This document discusses the production of vowels. It describes how vowels are classified based on the position of the tongue in terms of height and shape in the mouth, as well as the position of the lips. Cardinal vowels provide a standard reference for classifying vowels based on tongue height and position. English vowels can then be described based on these tongue and lip positions.

1. VOWELS
Prof. Gabriela Di Capua

2. 1. Tongue
Tongue height: vertical distance between
the tongue and the palate.
Classification: clo se , half-clo se , half-o pe n
and o pe n
Shape of the tongue: line that shows which
part of the tongue is the highest.
Classification: fro nt, ce ntraland back

3. CARDINAL VOWELS:
quadrilateral

4. CARDINAL VOWELS: standard
reference

5. 2. Lips
The lip position provided the vowel quality
Some positions:
 Spread
 Neutral
 Rounded
 Pursed
 Open
Some common adverbs: slightly, wide, strong,
moderately

6. ENGLISH VOWELS

7. ENGLISH VOWELS