This document discusses waste management and processing of various tuber crops including potato, cassava, yam, and sweet potato. It provides an introduction to tubers and then sections on processing waste from each individual crop. For potato waste, it describes using a co-culture to produce bioethanol and enrich nutrients in the leftover residue. For cassava waste, it discusses byproducts processing. Sections on yam and sweet potato waste processing also focus on byproducts. Two case studies are included, one on vermicomposting of cassava and sweet potato waste over time, and another reviewing production of biofertilizer from various tuber crop wastes via solid state fermentation over multiple batches.

1. WASTE
MANAGEMENT
OF TUBER
CROPS
SREENIDHI.K
MTECH-FBT(III)

2. INTRODUCTION
POTATO
CASSAVA
YAM
01
02
03
04
Table of contents
02 04
SWEET POTATO CASE STUDY-I,II

3. 01
INTRODUCTION

4. Introduction
• WASTE: It is any unwanted, undesirable, discarded or intended to be discarded
material left over the Completion of a certain process.
• Tubers :
 Enlarged structures used as storage organs for nutrients
 used for the plant's perennation (survival of the winter or dry months)
 to provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growing season
 Common plant species with stem tubers include potato and yam
 Examples of modified lateral roots(root tubers) are sweet potato, cassava, and dahlia.
POTATO CASSAVA SWEET POTATO YAM

5. 02
POTATO
PROCESSING

6. Ethanol production from potato peel and mash waste by employing co-
culture of Aspergillus niger , Saccharomyces cerviciae at various incubation
time (24–120 h) instead of application of enzymes.
The solid state fermentation of potato peel and mash inoculated with co-
culture, resulted in bioethanol production of 6.18% (v/v) and 9.30% (v/v)
respectively
In the second part of the work, the residue obtained after ethanol production
was inoculated with seven different microorganisms (Nostoc muscorum,
Fischerella muscicola, Anabaena variabilis, Aulosira fertilissima,
Cylindrospermum muscicola, Azospirillium lipoferum, Azotobacter
chroococcum) and mixture of all the organisms in equal ratio for nitrogen (N),
phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) enrichment
Among them, A. variabilis was found to enrich N, P and K content of the residue
by nearly 7.66, 21.66 and 15 fold than that of the initial content, ultimately leading
to improved N:P:K ratio of approximately 2:1:1

7. 03
CASSAVA
PROCESSING

8. BY
PRODUCTS
PROCESSING

9. 04
YAM
PROCESSING

10. BY
PRODUCTS
PROCESSING
PROTEIN
ENRICHED
YAM
PEELS

11. 04
SWEET POTATO
PROCESSING

12. BY
PRODUCTS
PROCESSING
SWEET
POTATO
BISCUITS

13. CASE STUDY I:Effect of Tuber Crop Wastes/Byproducts on Nutritional and Microbial
Composition of Vermicomposts and Duration of the Vermicomposting Process
■ A pot culture experiment on vermicomposting of cassava and sweet potato
wastes/byproducts was conducted for March–May (season I) and June–August (season II).
■ The study revealed that the vermicompost prepared from biomass and byproducts of tuber
crops had fairly higher levels of nitrogen (1.12–2.23%), phosphorus (0.26–0.88%), and
potassium (0.33–1.29%) compared to initial status.
■ Cassava thippi (tuber residue) required 40–43 days for the complete conversion into
vermicompost, whereas all other biomass and byproducts needed more time (43–65 days).
The rate of increase of earthworm weight and population was higher in vermicompost made
from cassava and sweet potato thippi.
■ Microbial counts indicated that populations of bacteria and fungi were higher in season I,
whereas actinomycetes were higher in season II. The study indicated that all the biomass
and byproducts of tuber crops can be effectively converted into high-value vermicompost

14. CASE STUDY II:PRODUCTION OF BIO FERTILIZER FROM TUBER CROPS WASTE - AN
REVIEW
■ Tuber – wastes were collected from the market. The five different tubers
waste used for the present study are cassava, potato, sweet potato, beet
root and carrot.
■ Thousand grams of tuber crop wastes was placed in a polythene bottle
which has a capacity of 5 L. Two hundred milliliters of water was added to
it.
■ The bottle was kept undisturbed for 30 -40 days until the soluble product
was formed. This soluble product was filtered with a fabricated filter. The
fermented solution is the first batch biofertilizers produced.
■ Hundred milliliters of this filtered solution was used as inoculums
precursor to the next SSF process. 500 g of new tuber crop wastes were
placed in a polythene bottle.
■ The precursor increases the rate of fermentation and minimizes the
duration of SSF process. The bottle was kept undisturbed for 20-30 days at
room temperature until the soluble product was formed. This soluble
product was filtered with a fabricated filter. This filtered solution is called
second batch biofertilizer.

15. CASE STUDY II:PRODUCTION OF BIO FERTILIZER FROM TUBER CROPS WASTE - AN
REVIEW
■ The tuber crop wastes used were cassava, potato, sweet potato, carrot
and beet root.
■ Solid state fermentation aided in the formation of soluble product and
helped to produce the microorganism such as bacteria, fungi and yeast.
The fermented solution was applied to vegetation to check the efficiency
of the Biofertilizer.
■ The soil collected and testes showed better seed germination due to the
presence of Aspergillus spp. It was also able to prevent root diseases

16. REFERENCES
1. https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01933.x
2. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dN63kyRSXdAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA123&dq=BY
+PRODUCTS+OF+TUBER+CROPS+PROCESSING&ots=lcecVZaIOK&sig=SCw2sP_ Xj78bR4YNl
VdnBpqbwW8
3. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jb/2011/801703/
4. https://www.manage.gov.in/ftf-itt/prgReports/tubercrops.pdf
5. https://www.manage.gov.in/ftf-itt/prgReports/tubercrops.pdf

17. THANK YOU