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Voyage
The document discusses various aspects of culture including how cultures are learned through enculturation, how they are symbolic and patterned, and how important it is to avoid ethnocentrism when examining other cultures. It also explores related topics such as cultural imperialism, representation and power, and how artists can act as ethnographers or anthropologists to study culture.
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Voyage
- 1. Voyage FYSWeek 3 Deborah Jackson
- 2.
- 3. Culture and Travel “Whoare we?”, “Where are we going?” and “Why do we do what we do?” Tracey Moffat Adventure Series (2003)
- 4. Cognitive Outlook Examine the relationship between things, space, and everyday practices.
- 5. Cultural Perspectives Visual Culture involves exploring, analyzing, and critiquing the relationship between culture and visuality, from a range of diverse theoretical perspectives. It important to understand how Bob and Roberta Smith societies construct their visual Culture Bashing is Book perspectives through Burning knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, l (2012) aws, and customs, amongst other things.
- 6. Culture A specific setof learned behaviors, beliefs, at titudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population. Boyle Family Earth Pieces (1960-present)
- 7. Culture and Heritage Heritageis: • NOT history • A carefully selective engagement with the past • A way of making the past coherent, manageable and meaningful for the present • A comparatively recent form of leisure pursuit and culture • Material: listed buildings, protected landscapes, art, and design etc. • Conceptual: shared memory, myth, beliefs about the past etc. • Also, officially defined, policed and protected national construct (e.g. National Trusts)
- 8. Culture and Identity Whodo you think you are? For most of us, answering questions about identity begins by listing details that can be found on birth certificates– name, sex, ethnicity, and family origins. David Shrigley
- 9. Enculturation Cultures are learnedthrough the process of enculturation. Culture is learned and passed down from previous generations. It is not something an individual is born with. Learning culture is continuous process Cultures involve the use of language and symbols - things that stand for something else.
- 10. Nature/Culture Things that strike us as „natural‟ or „normal‟ or „common sense‟ or „human nature‟ are often cultural. Bruce Nauman Human Nature/Knows Doesn't Know (1983/6)
- 11. On the Road Displacement Belonging Home Difference Museum and display Travel Diaspora Territory Participation Identities Material culture Nations Heritage Visual anthropology Globalization Ethnocentrism Ethnography Observation
- 12. We can exploreother cultures by, studying behavior, customs, material culture (artifacts, tools, technology), language, etc. Ilya Kabakov The Man Who Flew into Space from His Apartment (1984)
- 13. Culture is… • Learned.Process of learning one's culture is called enculturation. • Shared by the members of a society. There is no „culture of one‟. • Patterned. People in a society live and think in ways that form definite patterns. • Mutually constructed through a constant process of social interaction. • Symbolic. Culture, language and thought are based on symbols and symbolic meanings. • Arbitrary. Not based on „natural laws‟ external to humans, but created by humans according to the needs and preferences of the group e.g. standards of beauty. • Internalized. Habitual. Taken-for-granted. Perceived as „natural.‟
- 14. Ethnocentrism The idea that one persons culture is superior to other cultures. It is important ensure that attitudes such as this do not pollute the interpretations of any culture being studied.
- 15. Racism Cultural Sensitivity Multiculturalism Ethnocentrism Stereotype Prejudice Ethnicity Race Discrimination Sexism Heterosexism
- 16. Colonialism/Postcolonialism Yinka Shonibare Gallantry and Criminal Conversation (Parasol) 2002
- 17. Alterity/Otherness Alterity is notthe same thing as prejudices (for example, racism, sexism, classism), although it leads to them. First we construct some group as Other. Next we project onto it those qualities we reject, fear, or disown in ourselves. Then we assign qualities to variable human individuals on the basis of their inclusion in this constructed Alterity. Once we take this step in our construction of Alterity, then, at last, we have also created prejudice and stereotyping.
- 18. Binary oppositions Rational - Irrational/emotional White - Black Male - Female Heterosexual - Homosexual Order - Chaos Mind - Body Active - Passive Town - Country Cowboys - Indians Civilised - Primitive Rational - Irrational Culture - Nature David Shrigley
- 19. Cultural Imperialism Cultural imperialism refersto the spread of one culture at the expense of others usually because of differential economic or political influence.
- 20. Culture and Power Representation isnot neutral. Ellen Gallagher DeLux (2004-5)
- 21. The Location ofCulture Many people never acknowledge how their day- to-day behaviors have been shaped by cultural norms and values and reinforced by families, peers, and social institutions. How one defines „family‟, identifies desirable life goals, views problems, and even says hello are all influenced by the culture in which one functions.
- 22. Artist as Ethnographer Ethnographicaesthetics: the intersection between art and anthropology. Artists, like ethnographers, train their eyes to see things other people don‟t see. They try to present what they see so that we, the audience, can glimpse something where we have looked a thousand times and failed to find anything Simon Starling Infestation Piece noteworthy. (Musseled Moore) (2012)
- 23. Anthropology Anthropology is atool for understanding what makes people and cultures different and what makes them the same. Studying and going to „other‟ cultures provides us with comparative perspectives of the world. Roderick Buchanan Mixed Marriage (2007)
- 24. Artist as Anthropologist Artists and anthropologists share a set of common practices that raise similar ethical issues. David Shrigley
- 25. Culture and Place Places are created by cultural practices. Places are never finished. Yinka Shonibare Gallantry and Criminal Conversation (Parasol) (2002)
- 26. Cultural Geography Cultural geographersstudy the cultural aspects that explain how and/or why people function as they do in the areas in which they live e.g. language, religion, different economic and governmental structures, art, and music. Berlin from above Berlin in parts From: Odd Things Happen When You Chop Up Cities And Stack Them Sideways
- 27. Globalisation Globalisation is also becoming increasingly important to this field as it is allowing these specific aspects of culture to easily travel across the globe. N55 Walking House (2008)
- 28. Material Culture Material Culture is concerned with the relationship between artefacts and social relation. Material Culture Studies aims to systematically explore the linkage between the construction of social identities and the production and use of Bob and Roberta Smith culture. Everything is Made (2012)
- 29. Museology Museology is thescience of collecting and arranging objects for museums. The meaning of objects shift and change according to the various physical, temporal, social and cultural contexts in which they are used and displayed.
Editor's Notes
- #4 In considering the idea of culture and travel the questions…may be considered as general topics for exploration.This lecture will introduce the ways in which disciplines like social anthropology and material cultures enhance our understanding of the social, cultural and historically specific meanings and practices associated with culture and place.
- #5 Visual Culture examines the relationship between things, space, and everyday practices. A culture’s use of imagery is part of the shaping of its world view. This is also known as our Cognitive Outlook. Or in other words the framework of ideas and beliefs, that distinguish that culture. This lecture provides you with some perspectives in order to engage with ideas about the production of knowledge about culture through visual realms and material culture.
- #6 Cultural PerspectivesSo if you recall form last week: Visual Culture is everything that is seen, that is produced to be seen, and the way in which it is seen and understood. It is that part of culture that communicates through visual means, a tactic for studying the functions of a world addressed through pictures, images, and visualizations, rather than through texts and words.
- #7 Cultural variations are often the cause of major and minor misunderstandings as groups come into contact with one another
- #8 Another way we might understand a place is through its heritage, this is particularly pertinent to tourism.
- #9 For most of us, answering questions about identity begins by listing details that can be found on birth certificates–name, sex, ethnicity, and family origins. And for example when we want to research our family histories we locate the birth certificates of known family members because these documents provide essential information about the identities of ancestors. The importance of birth certificates might suggest that identity is basically fixed and stable from the time of birth.
- #18 The final step in the construction of Alterity is to institutionalize these prejudices in our laws and customs. When laws, group culture, educational values, and social custom operate as if prejudices were truths, then we have racism, sexism, classism, anti-semitism, and so on. Racism is institutionalized racial prejudice; it has the weight of the entire society to enforce it. Sexism is institutionalized gender prejudice. Classism is institutionalized class prejudice.
- #19 The creation of binary opposition structures the way we view others. One of the oppositional terms is always privileged, controlling and dominating the other.Most commonly, another person or group of people who are defined as different or even sub-human to consolidate a group's identity. For example, the Nazi's internal cohesion depended in part on how they defined themselves against (strove to maintain distinctions from) their image of the Jews. In this sense, "The other" is the devalued half of a binary opposition when it is applied to groups of people.
- #20 Ellen Gallagher
- #25 Although both anthropology and art often have different criteria, methods and techniques, both share the ambition to reflect on the human condition and to give meaning to existence.
- #27 Some of the main cultural phenomena studied in cultural geography include language, religion, different economic and governmental structures, art, music, and other cultural aspects that explain how and/or why people function as they do in the areas in which they live.
- #28 Globalisation
- #29 Material Culture is concerned with the relationship between artefacts and social relation.Material Culture Studies aims to systematically explore the linkage between the construction of social identities and the production and use of culture.
- #30 Spaces where political ideologies are played out in the context of everyday practices such as consumption, appropriation and societal organisation.The physical placement, or framing of an object can change the objects meaning.Historical connotations, economic value, symbolic meaning and value