The document summarizes common types of decay that can occur in adobe structures. It discusses physical decays caused by water and moisture ingress, including cracking of plaster, erosion of materials, and breakdown due to soluble salts. Biological decays from insects, fungi, plants and animals are also explained. Inappropriate renovation materials and techniques can further deteriorate adobe structures by using hard mortars that have differing properties. Maintaining adobe through periodic repairs and protecting from water are important to prevent decays that can compromise the structural integrity over time.
Kerpiç yapılarda suyun bozunması ve alınması gereken önlemler (Decay of wate...yusuf kopal
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plaster, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to take Doç.Dr.Murat DALSeyitcan Güngör
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to takeIlhan Söylemez
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to takeSeyitcan Güngör
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to takeAhmet Konus
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
The Soiling Defects of Airborne Particulates towards Museum Artefacts: Insigh...Conferenceproceedings
This document summarizes a research paper that reviewed literature on the effects of airborne particulates on the soiling of artifacts in museums. The research aims to characterize airborne particulates found indoors at the National Museum and Textiles Museum in Kuala Lumpur, identify how particles transfer to artifact surfaces, and measure soiling rates on different artifacts. Data collection involved sampling airborne particles and analyzing their composition. The significant finding was the soiling rates of particulates at the two museums. The research can help develop low-cost techniques to control particle deposition and save preservation costs.
Kerpiç yapılarda suyun bozunması ve alınması gereken önlemler (Decay of wate...yusuf kopal
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plaster, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to take Doç.Dr.Murat DALSeyitcan Güngör
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to takeIlhan Söylemez
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to takeSeyitcan Güngör
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to takeAhmet Konus
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on kerpiç'16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay held on December 17-18, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey. It was organized by Istanbul Aydin University and the Kerpiç Network. The conference focused on rebuilding cultural landscapes after disasters, wars, and terrorism. It included papers on case studies of rebuilding efforts in Turkey and other countries, standards and guidelines for reconstruction, and advances in research on earthen architecture. One paper specifically discussed measures that can be taken to protect adobe structures from water deterioration, such as drainage systems, raised foundations, protective plasters, and waterproof coatings.
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
The Soiling Defects of Airborne Particulates towards Museum Artefacts: Insigh...Conferenceproceedings
This document summarizes a research paper that reviewed literature on the effects of airborne particulates on the soiling of artifacts in museums. The research aims to characterize airborne particulates found indoors at the National Museum and Textiles Museum in Kuala Lumpur, identify how particles transfer to artifact surfaces, and measure soiling rates on different artifacts. Data collection involved sampling airborne particles and analyzing their composition. The significant finding was the soiling rates of particulates at the two museums. The research can help develop low-cost techniques to control particle deposition and save preservation costs.
This document outlines the syllabus for the subject of Environmental Studies for various bachelor's degree programs. It covers topics like the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies, social and environmental issues, human population and the environment, natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, environmental pollution, and field work. The syllabus is divided into three parts - short answer questions, essay questions with internal choice, and an essay on field work. Environmental Studies is a compulsory subject that will be examined in a three-hour theory exam with a common question paper of 100 marks for all programs. Colleges are responsible for teaching the subject, conducting exams, and evaluating answer books.
This document provides an overview of an Architectural Conservation course, including:
- The course covers conservation basics, principles, history, and practices at both the building and urban scale.
- Conservation involves maintenance and may include preservation, restoration, reconstruction, and adaptation.
- Key methods of conservation include preservation, maintenance, restoration, adaptation, and reconstruction.
- Conservation aims to retain the cultural significance of historic places and includes tangible and intangible heritage.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies interms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential shortcomings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
The 5th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology was held on September 1-2, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey and hosted by the World Association for Scientific Research and Technical Innovation. Many international delegates from various countries participated and presented their research. The conference provided scholarships to promote student and researcher participation. Topics discussed included the use of sewage sludge in agriculture. Best paper awards were given to participants with the best scholarly submissions. Photos and videos from the conference are available online along with downloadable proceedings.
Prof. Anil Laul is an Indian architect and urban planner known for his sensitivity to the needs of the poor and use of traditional materials and methods. He founded the Anangpur Building Centre and ASHRA. Some of his notable works include the Jaunapur Slum Resettlement in Delhi, Deepalaya School, and the Anangpur Building Centre residence. He advocates for recycling and minimal use of resources in his eco-friendly designs that are rooted in community and tradition.
The document summarizes the 3rd International Conference on "Changing Cities" which will take place from 26-30 June 2017 on the Greek islands of Syros, Delos, and Mykonos. It provides information on registration fees, included activities, submission and publication details. The conference will focus on the main theme of "European cities & Migration" and include sessions on topics like urban design, planning, landscapes, architecture, cultures, heritage, environment, transportation, economies, and smart cities. Keynote speakers are listed from universities in Europe and Turkey.
Architecture Abstracts 8Th Annual International ConferenceTracy Drey
Fani Balaska
Chair: Maria Joao Soares
1. Gizem Saka, Assistant Professor, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. Art and Architecture
Interaction: Critical Practices within an Interdisciplinary Context.
2. Laura Gallardo Frias, Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain & Maria Isabel Toledo Jofre,
Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. Link: Architectural Projects - Inhabitants, Through
Ethnography.
3. Ana Maria Moya Pellitero, Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal & Victoria Hunter,
Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal. The Somatic Landscape of Urban Mult
Padma Shri Achyut Kanvinde was an Indian architect active in the 20th century who helped modernize Indian architecture. He studied at Sir J.J. School of Arts in Bombay and Harvard University under Walter Gropius. Kanvinde embraced functionalism and sought to design buildings focused on functionality with minimal decoration. He believed architecture should emerge from the logical arrangement of interior spaces. Kanvinde introduced modern architecture to India while innovatively blending technology and aesthetics. He had a human-centered approach and aimed to bring buildings down to a human scale.
Global tourism is widely expected to be a growing industry. But in the wake of globalization places have increasingly become destinations, and can be seen both as relatively independent and also interwoven in complex relations of cooperation, competition or interdependency. In order to succeed in a global environment, destination management and branding has therefore become a relevant topic for the tourism industry, which is also true for the Mediterranean region
This document discusses using plants as architectural, engineering, and aesthetic tools in landscape design. It addresses several key points:
1) Plants can complement and reinforce existing architectural designs by softening angles, emphasizing horizontal or vertical lines, and framing views. They can also be used to create 3-dimensional outdoor spaces when arranged as hedges or plant masses.
2) From an engineering perspective, plants can modify the environment by controlling climatic variables like temperature, humidity, wind, and pollution.
3) Aesthetically, different plant textures, colors, growth habits, and seasonal patterns provide visual interest similar to wallpaper and allow designers to enclose outdoor rooms.
The document emphasizes that proper
This document outlines a thesis proposal titled "Agritecture (The Urban Ecology and Hortus Conclusus)" that explores integrating agriculture and architecture. The proposal discusses the concepts of hortus conclusus and agritecture, cites problems with loss of agricultural land and increasing carbon footprints, and motivates the project based on influencing and being influenced by urban ecosystems. The objectives are to invoke belonging and sensory experiences through architecture, design multifunctional food-producing spaces, reflect the essence of hortus conclusus, and create an off-grid passive design. Case studies and literature will be analyzed and the expected outcome is an architectural design that preserves nature and helps produce food to address future challenges.
The environment has been erroneously perceived as a god’s-given resource to be explored and exploited for production of goods and services necessary for the satisfaction of human needs and comfort. This perception inspired man to engage in breath-taking explorations into the huge vaults of the heavens with ozone layer depletion, green house effect as consequences resulting to global warming, climate change, loss of biodiversity on one hand and pollution, deforestation, flooding, draught, famine, flood, extreme weather events on the other hand, as global catastrophic threats to human kind. These problems have become a major concern of the international community who has called for a new type of education for a better understanding of the complexity of the problems of the environment as well as for effective management of environmental resources. This type of education is referred to as environmental education. This paper explored the library as a medium for the dissemination of knowledge of the environment and its problems. It explored various ways through which knowledge of environmental problems and their prevention is promoted through the instrumentality of the library. It concludes that library as a reservoir of knowledge should be equipped with materials containing information on environmental problems and as well as be made accessible to all humans in every part of the globe.| Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
A definition of authenticity concept in conservation of cultural landscapesDorna Eshrati
Cultural landscape can be defined as the result of human interaction with nature over time, which has led to the formation of the many and diverse layers of value. Currently, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has a unique role among other scientific associations. In recent years, the World Heritage Center has put efforts into developing a framework and measures for evaluation and management of cultural landscapes. Moreover, the concept of authenticity; as the transmitter of values and significance of cultural landscape, is considered as the key component in the process of cultural landscape conservation. A lot of scientific resources have pointed out the importance of authenticity in the process of conserving cultural landscapes. However, the role of authenticity within the domain of conservation of cultural landscapes has received little attention. One of the main reasons can be lack of adaptation between conventional definitions of UNESCO and international documents concerning the authenticity for including the flexible and dynamic structure of cultural landscapes around the world. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore and develop a flexible framework in order to redefine the concept of authenticity in relation to cultural landscapes, which has some overlaps with UNESCO definitions despite its differences. For developing this framework, Iranian-Islamic philosophy of Mollasadra is applied and described with some examples of cultural landscapes in Iran.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i1.473
C.A. Doxiadis was a Greek architect and town planner who is best known for designing the city of Islamabad, Pakistan's capital city. He graduated with architectural engineering and doctoral degrees from universities in Athens and Berlin. Doxiadis planned Islamabad according to hierarchical and sustainable principles - the city has extensive green spaces integrated throughout and a transportation network that separates vehicles, public transit, bicycles and pedestrians to reduce congestion. The master plan for Islamabad and the surrounding region was based on Doxiadis' concept of a "Dynametropolis", allowing the areas to dynamically expand over time.
Role on alterations of biyological organisms on natural stones Doç.Dr.Murat DALSeyitcan Güngör
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
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This document outlines the syllabus for the subject of Environmental Studies for various bachelor's degree programs. It covers topics like the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies, social and environmental issues, human population and the environment, natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, environmental pollution, and field work. The syllabus is divided into three parts - short answer questions, essay questions with internal choice, and an essay on field work. Environmental Studies is a compulsory subject that will be examined in a three-hour theory exam with a common question paper of 100 marks for all programs. Colleges are responsible for teaching the subject, conducting exams, and evaluating answer books.
This document provides an overview of an Architectural Conservation course, including:
- The course covers conservation basics, principles, history, and practices at both the building and urban scale.
- Conservation involves maintenance and may include preservation, restoration, reconstruction, and adaptation.
- Key methods of conservation include preservation, maintenance, restoration, adaptation, and reconstruction.
- Conservation aims to retain the cultural significance of historic places and includes tangible and intangible heritage.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies interms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential shortcomings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
Typology and Solar Gain Analysis: Vernacular Courtyard Houses of Tabriz, IranIEREK Press
The study presents the results of typological analysis and simulation modeling analysis of traditional courtyard residential houses in the cold semi-arid climate of Iran. The purpose of the research has been to analyze and evaluate traditional passive environmental strategies and their elements to provide implications for the design of sustainable residential buildings in contemporary time. Five existing traditional courtyard houses in the city of Tabriz, Iran, are used as case-studies to analyze the typology and the solar zoning conditions and to develop simulation models. The Ecotect simulation program is used to calculate the solar gains of the buildings and to analyze the effectiveness of the natural passive systems along with native design strategies in terms of potential solar gains of main and secondary living spaces. However, in the vernacular, not only the awareness of the climatic and topological considerations is important, but also the values, rituals, and beliefs that shape the design of the dwellings need to be considered. The research is based on the hypothesis that vernacular buildings (courtyard houses) of Iran have been environmentally sustainable structures. However, an important challenge of the study has been to avoid the technological bias and to consider the cultural and social aspects and embodiment of the studied houses, as well. The study also addresses the potential short comings that limit the reliability of Iranian vernacular architecture at present in order to arrive at a more holistic understanding of the sustainability of the vernacular architecture in the country.
The 5th International Conference on Researches in Science and Technology was held on September 1-2, 2016 in Istanbul, Turkey and hosted by the World Association for Scientific Research and Technical Innovation. Many international delegates from various countries participated and presented their research. The conference provided scholarships to promote student and researcher participation. Topics discussed included the use of sewage sludge in agriculture. Best paper awards were given to participants with the best scholarly submissions. Photos and videos from the conference are available online along with downloadable proceedings.
Prof. Anil Laul is an Indian architect and urban planner known for his sensitivity to the needs of the poor and use of traditional materials and methods. He founded the Anangpur Building Centre and ASHRA. Some of his notable works include the Jaunapur Slum Resettlement in Delhi, Deepalaya School, and the Anangpur Building Centre residence. He advocates for recycling and minimal use of resources in his eco-friendly designs that are rooted in community and tradition.
The document summarizes the 3rd International Conference on "Changing Cities" which will take place from 26-30 June 2017 on the Greek islands of Syros, Delos, and Mykonos. It provides information on registration fees, included activities, submission and publication details. The conference will focus on the main theme of "European cities & Migration" and include sessions on topics like urban design, planning, landscapes, architecture, cultures, heritage, environment, transportation, economies, and smart cities. Keynote speakers are listed from universities in Europe and Turkey.
Architecture Abstracts 8Th Annual International ConferenceTracy Drey
Fani Balaska
Chair: Maria Joao Soares
1. Gizem Saka, Assistant Professor, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. Art and Architecture
Interaction: Critical Practices within an Interdisciplinary Context.
2. Laura Gallardo Frias, Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain & Maria Isabel Toledo Jofre,
Professor, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. Link: Architectural Projects - Inhabitants, Through
Ethnography.
3. Ana Maria Moya Pellitero, Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal & Victoria Hunter,
Researcher, University of Évora, Portugal. The Somatic Landscape of Urban Mult
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Global tourism is widely expected to be a growing industry. But in the wake of globalization places have increasingly become destinations, and can be seen both as relatively independent and also interwoven in complex relations of cooperation, competition or interdependency. In order to succeed in a global environment, destination management and branding has therefore become a relevant topic for the tourism industry, which is also true for the Mediterranean region
This document discusses using plants as architectural, engineering, and aesthetic tools in landscape design. It addresses several key points:
1) Plants can complement and reinforce existing architectural designs by softening angles, emphasizing horizontal or vertical lines, and framing views. They can also be used to create 3-dimensional outdoor spaces when arranged as hedges or plant masses.
2) From an engineering perspective, plants can modify the environment by controlling climatic variables like temperature, humidity, wind, and pollution.
3) Aesthetically, different plant textures, colors, growth habits, and seasonal patterns provide visual interest similar to wallpaper and allow designers to enclose outdoor rooms.
The document emphasizes that proper
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The environment has been erroneously perceived as a god’s-given resource to be explored and exploited for production of goods and services necessary for the satisfaction of human needs and comfort. This perception inspired man to engage in breath-taking explorations into the huge vaults of the heavens with ozone layer depletion, green house effect as consequences resulting to global warming, climate change, loss of biodiversity on one hand and pollution, deforestation, flooding, draught, famine, flood, extreme weather events on the other hand, as global catastrophic threats to human kind. These problems have become a major concern of the international community who has called for a new type of education for a better understanding of the complexity of the problems of the environment as well as for effective management of environmental resources. This type of education is referred to as environmental education. This paper explored the library as a medium for the dissemination of knowledge of the environment and its problems. It explored various ways through which knowledge of environmental problems and their prevention is promoted through the instrumentality of the library. It concludes that library as a reservoir of knowledge should be equipped with materials containing information on environmental problems and as well as be made accessible to all humans in every part of the globe.| Publisher: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
A definition of authenticity concept in conservation of cultural landscapesDorna Eshrati
Cultural landscape can be defined as the result of human interaction with nature over time, which has led to the formation of the many and diverse layers of value. Currently, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has a unique role among other scientific associations. In recent years, the World Heritage Center has put efforts into developing a framework and measures for evaluation and management of cultural landscapes. Moreover, the concept of authenticity; as the transmitter of values and significance of cultural landscape, is considered as the key component in the process of cultural landscape conservation. A lot of scientific resources have pointed out the importance of authenticity in the process of conserving cultural landscapes. However, the role of authenticity within the domain of conservation of cultural landscapes has received little attention. One of the main reasons can be lack of adaptation between conventional definitions of UNESCO and international documents concerning the authenticity for including the flexible and dynamic structure of cultural landscapes around the world. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore and develop a flexible framework in order to redefine the concept of authenticity in relation to cultural landscapes, which has some overlaps with UNESCO definitions despite its differences. For developing this framework, Iranian-Islamic philosophy of Mollasadra is applied and described with some examples of cultural landscapes in Iran.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i1.473
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Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials
1. I
PROCEEDINGS
For the Fifth International Conference
kerpiç'16
Cultural Landscape:
Rebuilding after Decay
17-18 December 2016
Organized by
Istanbul Aydın University
Kerpiç Network
2. II
ISBN:..................................
Proceedings for the
5. International Conference kerpiç'16
Cultural Landscape:
Rebuilding after Decay
17-18 December 2016
Organized by
Istanbul Aydın University
Kerpiç Network
Themes of the Conference
1. Rebuilding cultural landscape after disaster, war, terrorism
2. Social, cultural, touristic reuses of heritage
3.Commercial development
4. Changes in traditional heritage value of society
5. Housing environment
6. Standards and guidelines for rebuilding
7. Advances in researches
Printed by
Print Date
DECEMBER 2016
3. III
Conference Chair
Prof.Dr.Bilge IŞIK
Book Editor
Prof.Dr. Bilge IŞIK
Associate Editor
Asst.Prof.Dr. Gökçen F. Yücel
Conference Secretary
Asst.Prof.Dr. GökçenFirdevs YÜCEL
Organizing Committee
Prof. Dr. Bilge IŞIK
(Istanbul Aydın University)
Asst.Prof.Dr. GökçenFirdevs YÜCEL
(Istanbul Aydın University)
Asst. Prof. SeyhanYardımlı
(Istanbul Aydın University)
Book Graphic Design
Instructor Ozan Sagat
Istanbul Aydın University
Faculty of Architecture and Design
Beşyol, Florya, Istanbul, Turkey
htpp://www.aydin.edu.tr
info@aydin.edu.tr
http://kerpicc2016.wixsite.com/kerpic2016
4. IV
Dear Colleagues,
Istanbul Aydin University and The Kerpiç Network are pleased to welcome you to the fifht
International Conference on kerpic’16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay,17-
18December 2016, Istanbul, Turkey.
Kerpiç–network is carrying researches over thirty years on durability, seismic response and
production techniques on earthen construction material. Durability researches are based
on gypsum & lime stabilization of earth, called “alker”; seismic response researches are
based on horizontal energy dissipation surfaces in the load bearing walls and production
techniques are based on compacting and shote-crete production of earthen walls
The conference scope will focus on Diyarbakır‐ SUR area in Turkey or on nearly problems
arround the world, and the study will range from the graduate programs, preparing the
students to the contemporary knowledge and skills, and bring together the academics and
professionals to exchange findings and experience. It will be an opportunity to understand
the strategy and the advances of the Cultural Landscape.
Our deepest thanks goes to ICOMOS, ISCEAH members who supported the conference as
scientific committee.
It is our pleasure to welcome you to the international conference kerpic’16.
Prof. Dr. Bilge IŞIK, Conference Chair
5. V
HONOUR COMMITTEE
Mustafa AYDIN, Dr.,Istanbul Aydin University Board of Trustees Chairman
Yadigar IZMIRLI, Prof.Dr.,Rector,Istanbul Aydin University
Turhan Nejat ARAL,Prof.Dr., Dean, Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Architecture and Design
HüseyinErol AKATA,Prof.Dr., Dean, Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Engineering
Murat ERGİNÖZ, Prof.Dr., Head of Interior Architecture Department
Prof.Dr. Hasan SAYGIN,Prof.Dr., Istanbul Aydin University, Faculty of Engineering
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Bilge IŞIK, CONFERENCE CHAIR, ICOMOS ISCEAH (International Scientific Committee of
Earthen Architectural Heritage), Istanbul Aydin University
Turhan Nejat ARAL (IAU‐TR),
Murat ERGİNÖZ (IAU‐TR),
Fatma SEDES (IAU‐TR),
Zülküf GÜNELİ (Dicle Uni‐TR),
Eser GÜLTEKİN (Çoruh,Uni. TR),
Dilek YILDIZ (İTÜ‐TR),
Şefika ERGİN (Dicle Uni.‐TR),
Tülay TULUN (İTÜ‐ TR),
Hüseyin AYATULLAHI (Yazd Uni.‐Iran),
Mohammad Yosof ALAIDAROOS (ICOMOS‐Saudi Arabia),
Randolph LANGENBACH (USA),
Marcial BLONDET (ISCEAH‐Peru),
Severio MECCA (Uni.Florence‐Italy),
Gouhar SHEMDIN (ISCEAH‐Canada),
Humberto VARUM (ISCEAH‐ Portugal),
Rasool VATANDOUST (ISCElAH‐ Iran),
Pete WALKER (ISCEAH‐ Director BRE Centre, England).
6. VI
Kerpic’16 - Cultural Landscape: Rebuilding after Decay,
5. International Conference
17-18 December 2016, Istanbul Aydın University, Turkey
OPENING REMARKS
Speaker 1. Prof.Dr. Bilge IŞIK (Conference Chair)
Speaker 2. Prof.Dr. Yadigar IZMIRLI (Rector)
Speaker 3. Prof.Dr. CelalNazımİrem (Unesco Chair, IAU)
7. VII
CONTENTS
1. Prof. Dr. MarcialBlondet, Nicola Tarque, Julio Vargas,
Pontifical Catholic University, Lima, Peru
(Re)construction of earthquake-resistant earthen buildings
1
2. Assoc.Dr. F. MeralHalifeoğlu,
Dicle University Faculty of Architecture, Diyarbakır, Turkey
The culture of the city regaining a historical mansion in Diyarbakır: CemilPasa
mansion
10
3. Assoc.Dr. Kamuran Sami,
Dicle University Faculty of Architecture, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Diyarbakır historical Suriçi and a conflicting environment: a cultural heritage with its
color fadded and devastation of collective memory
18
4. Assoc.Dr. Seyed Mohammad Hossein Ayatollahi, Fatemeh M. Bafghi, Amir
S.Pakseresht,
Yazd University, School of Art and Architecture, Yazd, IRAN
The role of wind as a generator of cultural landscape in desert climate of Iran
19
5. Dr. SomayehOmidvari, Elaheh Golzari,
Yazd University School of Art and Architecture, Yazd, Iran
Tourism of Qanat: renewal after drought
27
6. Asst.Prof.Dr. NerimanFarahza, Sassan Seyedkalal, Yazd University School of
Art and Architecture, Yazd, Iran
Vazir historical complex: past, present, future
conservation, restoration, rehabilitation and revitalization
35
7. Prof.Dr.ZülküfGüneli,
IAU, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul,Turkey
Urban texture and identity from past to present in Diyarbakır Suriçi
44
8. Dr.ŞenizAtik, AltanAtik, MerveÖzkılıç,
IAU, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul, Turkey
Reconstruction of cultural landscape after disasters
45
9. AyselTarım, Asst.Prof.Dr. SibelHattap,
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey
Global rebuilding: Cumalıkızık Case
58
10. Asst.Prof.Dr. Murat DAL,Munzur University,
Department of Civil Engineering, Tunceli, Turkey
Decay occuring in the structure in the adobe materials
71
8. VIII
11. Asst.Prof.Dr. FatmaSedes,
IAU, Architecture Restoration Program, Istanbul, Turkey
Man’s decay to historical environment in Zeyrek: a change on the physical texture
81
12. Asst.Prof.Dr. ŞefikaErgin,Dicle
University Faculty of Architecture, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Cultural landscape in the rural settlements of Diyarbakır province
92
13. Chiara Braucher, MattiaGiandomenici,
Genova, Italy
Lessons from Van territory (step 1) adobe construction heritage, technics
105
14. Asst.Prof.Dr. SeyhanYardımlı, Murat Dal,
Istanbul Aydin University Faculty of Architecture and Design, Istanbul, Turkey
Water deterioration in adobe structures and measures to take
120
15. Negar Javadi, Sara Khooshro,
Iran
Temporary Accommodation and Build shelter for survivors of disasters (Sur-Turkey)
129
9. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
International Conference
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Decays occuring in the structure in adobe materials
Murat DAL
Munzur University, Department of Civil
Engineering, Tunceli.
muratdal@munzur.edu.tr
ABSTRACT
The defects occuring in the structure of the adobe materials are directly related to the
structure of the materias used in the production of adobe, production techniques and
related to the environmental conditions. In order to understand the reasons which cause the
defect, decay types and the decay causes must be understanded. Reasons causing a
disorder in the structure of adobe are divided into two groups such as physical and
biological reasons. In order to detect the source problems, decays in adobe buildings were
grouped and the sort of the decays were considered. The most important sources of the
decays are the water and the moisture.
Keywords: Adobe, water - moisture, structure, defect, decay
1 INTRODUCTION
Adobe is a construction material obtained by mixing clayey soil of suitable qualities with
hay or other vegetable fibers (material such as reedy plants, weeds, hemp fibers, waste hay
gathered from barn feed, dry briar brush, pine needles, tree branches, sawdust, etc,),
kneading the mixture with water and shaping it by pouring it into molds and having it dry
outside [1]. The microstructure characteristics in adobe material offer differences
according to the composite materials. (Figure 1).
30% of the world’s population lives in adobe structures (Figure 2). Approximately 50% of
the populations of developing countries, 20% of urban populations, as well as the majority
of rural populations live in earthen and earthen-based structures [2, 3].
10. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
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Figure 1. Microscopic view of adobe materiasl under a polarized microscope [1].
Adobe structure is the oldest construction type, dating back approximately 9000 years [3].
In order to sustain their lives, people benefitted from the natural materials found in their
proximity, such as earth and trees. Adobe was used during early civilization in areas where
natural building materials such as stone and timber didn’t exist. The Sumerians, Assyrians,
Egyptians and Hittites used adobe to construct masonry (bearing) structures. Besides
homes, this earthern material was used since prehistoric times in monumental structures
such as barns, palaces, fortresses, cities walls, and towers [4, 5] (Figure 3, Figure 4).
Amongst the regions where adobe is commonly used are; Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley,
North Africa, Mali, Morocco, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Afghanistan, India, China, Sweden,
Germany, Denmark, France (15% of its population), Spain, Portugal, England, South
America, Mexico, and especially in California, where construction of adobe structures
rises by 30% a year [2].
The positive aspects to traditional adobe [9, 10, 11, 12]: Soil, which is the main ingredient
of adobe, is found in every region. It is easily produced and doesn’t require much technical
knowledge. It’s low cost and labor fees are cheap. It offers decent insulation against cold
and hot temperature conditions. It provides heat insulation in buildings. It is fire-resistant.
It provided sound insulation, depending on the material characterstics. It consumes little
energy in its production and utilization. For instance, while 300 – 500 kw/h energy is
required to produce 1 m³ of concrete, only 3 – 5 kw/h energy is sufficient to obtain the
same amount of adobe. It doesn’t spoil the environment. It’s impervious to pest and it’s
easy to maintain and repair.
The negative aspects of traditional adobe [9, 13]: It is vulnerable against water. Its
production depends on weather conditions as adobe cannot be produced in wet weather. It
exhibits disintegration subject to tensioning, buckling and cracking during the drying
process. Tensioning and contraction forms in its internal structure due to temperature
fluctuations. It requires regular maintenance and repairs.
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Figure 2. Disdtribution of people living in a building made of adobe material [2].
Figure 3. Settlemenet buildings constructed from adobe material, Akçadağ [7].
Adobe structures are rare structures that are adversely affected by atmospheric weather
conditions. They are structures that suffer heavy damage, particularly from rain, snow and
wind. Moreover, degradation is commonly seen from the standpoint of fires, earthquakes
and the use of faulty material.
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Figure 4. A house constructed from adobe materials, Cumalıkızık, Bursa [8].
2 DECAYS OF THE ADOBE STRUCTURES
The defects occuring in the structure of the adobe materials are directly related to the
structure of the materias used in the production of adobe, production techniques and
related to the environmental conditions. In order to understand the reasons which cause the
defetct, decay types and the decay causes must be understanded. Reasons causing a
disorder in the structure of adobe are divided into two groups such as physical and
biological reasons. The most important sources of the decays are the water and the
moisture.
2.1 Physical Deterioration
Water accumulating on adobe structure floors in the form of rain and snow causes damage
to structure facades as it creeps up the façades via capillary suction. Disintegration and
degradation is seen in these façade due to water and moisture factors. Soluble salts found
in high amounts in the soil used in the making of adobe material bring on structural
problems. Adobe in structures that are exposed to this situation begin to break down with
the rainwater. Raindrops striking wall surfaces in windy weather cause piece breakage in
the wall. [14, 15, 16, 17, 18].
Degradation of the north facade of adobe structures impacted by snow, rain and wind such
as plaster cracking (Figure 5), plaster damage (Figure 6), and erosion of adobe materials
(Figure 7, Figure 8) is commonly encountered[19].
13. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
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Figure 5. Decays caused by rain at the sides of the building with and without effect of the
wind.
Figure 6. Decays caused by rain at the most outer plaster of the adobe building. The
decays does not look esthetic.
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Figure7. Since a periodical maintenance on the building was not done, the plaster and the
paint of the building felt down.
2.2 Biyological Degradation
Hay, etc. and other vegetation used in the making of adobe is a source of nutrition for ants
and other life forms. Reptiles, rodents, insects, bacteria, fungi and vegetation species that
live in the soil environment play active roles in the degradation of adobe structures. For
instance, life forms that feed off plant roots in the adobe structure cause the weakening,
breakdown and erosion of the adobe by opening channels to reach the roots of these plants
[20, 21] (Figure 8, Figure 9).
Figure 8. A view of a wall made of adobe material which consists of big agregate[22].
15. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
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Figure 9. Plants growing up in an adobe house causes biological decays. Adobe
constructed building in Dodoma, Tanzania [23].
2.3 Deterioration Due To Inappropriate Use Of Materials and Faulty Interventions
The high percentage of soluble salts contained in mortar structures with Portland cement
used in adobe renovations causes major damage as the renovated structure is very hard and
possesses a different thermal expansion coefficient [24].
Figure 10. Decays caused by unappropriate materials used in the construction [21].
2.4 Earthquake Damage
Adobe structures are very heavy structures. A layer of mud plaster during annual repairs
adds additional weight to the structure. The balance of the walls bearing the weight of the
structure is ruined and collapses as it tips over in a minor earthquake [25, 26].
As is seen in Figure 11, some of the adobe structures and the masonry with rubble and
earthen mortar stone wall experienced major damage in an earthquake that struck Elazığ on
8 Mart 2010. When in fact, had a suitable design and project with proper production
techniques and production materials been inplemented, these adobe structures would have
been sufficiently resistant against such an earthquake [27] (Figure 11).
16. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
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Figure 11. Destroyed adobe buildings in Elazığ earthquake[27].
3 CONCLUSION
In order to detect the source of the problems, decays in adobe buildings were groupped and
the sort of the decays were considered. A great deal of structural damage stemming from
water-moisture exists in buildings constructed from adobe materials. Adobe structures built
in accordance with technical specifications are quite durable. Because the wall element
block and mortar is soil-based, the adobe walls, which exhibit a homogenous cutaway and
characteristic, are sufficiently perserved from the effects of rain and frost and are more
durable than rubble masonry structure walls. Adobe structuresı are also more durable than
structures with flat roofs, masonry and mud mortar in earthquakes. However, There are
some matters that need to be taken into consideration while formulating adobe structures.
The life of the structure will be extended and they’ll be relatively healthier than other
structures as long as these matters are adhered to. First and foremost is that the structure’s
foundation section must be made from stone by using concrete mortar. Whenever mud
mortar is used instead of concrete mortar, the effect of moisture and water causes major
damage to the foundation and reduces the building’s resistance. The adobe material to be
used after emerging from the foundation must be in accordance with regulations. The soil
to be used must have a high element of cohesiveness and should not contain very large
aggregate. Grouting needs to be cut straight and bands need to be shot between them.
Water-moisture insulation needs to be applied to the structure’s outer surface in order to
avoid such detrimental affects. Problems shall not occur with the building’s durability if
the insulation is applied properly. The greatest problems are seen particularly with water
flowing off the roof or the wind blasting the rain onto the outer walls. In comparing the
facades that are exposed to the wind and those that are not, it is seen that the outer earthern
mortar flakes off together with the rain. As there is no such situation on the facade not
exposed to the wind, its mortar appears as sound as it was when it was first applied. For
this reason, the application of anti-moisture insulation will eliminate several problems.
Measures need be taken in regards to insulation against rising ground water and humidity
in the flooring and walls. The rain and snow running off the roof must dissolve in a manner
so as not to ruin the adobe materials, and be removed from the structure in the most
convenient manner. Today’s insulation materials, techniques and Technologies must be
utilized in the expulsion of the water on the roof.As a result of this study, damage incurred
in adobe structures was observed to occur due to precipitation, ground water, water
flowing off roof eaves, neglect, lack of interest and misuse.
17. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
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18. Kerpic16 - Cultural Landscape, Rebuilding After Decay
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