Wave motion is the transfer of energy through a medium by vibration or oscillation of its particles. There are two types of waves: transverse waves, where particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, and longitudinal waves, where particles vibrate parallel to the direction of transfer. Transverse waves occur in solids and liquids while longitudinal waves can occur in all media and involve changes in pressure.

1. Wave MOTION
 Disturbance of form of energy
Transfer of energy through vibration of
particle
Possible in a medium which posses the
property of elasticity and inertia
Transfer of energy depends on the nature of
medium

2. Types of wave
1. Transverse Wave
2. Longitudinal wave

3. Transverse wave
Particle of medium vibrates perpendicular to
the direction of propagation of wave
Travels producing crests and troughs in
medium
Propagates only in solid and surface of liquid
No pressure vibration
E.g. Ripples on the surface of water, vibration
on the guitar string

4. Longitudinal wave
Particle of medium vibrate along the direction
of propagation of wave
Travels producing series of compression and
rarefaction
Propagates in all type of media
Pressure and density maximum at
compression and minimum at rarefaction
E.g Sound wave , ultra sound waves

5. Progressive wave
Wave that travels in forward direction with
maximum transfer of energy
Amplitude of oscillation is same at all position
Every part of the medium suffers a change in
density and pressure
 No particle is permanently at rest
Equation of wave travelling in positive X- axis
y= a sin (wt-kx)

6. Stationary wave
 Resultant wave formed due to the superposition
of two waves
 Component waves have equal frequency and
travels in opposite direction
 Amplitude and pressure of oscillation varies from
zero at node and maximum at antinode
 Particles at node are at rest
 Equation of stationary wave : y= 2a coskx sinwt
i.e y= A sinwt , A=resultant amplitude