Water logging occurs when excess water at underground levels rises to the surface due to natural flooding, over-irrigation, or inadequate drainage. This displaces air in the soil and changes soil processes, accumulating toxic substances that inhibit plant growth. Water logging can be caused by permanent or periodic submersion of land, heavy rainfall, or artificial irrigation in low-lying areas. It leads to inhibited soil bacteria activity, reduced available water and temperature, and impaired air circulation and increased salt levels in the soil. This delays cultivation, promotes unwanted plant growth, and negatively impacts health. Solutions include improving drainage, reducing water percolation from canals, restricting excess irrigation, and removing obstructions to natural drainage.

1. SUBMITTED BY –
ASHISH KUMAR SAHOO-114030
DIVAKAR -114052

2.  Water Logging:
Water logging is the natural flooding and over-
irrigation that brings water at underground
levels to the surface. As a consequence,
displacement of the air occurs in the soil with
corresponding changes in soil processes and an
accumulation of toxic substances that impede
plant growth

3.  1) Water logging due to permanent submersion of land.
Such as ponds, rivers, etc.
 2) Water logging from periodical submersion such as
coastal &land inundation by soil water or runoff of
freshwater over lands etc.
 3) Temporary water logging by stagnation of water as a
result of heavy rainfall.
 4)Another cause of water logging is swampy areas in
valleys.
 5) Water logging from artificial irrigation of agricultural
lands in polders areas.

4.  Inadequate surface Drainage
 Seepage from canal system
 Over irrigation of fields
 Impermeable clay layer below the soil.
 Construction of a water reservoir
 Natural obstruction to the flow of ground
water

5.  Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.
 Decrease in available capillary water
 Fall in soil temperature
 Defective air circulation
 Rise of salt

6.  Delay in cultivation operations
 Growth of flora(unwanted plants species)
 Adverse effects on community health
 Less availability of oxygen

7.  Providing efficient surface Drainage.
 Reducing percolation(the slow passage of a
liquid through a filtering medium) from canals.
 Restriction of unwanted irrigation.
 Adoption of sprinkler method for irrigation
 Removing obstructions in natural drainage.

8. If the concentration of harmful salts in the root
zone of a plant increases to such on extent that
plant growth is effected, this situation is called
Salinity.Salinity.

9.  The factors contributing towards the problem
of salinity are almost same as that of water
logging.
 Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is
also called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3,
Na2SO4 etc.

10.  When these soluble alkali salts are excess in
soil these salts get mixed with ground water
and with upward movement of water not
only accumulated in first 3~4ft of soil layer
below ground surface but also form a tin
2”~3” crust on surface.

11.  Corrosive Action to Plants.
 Formation of Alkali Soil.

12.  Controlled Irrigation.
 Providing adequate surface drainage.
 Allowing lower intensity of irrigation.
 Reducing surface evaporation.
 Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose.

13.  https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2905
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterlogging_(agricultur
e)
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/water/waterlogging/
waterlogging-definition-causes-effects-with-statistics