The document discusses short vowels and long vowels in English pronunciation. Short vowels refer to the vowel sounds in words like "cat", "bet", and "sit" that correspond to the letters a, e, i, o, and u between two consonants. The term "short" does not refer to length of pronunciation. Long vowels refer to vowel sounds that are pronounced the same as their letter name, such as the sounds in "day", "eye", "out", and "few". Long vowels are generally easier for non-native English speakers to distinguish and pronounce correctly compared to short vowels and diphthongs. It is important to distinguish between long vowel sounds versus long vowel characters when discussing pronunciation.

1. ɑ
ɛ

2. Short vowel
The term short vowel is used to refer to the
sounds that most often correspond to the
letters 'a,' 'e,' 'i,' 'o,' and 'u' when the vowel
occurs individually between consonants
(Consonant-Vowel-Consonant, or CVC
pattern). It is important to note that the
term short is not referring to the length of
time the vowel sound is pronounced—it
is merely a label.
https://pronuncian.com/introduction-to-short-vowels

3. Short vowels
ɛ
Long vowels
ɑ

5. Long vowels

6. Long vowel sounds or Diphthongs
Long vowel is the term used to refer
to vowel sounds whose
pronunciation is the same as its letter
name. The five vowels of the English
spelling system ('a', 'e,' 'i,' 'o,' and 'u')
each have a corresponding long vowel
sound /eɪ/, /i/, /ɑɪ/, /oʊ/, /yu/. Long
vowels are generally the easiest vowels
for non-native English speakers to
distinguish and pronounce correctly.
https://pronuncian.com/introduction-to-long-vowels
oʊ
Ju
yu

7. Diphthongs

8. Long vowel and long vowel sound
• I have learnt it is a confusing thing:
• one thing is there are "long vowel sounds” and another thing is
that there are “long vowels”, so a long vowel is when there are the
":" to the side of a vowel, and that means the sound has to be
larger like in ɜ: a:
• the long vowel sounds are this /eɪ/, /i/, /ɑɪ/, /oʊ/, /yu/ that is
when in a word you have to pronpunce that like the he five vowels
of the English spelling system ('a', 'e,' 'i,' 'o,' and 'u')
• so we have to specify if we are talking about vowels sounds or long
vowel character

9. References
• https://www.viajarsiningles.com/aprender-ingles-para-
viajar/pronunciacion-en-ingles-alfabeto-fonetico/