decomposition. An advantage is that biological weathering creates nutrient-rich soil allowing plant growth, though it can also cause rock instability.
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces like soil and occurs through three main types: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that freeze water in cracks of rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater dissolves gases and chemically reacts with minerals in rocks. Biological weathering occurs through tree roots and small creatures penetrating cracks in rocks.
Weathering breaks rocks into small pieces called soil through mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. Mechanical weathering occurs when temperature changes cause water in cracks to freeze and break rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater containing gases dissolves and chemically breaks down rock minerals. Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks by roots and small creatures making homes in cracks.
Geography form 1 notes, kenya syllabusHamadySagiru
Geography is the study of the Earth. There are two main branches: physical geography, which examines landforms and climate, and human geography, which studies human activities and settlements. Geography relates to other subjects like chemistry, physics, agriculture, biology and history.
The solar system consists of the Sun and objects that orbit it, like planets, asteroids, comets and moons. The Earth originated from a cloud of gas and dust about 4.6 billion years ago. It rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun, causing day/night and seasons. Internally, it has a core, mantle and crust. Geography involves understanding our planet and its relationship to other celestial bodies.
Weathering breaks down rocks into sediment through mechanical or chemical processes. Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks into fragments through forces like wind, water, plant roots, or ice wedging. Chemical weathering uses chemical reactions to dissolve or change minerals, often involving carbonic acid, plant acids, or oxidation when iron is exposed to oxygen. The rates of mechanical versus chemical weathering depend on climate, with mechanical weathering dominating in cold climates and chemical weathering faster in warm, wet climates.
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces like soil and occurs through three main types: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that freeze water in cracks of rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater dissolves gases and chemically reacts with minerals in rocks. Biological weathering occurs through tree roots and small creatures penetrating cracks in rocks.
SOIL CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
Soil is a top layer of earth's surface. It is made up of broken down rock particles, rotted plant materials, water and air. It is a medium in which plant grow and derive moisture and nutrient.
Soil chemistry- is the study of various chemical nutrient present in soil and their influence on the properties of soil such as alkalinity or acidity
OR
Is the study of the soil to show its physical and chemical properties and components of the soil including biological and fertility property.
SOIL FORMATION
This is evolution of soil from parent material. The formation of the soil particle is regarded to the result from the combination of the waste products, or dead organic matter, water, and air which combines to form the soil.
These processes are continuously and take place through the action of weathering on the parental rock.
Mineral matters
These are substances which are considered to result from the weathering process.
With an exception of nitrates, all salts originate from the mineral. Nitrates originate from the humus.
Mineral matter in the soil are said to be derived from the weathering process – breaking of the rocks which form the earth's crust.
Weathering
This is the process which the parent rocks undergo disintegration (breaking) down to form the fragments or small particles. Weathering process is a combination of disintegration and synthesis (building up process).
It involves series of complex change that alter form of colour, texture, and composition of rock particles. The rock first broken down to smaller fragment and eventually into individually constituent minerals
These fragments can combine with dead organic
Two main types of weathering are mechanical and chemical. Mechanical weathering involves physical breakdown of rocks without chemical changes, such as through frost wedging or salt crystal growth. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions that break down minerals, such as oxidation or hydrolysis reactions with air or water. The rate of chemical weathering is influenced by climate factors like temperature and rainfall. Over time, weathering of rocks forms soil through the accumulation of mineral particles and organic materials. Different climate and relief conditions lead to different soil types.
This document discusses various exogenic and endogenic geological processes that shape the Earth's surface and interior. It describes weathering processes like physical weathering caused by temperature fluctuations, plants, and abrasion that break down rock. It also discusses chemical weathering processes like hydrolysis, carbonation, and oxidation. Erosion by water and wind then transport weathered material. These surface processes interact with sub-surface processes like plate tectonics and magmatism to continually reshape the Earth's surface through folding, faulting, earthquakes, and volcanism over millions of years. Together exogenic and endogenic processes create diverse landforms and landscapes.
Weathering and soil erosion presentation.pptxFelcherLayugan
Rock weathering breaks down Earth's crust through physical and chemical processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical means like temperature changes, plant and animal activity, and abrasion. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and acids. The rate of weathering depends on factors like climate, rock type, and exposure. Weathering produces sediments and soils that cover much of the Earth's surface.
Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering does not change the rock's chemical composition and is caused by factors like tree roots, ice expansion, and wind. Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, and acids. Climate affects the rate of weathering, with freezing/thawing in cold areas and more chemical weathering in warm, wet regions speeding up the breakdown of rocks.
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at Earth's surface through contact with the atmosphere, biota, and water. There are three main types of weathering: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through processes like exfoliation and frost cracking. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through reactions with water and acids. Biological weathering occurs when living organisms contribute to the breakdown of surface materials.
The document discusses the weathering of rocks and soils. It notes that rocks are composed of minerals and broken down through various weathering processes, including physical, chemical and biological weathering. Physical weathering is caused by temperature changes breaking rocks. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions with water that change the composition of rocks. Biological weathering occurs through the action of plants and animals interacting with rocks. Weathering leads to the formation of soil.
A chemical change alters the chemical makeup of a substance, creating a new substance with different properties through a chemical reaction where matter is neither created nor destroyed. Examples of chemical changes include fire and mixing baking soda and vinegar. A physical change only modifies a substance's size, shape, volume, or state of matter without chemically altering its makeup, such as melting ice, breaking glass, or chopping wood.
The presentation discusses the processes of weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks through physical or chemical means without transportation, while erosion is the transportation and deposition of weathered materials by agents such as wind, water or ice. The key types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the chemical composition of rocks through processes like oxidation and carbonation.
Weathering is an important geological mechanism which can destabilize the earth’s surface materials and remove them by erosive processes. Weathering is the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of a rock mass on the land. It is a unique phenomena happening on the earth’ surface. Weathering is a collective term used to denote the mechanical, chemical and biological(organic) processes that take place on the earth’s surface. Weathering of rock-forming minerals can create new products from pre-existing rocks. In many regions, soils are the ultimate products of weathering. Weathering of rocks releases chemical compounds that become available for biological processes. It is necessary to study the factors that are influencing the weathering processes.
Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks through the action of living organisms like plants, animals, and microbes. It occurs as roots penetrate rocks to absorb water and nutrients, thereby exerting pressure that cracks rocks apart over time. Microbes and lichen also contribute through chemical reactions, secreting acids or chelating compounds that dissolve rock minerals. While the forces are small, continual effects from a wide variety of organisms gradually cause mechanical and chemical weathering of surface rocks.
The document discusses three main types of coastal weathering: physical/mechanical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks down rocks through direct contact with heat, water, ice, and pressure. Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks from atmospheric or biologically produced chemicals. Biological weathering involves the assistance of organisms like trees and vegetation in breaking down rocks and cliffs.
This document summarizes the key concepts of weathering. It defines weathering as the physical, chemical, and biological breakdown of rocks due to atmospheric forces like wind, water, and glaciers. The three main types of weathering are physical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through frost wedging, wetting and drying, exfoliation, and abrasion. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through oxidation, hydration, carbonation, and acid rain. Biological weathering is caused by organisms like lichens. Over time, weathering and erosion form soil from broken down rock materials.
The document discusses weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks and minerals near Earth's surface through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without composition change, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks and minerals. Key agents of mechanical weathering include frost wedging, thermal expansion and contraction, exfoliation, abrasion, and plant growth. Chemical weathering occurs through dissolution, oxidation, and hydrolysis. Weathering produces regolith and soil. Erosion then transports weathered materials such as by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. This shapes landscapes and forms sediments and depositional features like those in the Grand Canyon.
This document discusses biological weathering, which is the breakdown of rocks and other materials caused by living organisms. It occurs through both mechanical and chemical means as organisms interact with rocks. The main causes of biological weathering are: 1) man and animals through activities like construction and burrowing; 2) higher plants and their roots, which can penetrate cracks and exert disruptive force; 3) microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and mosses that extract nutrients and produce compounds aiding decomposition. An advantage is that biological weathering creates nutrient-rich soil allowing plant growth, though it can also cause rock instability.
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces like soil and occurs through three main types: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that freeze water in cracks of rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater dissolves gases and chemically reacts with minerals in rocks. Biological weathering occurs through tree roots and small creatures penetrating cracks in rocks.
Weathering breaks rocks into small pieces called soil through mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. Mechanical weathering occurs when temperature changes cause water in cracks to freeze and break rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater containing gases dissolves and chemically breaks down rock minerals. Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks by roots and small creatures making homes in cracks.
Geography form 1 notes, kenya syllabusHamadySagiru
Geography is the study of the Earth. There are two main branches: physical geography, which examines landforms and climate, and human geography, which studies human activities and settlements. Geography relates to other subjects like chemistry, physics, agriculture, biology and history.
The solar system consists of the Sun and objects that orbit it, like planets, asteroids, comets and moons. The Earth originated from a cloud of gas and dust about 4.6 billion years ago. It rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun, causing day/night and seasons. Internally, it has a core, mantle and crust. Geography involves understanding our planet and its relationship to other celestial bodies.
Weathering breaks down rocks into sediment through mechanical or chemical processes. Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks into fragments through forces like wind, water, plant roots, or ice wedging. Chemical weathering uses chemical reactions to dissolve or change minerals, often involving carbonic acid, plant acids, or oxidation when iron is exposed to oxygen. The rates of mechanical versus chemical weathering depend on climate, with mechanical weathering dominating in cold climates and chemical weathering faster in warm, wet climates.
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces like soil and occurs through three main types: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering is caused by temperature changes that freeze water in cracks of rocks. Chemical weathering happens when rainwater dissolves gases and chemically reacts with minerals in rocks. Biological weathering occurs through tree roots and small creatures penetrating cracks in rocks.
SOIL CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
Soil is a top layer of earth's surface. It is made up of broken down rock particles, rotted plant materials, water and air. It is a medium in which plant grow and derive moisture and nutrient.
Soil chemistry- is the study of various chemical nutrient present in soil and their influence on the properties of soil such as alkalinity or acidity
OR
Is the study of the soil to show its physical and chemical properties and components of the soil including biological and fertility property.
SOIL FORMATION
This is evolution of soil from parent material. The formation of the soil particle is regarded to the result from the combination of the waste products, or dead organic matter, water, and air which combines to form the soil.
These processes are continuously and take place through the action of weathering on the parental rock.
Mineral matters
These are substances which are considered to result from the weathering process.
With an exception of nitrates, all salts originate from the mineral. Nitrates originate from the humus.
Mineral matter in the soil are said to be derived from the weathering process – breaking of the rocks which form the earth's crust.
Weathering
This is the process which the parent rocks undergo disintegration (breaking) down to form the fragments or small particles. Weathering process is a combination of disintegration and synthesis (building up process).
It involves series of complex change that alter form of colour, texture, and composition of rock particles. The rock first broken down to smaller fragment and eventually into individually constituent minerals
These fragments can combine with dead organic
Two main types of weathering are mechanical and chemical. Mechanical weathering involves physical breakdown of rocks without chemical changes, such as through frost wedging or salt crystal growth. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions that break down minerals, such as oxidation or hydrolysis reactions with air or water. The rate of chemical weathering is influenced by climate factors like temperature and rainfall. Over time, weathering of rocks forms soil through the accumulation of mineral particles and organic materials. Different climate and relief conditions lead to different soil types.
This document discusses various exogenic and endogenic geological processes that shape the Earth's surface and interior. It describes weathering processes like physical weathering caused by temperature fluctuations, plants, and abrasion that break down rock. It also discusses chemical weathering processes like hydrolysis, carbonation, and oxidation. Erosion by water and wind then transport weathered material. These surface processes interact with sub-surface processes like plate tectonics and magmatism to continually reshape the Earth's surface through folding, faulting, earthquakes, and volcanism over millions of years. Together exogenic and endogenic processes create diverse landforms and landscapes.
Weathering and soil erosion presentation.pptxFelcherLayugan
Rock weathering breaks down Earth's crust through physical and chemical processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical means like temperature changes, plant and animal activity, and abrasion. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and acids. The rate of weathering depends on factors like climate, rock type, and exposure. Weathering produces sediments and soils that cover much of the Earth's surface.
Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering does not change the rock's chemical composition and is caused by factors like tree roots, ice expansion, and wind. Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, and acids. Climate affects the rate of weathering, with freezing/thawing in cold areas and more chemical weathering in warm, wet regions speeding up the breakdown of rocks.
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at Earth's surface through contact with the atmosphere, biota, and water. There are three main types of weathering: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through processes like exfoliation and frost cracking. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through reactions with water and acids. Biological weathering occurs when living organisms contribute to the breakdown of surface materials.
This document discusses a lecture on weathering and erosion given by Dr. Shahid Ullah. It covers the main topics of the lecture including definitions of weathering and the processes involved, physical and chemical agents that cause weathering, factors affecting the rate of weathering, the products of weathering, erosion and factors influencing erosion rates. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of various weathering and erosion concepts.
Weathering, erosion, and deposition are exogenic (surface) geologic processes that shape the landscape over time. Weathering breaks down rock through physical or chemical means. Erosion is the transport of weathered material by forces like water, wind, or gravity. Deposition occurs when eroded materials are deposited in a new location. Together these processes recycle earth materials and influence landform development through geologic timescales.
The document discusses the formation of soil through weathering processes. It describes mechanical weathering which breaks down rock physically via frost wedging, pressure release, hydraulic action, salt crystal growth and thermal stress. It also describes chemical weathering which alters the molecular structure of rocks through dissolution, carbonation, hydration, hydrolysis and oxidation. The weathered rocks and minerals are broken down into clay, silt, sand and nutrients that combine with organic materials to form various soil types.
Chemical weathering is more useful in soil formation than mechanical weathering because:
- Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks and causes new substances to form. This releases nutrients from the rocks that plants can use.
- Mechanical weathering only breaks rocks into smaller pieces through physical processes like temperature changes, abrasion, etc. but does not release as many nutrients.
- The new substances formed during chemical weathering like carbonic acid help dissolve more rocks and release more nutrients into the soil over time compared to mechanical weathering alone.
- Released nutrients are important for plant growth. As more plants grow, they add more organic matter to the soil through their remains. Organic matter is a key component of healthy
lessons in Weathering of Grade five.pptxNeilDeclaro1
Mechanical and chemical weathering break rocks down into sediments and soil. Mechanical weathering involves physical breakdown through forces like frost wedging when water freezes in cracks. Chemical weathering changes the rocks' composition through acids. Weathering is important for producing soil but excessive erosion from agents like water and wind can harm the environment if not prevented through measures like planting vegetation.
Soil Weathering Lecture by Salman SaeedSalman Saeed
Soil Weathering lecture for Biology, Botany, Zoology, and Chemistry Students by Salman Saeed lecturer Botany University College of Management and Sciences Khanewal, Pakistan.
About Author: Salman Saeed
Qualification: M.SC (Botany), M. Phil (Biotechnology) from BZU Multan.
M. Ed & B. Ed from GCU Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Music In Mental Health This Is A Wonderful Ppt22wj5a0130
This document discusses weathering and soil formation. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical - and their causes such as temperature changes, frost action, oxidation, and acids. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' minerals. Over time, weathered rocks break down into soil. Factors like climate, rock type, and time influence soil formation, which results in distinct layers or horizons of topsoil, subsoil, and partially weathered parent material.
Soil Weathering lecture for Agriculture, Biology, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Genetics Students by Salman Saeed Lecturer Botany University College of Management and Sciences Khanewal, Pakistan.
About the Author: Salman Saeed
Qualification: M.Sc. (Botany), M.Phil. (Biotechnology) from BZU Multan.
M.Ed. & B.Ed. from GCU Faisalabad, Pakistan
This document discusses weathering and soil formation. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' chemical makeup. Weathering occurs due to factors like temperature changes, frost action, abrasion, and acids. Over time, weathering breaks rocks down into soil. Soil provides nutrients for plants and animals and is important for life. The document also examines different types of soil like residual and transported soil and how soil composition varies by location.
This document discusses weathering and soil formation. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical - and their causes such as temperature changes, frost action, oxidation, and acids. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' minerals. Over time, weathered rocks break down into soil. Factors like climate, rock type, and time influence soil formation, which results in distinct layers or horizons of topsoil, subsoil, and partially weathered parent material.
Rocks vary in size, shape, and texture due to weathering and erosion over hundreds of years. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering is caused by forces like water, wind, ice, and plants. Chemical weathering occurs when acids from water and carbon dioxide dissolve minerals. Erosion then transports these sediment particles to new locations through agents like wind, water, and animals. This constant weathering and erosion gradually reshapes the landscape over time.
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at their location through contact with the atmosphere, water, and organisms. It occurs through both physical and chemical processes. Physical weathering includes thermal stress from temperature changes, exfoliation from pressure release, and abrasion where particles are reduced in size by water, ice, and wind. Chemical weathering includes hydrolysis where minerals react with water, oxidation where substances react with oxygen, and dissolution where acids from carbon dioxide and pollutants break down minerals. Erosion is the movement of weathered rocks and minerals by gravity, wind, water, ice, or glaciers to other locations.
This Mathematics Instructor Grading Rubric assesses students on specific skills and key components necessary to memorize and complete in the unit circle.
The document discusses the "fake future" tense in Spanish. It is used to talk about what you want or need to do in the future, but have not done yet. It is formed using the expression "tener que" followed by an infinitive verb. This does not guarantee the action will actually happen, unlike the future tense, so it is called "fake". The fake future falls between the present and future tenses grammatically. It uses the present tense form of "tener" but refers to a future action.
This is an easy guide to follow to learn about what FOILING is, how to use it, to learn from example, to examine various practice problems, as well as to prepare for the NYS Regents with mixed practice at the end.
This is extremely helpful tool. Great for tests and quizzes. A Good study guide- couldn't find any on the Internet so I made one- enjoy some relief! :))
The document provides information about the present progressive tense in Spanish. It lists the types of verbs that have been studied so far, including regular verbs, stem-changing verbs, reflexive verbs, and irregular verbs. It states that the present progressive can now be added to the list. The present progressive is used to talk about actions that are happening now or ongoing. It provides the formula for forming the present progressive by using the conjugated form of the verb "estar" plus the present participle. Examples are given for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs. It also discusses placement of object and reflexive pronouns.
This document provides a summary of television shows airing in the summer and fall of 2011, including nights and channels. Some of the shows highlighted are My Babysitter's a Vampire on Disney Channel, So You Think You Can Dance on Fox, The Regular Show and Adventure Time on Cartoon Network, Castle on ABC, 90210 on The CW, Nikita on The CW, Melissa & Joey and Switched at Birth on ABC Family, and the new show Teen Wolf on MTV.
This document discusses reflexive verbs in Spanish. Reflexive verbs are actions done to oneself. They have the same subject and direct object. To create a sentence with a reflexive verb, you identify the subject, choose the reflexive pronoun that matches the subject, conjugate the verb, and place the pronoun before the conjugated verb. Examples are provided to illustrate how to transform a sentence with a non-reflexive verb into one with a reflexive verb by replacing the direct object with a reflexive pronoun.
The document is the lyrics to the song "Corazon sin cara" by Prince Royce. The song discusses how the singer does not care about a partner's physical appearance or imperfections, and that their soul and the love they share is what's most important. It also mentions that no one is perfect in love and emphasizes looking within oneself before judging others.
1. The document discusses planning a reunion for students from Scholars Academy. It considers possible locations, activities, food, and duration.
2. Location options discussed include a nearby park, boardwalk, restaurants, fast food joints, or hosting at someone's house. Pros and cons of each are listed.
3. Suggested activities include talking, games like basketball or video games, dancing, karaoke, and theater games.
4. Food arrangements must also be determined, such as whether to spend money eating out, have parents or older siblings provide or cook food, or bring snacks.
This document provides a review for a genetics quiz, defining key terms like hydrophobic, hydrophilic, polar, non-polar, and ion. It includes a table describing the structure and function of cellular organelles like flagellum, pili, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Finally, it lists the three main parts of the cell theory - that the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things and that all cells come from preexisting cells.
The document outlines the steps to extract DNA from wheat germ using NaCl solution and ethanol. It involves adding wheat germ to a test tube, filtering the NaCl and wheat germ solution using cheesecloth, mixing the filtrate with detergent, and dripping ethanol into the solution to form an interface where DNA precipitates as a white material.
No document was provided to summarize. A summary requires source text to extract the key points and essential information from. Without a document, it is not possible to generate an accurate 3 sentence summary.
This document provides information and instructions for an arts and crafts holiday day with Thanksgiving themes. It lists dates for sending in colorings or crafts by November 26th and provides an email address. It then includes instructions and images for several Thanksgiving-themed coloring pages and crafts for kids to complete, along with their skill level and websites to visit for additional materials.
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. In Spanish, pronouns are used to refer to third person subjects (singular or plural) when their gender or number needs to be specified. Unlike in English, Spanish pronouns are often omitted because the conjugated verb ending identifies the subject. The major types of Spanish pronouns include those that refer to the first person (yo, nosotros), second person (tu, ustedes, vosotros), and third person (el, ella, ellos, ellas). A chart is also provided listing common Spanish pronouns and notes on their conjugation.
This document provides information and strategies for planning America Recycles Day events. It discusses defining success for events through metrics like attendance and materials collected. Past efforts to increase participation, visibility, and program support are reviewed. Specific tactics are outlined, such as partnering with Earth911 and Disney for promotions. Resources for event organizers are mentioned, including materials, templates, and an event registration website. The goal is to continue growing the number of events and participants for America Recycles Day.
The creature is ultimately the victim in the story because if Victor had not performed the actions he did, the creature would not have been created. And if the creature was created, Victor would not have abandoned him, which led to the creature's violent actions.
The document outlines an Ancient Egypt project for MHS students, with four group members responsible for different topics: Lily for housing and temples, Jose for Giza and pyramids, Michele for geography and its effects, and Tristan for resources and motivation. It provides the author's contact details and sets a deadline of November 4, 2010 for completion. It suggests completing notes and practicing presentations in a set order.
Cities in ancient Egypt were important centers of culture, religion, and politics. Thebes contained many important temples and was known as the burial place for pharaohs and other important figures. The Sphinx of Giza symbolized strength and its features have eroded over time. Several pyramids around Giza, including those of Menkaura and Khafre, had unique features like partial granite construction and were started but not completed until after the pharaoh's reign. Early cities like El-Omari and Saqqara featured housing structures made from reeds and pits for burial, and architecture evolved over time with pyramids transitioning from mud and wood to stone.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.