Classical and operant conditioning are both forms of learning but differ in their processes. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response through repeated exposure. Operant conditioning focuses on how voluntary behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences. Both result in learned behaviors through experience, but classical conditioning involves natural stimuli while operant conditioning involves consequences for behaviors. The key difference is that classical conditioning does not require a voluntary response while operant conditioning depends on voluntary actions and their outcomes.