The file covers every point about the weather and climate.

1. WEATHER AND CLIMATE

3. WHAT IS WEATHER ?
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given place and at a given
time.

4. about weather :-
The study of weather and its elements is known as meterology.
Weather refers to a particular station.
Weather may change within a short interval of time.
Some examples of weather is:-
 sunshine
 rain
 cloud cover
 winds
 hail
 snow
 sleet
 freezing rain
 flooding
 blizzards
 ice storms
 thunderstorms

7. temperature
Temperature of a particular place denotes the degree of hotness or
the coldness of air at that place.

8. Solar radiation
The process of giving out energy by the sun is called the solar radiation.

9. Solar
Radiation
Insolation
Terrestrial
Radiation

10. insolation
The amount of solar radiation on the earth’s surface is called insolation.

11. Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth's surface and atmosphere is
called terrestrial or longwave radiation
Terrestrial radiation

12. Insolation varies from place to place and depends on :-
Latitude
Thickness of the atmosphere
Length of the day
Distribution of land and water

13. Atmospheric pressure
The force exerted by the vertical column of air per unit of area is called
atmospheric pressure.

14. Factors affecting atmospheric pressure
Altitude
Temperature

15. World’s pressure belts
The unequal heating of the earth and its atmosphere and the rotation of the earth
are the main two factors which are responsible for the formation of pressure belts in
the world.
The types of permanent pressure belts are:-
Equatorial low pressure belt (doldrums)
Sub-tropical high pressure belt
Sub-polar low pressure belt
Polar high pressure belt

16. humidity
The amount of water vapour present in the air is called humidity.
The types of humidity are:-
Absolute humidity
Relative humidity

17. precipitation
The process through which water from the atmosphere falls down on the earth is
called precipitation.
Types of precipitation:-
Rain
Dew
Hail
Snow

18. wind
Wind blowing from the east is called an easterly wind and wind blowing from the
west is called westerly wind.
Types of winds are :-
Air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas . Such a horizontal movement
of air is called the wind.
Planetary winds
Periodic winds

19. clouds
A clouds is a large collection of very tiny droplets of water or ice crystals.
Classification of clouds:-
High clouds
Middle clouds
Low clouds

20. Weather instruments
A weather instrument is any device that measures weather related conditions
Types of weather instruments:-
 Thermometer - Temperature is measured with the help of a THERMOMETER.
 Rain gauge – Rainfall is measured with the help of RAIN GAUGE.
 Hygrometer – Water vapour is measured with the help of HYGROMETER.
 Anemometer and wind vane – Wind’s speed is measured with the help of
ANEMOMETER and wind’s direction is measured with the help of WIND VANE.
 Barometer – Atmospheric pressure is measured with the help of BAROMETER.

21. WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
IMAGES

22. isohyets
A line on a map which connects points that have the same amounts of precipitation.

23. isotherm
A line on a map which connects the points having the same temperature at a given time.