This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Kerpiç materyallerin yapısında bozulmalar meydana gelmesi (The deterioration ...yusuf kopal
Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials (在土坯材料的结构中出现衰减, Decadimenti che si verificano nella struttura nei materiali adobe. Kerpiç yapılarındaki bozunmaları ele alan başarılı bir çalışma.
Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials Ahmet Konus
The document discusses decays that can occur in adobe structures. It begins by defining adobe as an earthen construction material made by mixing soil, fibers, and water. Approximately 30% of the world's population lives in adobe structures. Decays in adobe buildings are caused by physical and biological factors, with water and moisture being the most significant sources of decay. The document goes on to discuss the microstructure of adobe materials and the history of adobe construction before focusing on decays occurring in adobe structures.
Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials Seyitcan Güngör
The document summarizes common types of decay that can occur in adobe structures. It discusses physical decays caused by water and moisture ingress, including cracking of plaster, erosion of materials, and breakdown due to soluble salts. Biological decays from insects, fungi, plants and animals are also explained. Inappropriate renovation materials and techniques can further deteriorate adobe structures by using hard mortars that have differing properties. Maintaining adobe through periodic repairs and protecting from water are important to prevent decays that can compromise the structural integrity over time.
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
The 5th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology was held on September 1-2, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey and hosted by the World Association for Scientific Research and Technical Innovation. Many international delegates from various countries participated and presented their research. The conference provided scholarships to promote student and researcher participation. Topics discussed included the use of sewage sludge in agriculture. Best paper awards were given to participants with the best scholarly submissions. Photos and videos from the conference are available online along with downloadable proceedings.
Architecture Abstracts 8Th Annual International ConferenceTracy Drey
Fani Balaska
Chair: Maria Joao Soares
1. Gizem Saka, Assistant Professor, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. Art and Architecture
Interaction: Critical Practices within an Interdisciplinary Context.
2. Laura Gallardo Frias, Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain & Maria Isabel Toledo Jofre,
Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. Link: Architectural Projects - Inhabitants, Through
Ethnography.
3. Ana Maria Moya Pellitero, Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal & Victoria Hunter,
Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal. The Somatic Landscape of Urban Mult
This document provides information about the copyright and committees for the proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge and Politics in Gender and Women's Studies 2015. It lists the scientific committee, advisory board, organizing committee, and student support team for the conference. It also provides copyright information, stating that abstracting and nonprofit use is permitted with credit, and instructors can print isolated articles for noncommercial use without fee. The document contains the conference committees, table of contents, and foreword for the proceedings.
Kerpiç materyallerin yapısında bozulmalar meydana gelmesi (The deterioration ...yusuf kopal
Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials (在土坯材料的结构中出现衰减, Decadimenti che si verificano nella struttura nei materiali adobe. Kerpiç yapılarındaki bozunmaları ele alan başarılı bir çalışma.
Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials Ahmet Konus
The document discusses decays that can occur in adobe structures. It begins by defining adobe as an earthen construction material made by mixing soil, fibers, and water. Approximately 30% of the world's population lives in adobe structures. Decays in adobe buildings are caused by physical and biological factors, with water and moisture being the most significant sources of decay. The document goes on to discuss the microstructure of adobe materials and the history of adobe construction before focusing on decays occurring in adobe structures.
Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials Seyitcan Güngör
The document summarizes common types of decay that can occur in adobe structures. It discusses physical decays caused by water and moisture ingress, including cracking of plaster, erosion of materials, and breakdown due to soluble salts. Biological decays from insects, fungi, plants and animals are also explained. Inappropriate renovation materials and techniques can further deteriorate adobe structures by using hard mortars that have differing properties. Maintaining adobe through periodic repairs and protecting from water are important to prevent decays that can compromise the structural integrity over time.
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
The 5th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology was held on September 1-2, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey and hosted by the World Association for Scientific Research and Technical Innovation. Many international delegates from various countries participated and presented their research. The conference provided scholarships to promote student and researcher participation. Topics discussed included the use of sewage sludge in agriculture. Best paper awards were given to participants with the best scholarly submissions. Photos and videos from the conference are available online along with downloadable proceedings.
Architecture Abstracts 8Th Annual International ConferenceTracy Drey
Fani Balaska
Chair: Maria Joao Soares
1. Gizem Saka, Assistant Professor, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. Art and Architecture
Interaction: Critical Practices within an Interdisciplinary Context.
2. Laura Gallardo Frias, Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain & Maria Isabel Toledo Jofre,
Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. Link: Architectural Projects - Inhabitants, Through
Ethnography.
3. Ana Maria Moya Pellitero, Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal & Victoria Hunter,
Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal. The Somatic Landscape of Urban Mult
This document provides information about the copyright and committees for the proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge and Politics in Gender and Women's Studies 2015. It lists the scientific committee, advisory board, organizing committee, and student support team for the conference. It also provides copyright information, stating that abstracting and nonprofit use is permitted with credit, and instructors can print isolated articles for noncommercial use without fee. The document contains the conference committees, table of contents, and foreword for the proceedings.
The 5th International Conference on Envirotech, Cleantech and Greentech was held on September 1-2, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey and hosted by the World Association for Scientific Research and Technical Innovation. The conference brought together many international delegates from various countries to discuss major issues like evaluating antagonistic activity against plant diseases and assessing heavy metals in power plant waste water. Best paper awards were given including one for a paper on quantitative assessment of heavy metals in coal-fired power plant waste water. The conference materials like photos, videos and proceedings are available online.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies interms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential shortcomings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
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The document summarizes the 3rd International Conference on "Changing Cities" which will take place from 26-30 June 2017 on the Greek islands of Syros, Delos, and Mykonos. It provides information on registration fees, included activities, submission and publication details. The conference will focus on the main theme of "European cities & Migration" and include sessions on topics like urban design, planning, landscapes, architecture, cultures, heritage, environment, transportation, economies, and smart cities. Keynote speakers are listed from universities in Europe and Turkey.
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Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to take Doç.Dr.Murat DAL
1. I
PROCEEDINGS
For the Fifth International Conference
kerpiç'16
Cultural Landscape:
Rebuilding after Decay
17-18 December 2016
Organized by
Istanbul Aydın University
Kerpiç Network
2. II
ISBN:..................................
Proceedings for the
5. International Conference kerpiç'16
Cultural Landscape:
Rebuilding after Decay
17-18 December 2016
Organized by
Istanbul Aydın University
Kerpiç Network
Themes of the Conference
1. Rebuilding cultural landscape after disaster, war, terrorism
2. Social, cultural, touristic reuses of heritage
3.Commercial development
4. Changes in traditional heritage value of society
5. Housing environment
6. Standards and guidelines for rebuilding
7. Advances in researches
Printed by
Print Date
DECEMBER 2016
3. III
Conference Chair
Prof.Dr.Bilge IŞIK
Book Editor
Prof.Dr. Bilge IŞIK
Associate Editor
Asst.Prof.Dr. Gökçen F. Yücel
Conference Secretary
Asst.Prof.Dr. GökçenFirdevs YÜCEL
Organizing Committee
Prof. Dr. Bilge IŞIK
(Istanbul Aydın University)
Asst.Prof.Dr. GökçenFirdevs YÜCEL
(Istanbul Aydın University)
Asst. Prof. SeyhanYardımlı
(Istanbul Aydın University)
Book Graphic Design
Instructor Ozan Sagat
Istanbul Aydın University
Faculty of Architecture and Design
Beşyol, Florya, Istanbul, Turkey
htpp://www.aydin.edu.tr
info@aydin.edu.tr
http://kerpicc2016.wixsite.com/kerpic2016
4. IV
Dear Colleagues,
Istanbul Aydin University and The Kerpiç Network are pleased to welcome you to the fifht
International Conference on kerpic’16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay,17-
18December 2016, Istanbul, Turkey.
Kerpiç–network is carrying researches over thirty years on durability, seismic response and
production techniques on earthen construction material. Durability researches are based
on gypsum & lime stabilization of earth, called “alker”; seismic response researches are
based on horizontal energy dissipation surfaces in the load bearing walls and production
techniques are based on compacting and shote-crete production of earthen walls
The conference scope will focus on Diyarbakır‐ SUR area in Turkey or on nearly problems
arround the world, and the study will range from the graduate programs, preparing the
students to the contemporary knowledge and skills, and bring together the academics and
professionals to exchange findings and experience. It will be an opportunity to understand
the strategy and the advances of the Cultural Landscape.
Our deepest thanks goes to ICOMOS, ISCEAH members who supported the conference as
scientific committee.
It is our pleasure to welcome you to the international conference kerpic’16.
Prof. Dr. Bilge IŞIK, Conference Chair
5. V
HONOUR COMMITTEE
Mustafa AYDIN, Dr.,Istanbul Aydin University Board of Trustees Chairman
Yadigar IZMIRLI, Prof.Dr.,Rector,Istanbul Aydin University
Turhan Nejat ARAL,Prof.Dr., Dean, Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Architecture and Design
HüseyinErol AKATA,Prof.Dr., Dean, Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Engineering
Murat ERGİNÖZ, Prof.Dr., Head of Interior Architecture Department
Prof.Dr. Hasan SAYGIN,Prof.Dr., Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Engineering
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Bilge IŞIK, CONFERENCE CHAIR, ICOMOS ISCEAH (International Scientific Committee of
Earthen Architectural Heritage), Istanbul Aydin University
Turhan Nejat ARAL (IAU‐TR),
Murat ERGİNÖZ (IAU‐TR),
Fatma SEDES (IAU‐TR),
Zülküf GÜNELİ (Dicle Uni‐TR),
Eser GÜLTEKİN (Çoruh,Uni. TR),
Dilek YILDIZ (İTÜ‐TR),
Şefika ERGİN (Dicle Uni.‐TR),
Tülay TULUN (İTÜ‐ TR),
Hüseyin AYATULLAHI (Yazd Uni.‐Iran),
Mohammad Yosof ALAIDAROOS (ICOMOS‐Saudi Arabia),
Randolph LANGENBACH (USA),
Marcial BLONDET (ISCEAH‐Peru),
Severio MECCA (Uni.Florence‐Italy),
Gouhar SHEMDIN (ISCEAH‐Canada),
Humberto VARUM (ISCEAH‐ Portugal),
Rasool VATANDOUST (ISCElAH‐ Iran),
Pete WALKER (ISCEAH‐ Director BRE Centre, England).
6. VI
Kerpic’16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay,
5. International Conference
17-18 December 2016, Istanbul Aydın University, Turkey
OPENING REMARKS
Speaker 1. Prof.Dr. Bilge IŞIK (Conference Chair)
Speaker 2. Prof.Dr. Yadigar IZMIRLI (Rector)
Speaker 3. Prof.Dr. CelalNazımİrem (Unesco Chair, IAU)
7. VII
CONTENTS
1. Prof. Dr. MarcialBlondet, Nicola Tarque, Julio Vargas,
Pontifical Catholic University, Lima, Peru
(Re)construction of earthquake-resistant earthen buildings
1
2. Assoc.Dr. F. MeralHalifeoğlu,
Dicle University Faculty of Architecture, Diyarbakır, Turkey
The culture of the city regaining a historical mansion in Diyarbakır: CemilPasa
mansion
10
3. Assoc.Dr. Kamuran Sami,
Dicle University Faculty of Architecture, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Diyarbakır historical Suriçi and a conflicting environment: a cultural heritage with its
color fadded and devastation of collective memory
18
4. Assoc.Dr. Seyed Mohammad Hossein Ayatollahi, Fatemeh M. Bafghi, Amir
S.Pakseresht,
Yazd University, School of Art and Architecture, Yazd, IRAN
The role of wind as a generator of cultural landscape in desert climate of Iran
19
5. Dr. SomayehOmidvari, Elaheh Golzari,
Yazd University School of Art and Architecture, Yazd, Iran
Tourism of Qanat: renewal after drought
27
6. Asst.Prof.Dr. NerimanFarahza, Sassan Seyedkalal, Yazd University School of
Art and Architecture, Yazd, Iran
Vazir historical complex: past, present, future
conservation, restoration, rehabilitation and revitalization
35
7. Prof.Dr.ZülküfGüneli,
IAU, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul,Turkey
Urban texture and identity from past to present in Diyarbakır Suriçi
44
8. Dr.ŞenizAtik, AltanAtik, MerveÖzkılıç,
IAU, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul, Turkey
Reconstruction of cultural landscape after disasters
45
9. AyselTarım, Asst.Prof.Dr. SibelHattap,
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey
Global rebuilding: Cumalıkızık Case
58
10. Asst.Prof.Dr. Murat DAL,Munzur University,
Department of Civil Engineering, Tunceli, Turkey
Decay occuring in the structure in the adobe materials
71
8. VIII
11. Asst.Prof.Dr. FatmaSedes,
IAU, Architecture Restoration Program, Istanbul, Turkey
Man’s decay to historical environment in Zeyrek: a change on the physical texture
81
12. Asst.Prof.Dr. ŞefikaErgin,Dicle
University Faculty of Architecture, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Cultural landscape in the rural settlements of Diyarbakır province
92
13. Chiara Braucher, MattiaGiandomenici,
Genova, Italy
Lessons from Van territory (step 1) adobe construction heritage, technics
105
14. Asst.Prof.Dr. SeyhanYardımlı, Murat Dal,
Istanbul Aydin University Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul, Turkey
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to take
120
15. Negar Javadi, Sara Khooshro,
Iran
Temporary Accommodation and Build shelter for survivors of disasters (Sur-Turkey)
129
9. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
International Conference
Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, 17 December 2016
120
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to take
Seyhan YARDIMLI, Murat DAL
Istanbul Aydın University, Munzur University
seyhanyardimli@aydin.edu.tr, muratdal@munzur.edu.tr
ABSTRACT
Having met habitation needs since antiquity,
adobestructuresarestilluseddespitethetechnologicaldevelopments of our age. Concurrently,
it is knownthatthesestructuresarestill of decentquality in
regardstocontrollingheatandmoisture. One of themostimportantproblems of
adobestructurethatareusedforsomanyyears is thefacttheyareweakwhen it
comestowaterresistance.
Just as adobestructures can be erectedbyfirsthavingthemudprepared in
theconstructiondryout in themolds, they can also be
constructedbypouringandcompressingintothemoldsto form thestructurewalls.
Amongstimportantmethods in protectingthesestructuresagainstwaterare; to form a
drainageandrockfoundationforwatercomingfromground-
levelandtoraisethestructurefromgroundlevel. Measurestotake in
protectingthestructure’souterwallsurfacesfromwaterwould be tomakeuse of
overhangingeaves as well as utilizing a moredurabletype of plaster. Theuse of water-
resistancecoatingmaterialsandplumbinginsulationwheredeemednecessaryensureswetspaces
inside thestructureareprotectedagainstwater.
Constructingthesestructuresbytakingpreventivemeasuresanddetailingthem in
waysthatwillprotectthemagainstwaterwillextendthe life of
thesestructuresandincreasethecomfortwhiletheyareinhabited.
Keywords: Adobe structure, water deterioration, water preventive measures
1 INTRODUCTION
Adobe is a ratherimportantconstructionmaterialthat has met
people’shabitationneedsforthousands of years. It is stillused in manyregionstoday.
Becauseit’sone of thecheapestandleastproblematicconstructionmaterialsthat can be
produced, therearenowastematerialstorecycleand it doesn’tdamagetheenvironment.
Thesestructuresofferhighthermalcomfort as
theirthickwallseasilypreservetheinnerstructuretemperature in hot andcoldenvironments.
Thehumiditybalance is easierfacilitated. Whileadobeprovidesstructureswith a number of
advantages, it also has itsweaknesses, particularlyitsvulnerabilityagainstwater.
Studiesregardingthehistoricalprocess in dealingwithadobe’smoisture problem as well as
takingprecautionsandmeliorationcontinuetoday. Deformationthatoccurs in buildingsurfaces
of adobestructures can be observed in a manner of physicalorchemicalerosion.
Withphysicaleffects, windintensityincreasestheproportion of
10. Kerpic1
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16 - Cultural Lan
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ul Aydin Universi
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YPES OF A
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atoccurwitha
ADOBE MA
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.
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Wall constr
of an adobe
hod [4].
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December 2016
ainorsnow,
Thegoal
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ATERIAL
ngconstructi
thesedays. D
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and, lime, gr
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121
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turesandtake
USED IN C
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live in earth
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reused in th
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, it’sestimat
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UCTION
has
tedthataroun
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ndimension
or else pour
tives can
orderto
rdingtothere
omecement
hesiveness
molds [3].
g adobe into
ple of an ado
d into a mold
l is theim
toaddre
e recommen
taken
nd a thirdor
yand time. A
t. Adobest
nsandletting
reddirectlyi
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oincreasere
egion. H
at lowratio
in itsusage
o a wall mo
obe building
d in Vietnam
mpact of
esswater-
nded.
on
reven as
Adobe is
tructures
g it dry
intomold
xed in
sistance.
However,
os can be
e in the
old
g in which
m [5].
11. Kerpic1
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16 - Cultural Lan
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ul Aydin Universi
ETAILS IN
be structure
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remnants
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December 2016
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OBE STRU
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hese preser
m the founda
ng water in
T WATER
m the eleme
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ate that the
reat deal of
) [7].
rate easier w
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nder the influ
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rvations stu
ation, the ou
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ents in a
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16 - Cultural Lan
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ul Aydin Universi
cture such a
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Protective m
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December 2016
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123
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6 a, b). Of
abor. For thi
rotect the str
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rainage
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tudy.
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uses damag
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or this, wate
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alling separ
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rate
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8].
onveyed
cture and
struction
whereas
parta are
utting up
or adobe
l against
13. Kerpic1
Interna
Istanbu
Figu
16 - Cultural Lan
ational Conferenc
ul Aydin Universi
F
ure 6 a. An
Figure 6
ndscape, Rebuild
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Figure 5. Pr
n adobe hou
6 b. An adob
ding After Decay
December 2016
roblems tha
se with a ro
Ya
e wall applic
124
at seen in wa
ock foundati
alvaç, Ispart
cation over a
so
alls beneath
ion on Engi
ta [10].
a stone wall i
ocle
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in Sokak in
in the Yalvaç
d [9].
the Kaş Dis
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strict of
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14. Kerpic1
Interna
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the a
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3.2 P
Wall
the f
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16 - Cultural Lan
ational Conferenc
ul Aydin Universi
ing the stru
adobe struct
or concrete
F
Preservatio
ls of adobe
force of rain
r facade. Pl
elements as
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Figure 8.
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ucture over t
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Figure 7. A
on Precauti
structures a
ndrops that
laster is app
well as to o
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the widespr
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on material
pillarities, c
ackups later
. Damage in
30-50cm
Stoneorconcrete
ding After Decay
December 2016
the ground
the floor by
ect the wall
n applicatio
ons Agains
are easily a
increases w
plied to the
obtain a stra
applied by
read use of
ese structure
ls in these t
cement-base
r on (Figure
n a structure
Stoneorconcrete
RAIN
125
is also an i
around 30-
against wat
on of adobe
st Rain and
affected by
with impacti
surface in
aight surfac
spreading i
f cement in
es. While ce
types of app
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e 8) [ 11].
e in which c
N
important a
-50 cm with
ter (Figure 7
walls raise
d Snow Wa
outside we
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order to pro
ce. Plaster is
it in a man
the 20th
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plications, o
raps water i
cement-base
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7).
d from the f
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ather condi
can cause w
otect a struc
s a mortar g
nner that fo
entury, a pla
rder and mo
once water
inside the s
ed plaster w
ry solution.
istant socle
floor.
er Walls
itions. In pa
wear on a str
cture from
generally co
orms a laye
aster with a
ore impervi
seeps into
structure and
was used [11
Raising
(such as
articular,
ructure’s
rain and
omprised
er on the
a cement
ous than
the wall
d causes
1].
15. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
International Conference
Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, 17 December 2016
126
Adobe with increased water resilience called ‘alker’ was produced in studies conducted in
our country at ITÜ. This material was obtained by adding lime and plaster-of-paris to the
soil. The application of alker to outer facades rendered the structure’s outer wall more
resilient against water effects [12].
One of the preventive measures taken to protect outer wall surfaces is to increase the
overhang of roof eaves (Figure 9). Thus, a wider surface swath can be protected in this
manner. The width of the eaves applied in the traditional construction method utilized in
our country is 50 cm. However, the protection of outer structure surfaces in regions with
more precipitation will be easier when this is extended to 70-80 cm or more.
Figure 9. A diagram concerning outer facade protection by applying a wide set of eaves.
3.3 Roof Covering on Adobe Structures
Roof coverings on adobe structures vary according to the climate and materials that are
available in the vicinity. A flat roof covering is generally used in arid and low-precipitation
regions. For a flat roof, a ceiling is formed from materials such as bars, reeds or grass over
rafters laid 40 cm apart whereas mud is spread and compressed over this surface. Slanted
roofs fashioned from reeds and covered with roof tiles can be utilized in rainy regions. A
wooden framework is generally used in the construction of these roofs and a top covering
material is spread over them. Examples of roof coverings are provided in Table 2.
3.4 Protective Measures Against Water in Indoor Spaces
Besides water that can have an impact on a structure from outside, we can also encounter
water problems that originate from the plumbing and humidity inside. Indoor water and
moisture sources spaces are found in kitchen and bathroom units. The most important point
to note about the plumbing for both units is that it be installed in such a way as not to cause
water leakage and that floor and walls are coated after making the necessary checks.
The kitchen counter is the wet section of the kitchen. Covering the counter and behind it
with a coating similar to waterproof ceramic will prevent the problem. Ventilation and a
working range hood will be enough to prevent moisture and steam buildup that forms in
the kitchen environment. Because adobe walls feature a humidity stabilizer characteristic.
As for the bathroom unit, the upper surface coatings need to be applied by using water
insulation materials for the floor and walls. The water insulation layer to be applied over
the floor must have a repellent over it, then covered by a ceramic waterproof coating. The
same method is also valid for the walls. If deemed necessary, a wall covering can be made
with cement-based panels with a thickness of around 8-10 mm. As this material will form a
waterproof surface, you can either create a decorative coating or else it can be used it this
way without any coating material.
16. Kerpic1
Interna
Istanbu
Tabl
A fl
mud
Struc
mater
const
4 CO
The
their
used
impl
Thes
detai
preca
clima
reaso
econ
they
more
Adob
for m
16 - Cultural Lan
ational Conferenc
ul Aydin Universi
le 2. Examp
at roof ma
[13]
cture and
rials in fl
truction [16]
ONCLUSIO
water effec
solutions w
for many y
ementing si
se solutions
iling solutio
autions wh
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ons for pre
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be structure
many years i
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ity, Istanbul, 17 D
ples of roof
ade from
a
A
coating
flat roof
V
r
t
ON
ct, which is
were referre
years and ar
imple, easy
s Show dif
ons and add
ile erecting
graphical fe
eferring ado
hile they do
ome more p
methods and
es which ha
in the future
ding After Decay
December 2016
coverings s
Example of
application i
Ahmet Kaya
View of bea
roof coveri
traditional tec
s one of the
ed to in this
re still used
solutions, r
fferences su
ditive mater
g a buildin
eatures whe
obe structu
not constitu
popular and
materials.
ave been use
e.
127
seen on adob
f tile covere
is the Gümü
house [14]
aring rafters
ing made
chniques
e most imp
study. As i
d by a wide
regardless h
uch as me
rials. Theref
ng in regard
ere the adob
ures is bec
ute a suitab
d be encoura
ed for thous
be structure
d roof
üşhane
Ree
Cou
s in a
using
Vie
roo
[17
portant prob
is seen, adob
segment, c
how much th
asures to b
fore, it is im
ds to wate
be structure
ause they
le method f
aged as low
sands of ye
es
ed covered
untry, Torqu
ew of a ree
f structur
]
blems of ad
be structure
can be prote
hey seem vu
be taken d
mportant an
r protection
is located. T
are eco-fri
for today’s h
w-rise structu
ars look lik
d roof Co
ay, England
d
re
the cob
of Devon
dobe structu
es, which ha
ected from w
ulnerable to
during cons
nd necessary
n according
The most im
iendly, natu
high-rise str
ures with th
ke they will
ockington
[15]
buildings
n [8]
ures, and
ave been
water by
o water.
truction,
y to take
g to the
mportant
ural and
ructures,
he use of
be used
17. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
International Conference
Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, 17 December 2016
128
5 REFERENCES
[1] AubreyHeathcote K., An InvestigationIntotheErodibility of Earth Wall Units,
Doctor of Philosophy, University of Technology Sydney, Pg: 60, 2002.
[2] http://www.ebaa.asn.au/about/earth-building
[3] https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=kerpiçin+kalıplanarak+kurutulması
[4] https://artcarchitects.wordpress.com/environment/tecnologias-y-estrategias-de-
diseno
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammed_earth#/media/File:HouseBuildingInNorthernVietnam.jpg
[6] http://cstones.org/pdfs/uploads/adobe_conservation_handbook_part_2.pdf
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