This document summarizes a study assessing the power quality at the Electrical faculty building of Wroclaw University of Technology in Poland based on the voltage characteristics outlined in the European standard EN 50160. The study measured various voltage characteristics over a one week period, including frequency, voltage variations, flicker severity, voltage unbalance, harmonics, and total harmonic distortion (THD). The results showed that all measured characteristics were within the permissible limits defined by EN 50160, indicating the quality of power supplied to the building was assured under normal operating conditions. However, the document also notes some limitations and areas for improvement in EN 50160 as a comprehensive power quality standard.
Voltage Stability Calculations in Power Transmission Lines: Indications and A...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power system is facing new challenges as the present system is subjected to severely stressed conditions. Voltage instability is a quite frequent phenomenon under such a situation rendering degradation of power system performance. In order to avoid system blackouts, power system is to be analyzed in view of voltage stability for a wide range of system conditions. In voltage stability analysis, the main objective is to identify the system maximum loadability limit and causes of voltage instability. Static voltage stability analysis with some approximations gives this information. Voltage stability problem is related to load dynamics and therefore di erent load characteristics are to be considered in the voltage stability analysis. This paper presents an efficient method for conducting line voltage stability analysis in power systems. This newly developed method is accurate, fast, simple, and theoretically proven for finding precise voltage collapse points and for determining voltage stability at each transmission line. Voltage stability margins can be easily calculated, providing an indication of how far the transmission line is from its severe load condition and allowing separate analysis if one transmission line is highly stressed. The proposed method was demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus system and compared with existing methods to show its effectiveness and efficiency.
Voltage Stability Calculations in Power Transmission Lines: Indications and A...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power system is facing new challenges as the present system is subjected to severely stressed conditions. Voltage instability is a quite frequent phenomenon under such a situation rendering degradation of power system performance. In order to avoid system blackouts, power system is to be analyzed in view of voltage stability for a wide range of system conditions. In voltage stability analysis, the main objective is to identify the system maximum loadability limit and causes of voltage instability. Static voltage stability analysis with some approximations gives this information. Voltage stability problem is related to load dynamics and therefore di erent load characteristics are to be considered in the voltage stability analysis. This paper presents an efficient method for conducting line voltage stability analysis in power systems. This newly developed method is accurate, fast, simple, and theoretically proven for finding precise voltage collapse points and for determining voltage stability at each transmission line. Voltage stability margins can be easily calculated, providing an indication of how far the transmission line is from its severe load condition and allowing separate analysis if one transmission line is highly stressed. The proposed method was demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus system and compared with existing methods to show its effectiveness and efficiency.
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
Introduction
Power Quality Problems
Power Quality Measurement Devices
Power Quality Terminology
Power Quality Standards
Unbundled Power Quality Services
Power Quality Monitoring
Benefits of Power Quality
Conclusion
References
The summary of the research, first is to introduce the harmonics in power system, by explains the meanings of the harmonic, causes and sources. Then the effects of the harmonics in power system. Second to analysis the harmonics during the fourier analysis, how we can calculate and analysis the harmonics. Third, the experiment part which is the results form lab work to inform the harmonics effects in power system. Fourth, which is explain how to eliminate the harmonics in power system, then the finally the conculation which is try to concluote the all parts of the research.
Improvise 3-Level DTC of Induction Machine using Constant Switching Frequency...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the advantage of using optimal PI parameter tuning strategy of constant switching method in the three phase Direct torque control (DTC) scheme. The DTC system is known to offer fast decoupled control of torque and flux via a simple control structure. Nevertheless, DTC system has two major drawbacks, which are the variable inverter switching frequency and high torque output ripple. The major factorthat contributes to these problems the usage of hysteresis based comparators to control the output torque. The implementation of PI based constant switching method in DTC able to solve these problems while retaining the simple control structure of conventional DTC. The combination usage of 3-level CHMI in this system can further minimize the output torque ripple by providing greater number of vectors. This paper presents detail explanation and calculationof optimal PI parameter tuning strategyconsecutively to enhance the performance of 3-level DTC system. In order to validate the feasibility, the proposed method compared with convention DTC system via simulation and experiment results.
Enhancing Power Quality in Transmission System Using Fc-TcrIJMER
FACTS methodology is totally based on power electronics devices which are used to increase the transmission capability. To make the power system flexible, FACTS technology is used to attain entire control of power system i.e. transmission, distribution and generation. This paper is mainly concerned about the significance of Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Control Reactor (FC-TCR) acquiring automatic power and steady state voltage stability with the help of fuzzy logic controller. In transmission systems, the fuzzy rules are set to generate the required firing angle of FC-TCR to maintain a flat profile of steady state voltage and stability. The fundamental model is simulated in MATLAB along with the fuzzy logic control strategy. The results obtained are trust worthy and it can be used for controlling the voltage and reactive power in any electrical transmission system.
Impact Analysis of Midpoint Connected STATCOM on Distance Relay PerformanceRadita Apriana
This paper presents the impact of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on the
performance of distance protection of EHV transmission lines. A 400kV transmission system having
midpoint connected STATCOM with its control circuit is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The
impact of STATCOM on distance relay for different fault conditions and different fault locations is analyzed.
Simulation results indicate that the presence of the STATCOM in the transmission system significantly
changes the line impedance seen by the distance relay to be lower or higher than the actual line
impedance. Due to this the performance of the distance relay changes, either overreaches or under
reaches.
Online Voltage Stability Analysis using Synchrophasor Technologyijsrd.com
Voltage instability has been a major problem in all the emerging power systems across the world. Several instances of blackouts in North America, including the 1996 Western Interconnection and the 2003 North East US /Canada blackout are primarily due to voltage collapse. So Monitoring and maintaining voltage stability in real-time is extremely important for operating a power system reliably. In this paper Synchrophasor technology is introduced. Synchrophasor technology has the capability to monitor voltage stability over a wide area in real time. In this paper different methods are introduced for finding the voltage collapse point in the system and also one new method given for identification of voltage collapse point.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
Power quality improvement using upqc with soft computing method: Fuzzy logicSakti Prasanna Muduli
Now a days problems regarding power quality is more in large inter connected power systems. There are many method to mitigate these problems but using the latest most efficient compensation method is some what impressive. Here is the brief explanations regarding UPQC using soft computing method(fuzzy logic). This was my academic project along with my friends.
Design of UPQC with Minimization of DC Link voltage for the Improvement of Po...IDES Editor
Devices such as power electronics converters, inject
harmonic currents in the AC system and increase overall
reactive power demanded by the equivalent loads are presents
non-linear characteristics. Also, the number of sensitive loads
that require ideal sinusoidal supply voltages for their proper
operation has increased. In order to keep power quality under
limits proposed by standards, it is necessary to include some
sort of compensation. The aim of this paper is to present a
unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with minimization
of DC Link voltage for the improvement of power quality by
Fuzzy logic controller as compared with PI controller. By the
proposed system is comprised of series and shunt Inverters
which can compensate the sag, swell, unbalance voltage,
Harmonics and reactive power. PI and fuzzy logic controllers
are used to stabilize DC link voltage and balance the active
power between shunt and series inverters for the enhancement
of power quality.
Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase...IJPEDS-IAES
Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is one of the vital issues for power electronic circuit control. A number of Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are increasingly applied in many new industrial applications that require superior performance. The most widely applied PWM technique for three-phase voltage source inverters are Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). SPWM is the most simple modulation technique that can realize easily in analog circuit. However, it has some drawbacks such as higher total harmonic distortion (THD), lower switching frequency and not capable in over modulation region. THIPWM and SVPWM both provide better THD compared to SPWM. SVPWM shows lower THD in over modulation region and in high frequency application compared to THIPWM. These three techniques are discussed, analyzed and compared in terms of modulation index, switching frequency and inverter input voltage in this paper. The modeling and simulation for all PWM techniques have been done by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and Origin 6.1. From the simulation results, SVPWM shows the best performance and meet IEEE 519 standard of current harmonics level.
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
Power Quality Improvement by UPQC based on Voltage Source ConvertersIJRST Journal
In modern power system consists of wide range of electrical, electronic and power electronic equipment in commercial and industrial applications. Since most of the electronic equipment’s are nonlinear in nature these will induce harmonics in the system, which affect the sensitive loads to be fed from the system. These problems are partially solved with the help of LC passive filters. However, this kind of filter cannot solve random variation in the load current wave form and voltage wave form. Active filters can resolve this problem. However, the cost of active filters is high. They are difficult to implement in large scale. Additionally, they also present lower efficiency than shunt passive filters. One of the many solutions is the use of a combined system of shunt and active series filters like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which aims at achieving a low cost under highly effective control. The UPQC device combines a shunt active filter together with a series active filter in a back-to-back configuration, to simultaneously compensate the supply voltage and the load current or to mitigate any type of voltage and current fluctuations and power factor correction in a power distribution network, such that improved power quality can be made available at the point of common coupling. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The performance is also observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics and voltage sags. The simulation results are compared without and with UPQC for the verification of results.
Introduction
Power Quality Problems
Power Quality Measurement Devices
Power Quality Terminology
Power Quality Standards
Unbundled Power Quality Services
Power Quality Monitoring
Benefits of Power Quality
Conclusion
References
The summary of the research, first is to introduce the harmonics in power system, by explains the meanings of the harmonic, causes and sources. Then the effects of the harmonics in power system. Second to analysis the harmonics during the fourier analysis, how we can calculate and analysis the harmonics. Third, the experiment part which is the results form lab work to inform the harmonics effects in power system. Fourth, which is explain how to eliminate the harmonics in power system, then the finally the conculation which is try to concluote the all parts of the research.
Improvise 3-Level DTC of Induction Machine using Constant Switching Frequency...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the advantage of using optimal PI parameter tuning strategy of constant switching method in the three phase Direct torque control (DTC) scheme. The DTC system is known to offer fast decoupled control of torque and flux via a simple control structure. Nevertheless, DTC system has two major drawbacks, which are the variable inverter switching frequency and high torque output ripple. The major factorthat contributes to these problems the usage of hysteresis based comparators to control the output torque. The implementation of PI based constant switching method in DTC able to solve these problems while retaining the simple control structure of conventional DTC. The combination usage of 3-level CHMI in this system can further minimize the output torque ripple by providing greater number of vectors. This paper presents detail explanation and calculationof optimal PI parameter tuning strategyconsecutively to enhance the performance of 3-level DTC system. In order to validate the feasibility, the proposed method compared with convention DTC system via simulation and experiment results.
Enhancing Power Quality in Transmission System Using Fc-TcrIJMER
FACTS methodology is totally based on power electronics devices which are used to increase the transmission capability. To make the power system flexible, FACTS technology is used to attain entire control of power system i.e. transmission, distribution and generation. This paper is mainly concerned about the significance of Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Control Reactor (FC-TCR) acquiring automatic power and steady state voltage stability with the help of fuzzy logic controller. In transmission systems, the fuzzy rules are set to generate the required firing angle of FC-TCR to maintain a flat profile of steady state voltage and stability. The fundamental model is simulated in MATLAB along with the fuzzy logic control strategy. The results obtained are trust worthy and it can be used for controlling the voltage and reactive power in any electrical transmission system.
Impact Analysis of Midpoint Connected STATCOM on Distance Relay PerformanceRadita Apriana
This paper presents the impact of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on the
performance of distance protection of EHV transmission lines. A 400kV transmission system having
midpoint connected STATCOM with its control circuit is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The
impact of STATCOM on distance relay for different fault conditions and different fault locations is analyzed.
Simulation results indicate that the presence of the STATCOM in the transmission system significantly
changes the line impedance seen by the distance relay to be lower or higher than the actual line
impedance. Due to this the performance of the distance relay changes, either overreaches or under
reaches.
Online Voltage Stability Analysis using Synchrophasor Technologyijsrd.com
Voltage instability has been a major problem in all the emerging power systems across the world. Several instances of blackouts in North America, including the 1996 Western Interconnection and the 2003 North East US /Canada blackout are primarily due to voltage collapse. So Monitoring and maintaining voltage stability in real-time is extremely important for operating a power system reliably. In this paper Synchrophasor technology is introduced. Synchrophasor technology has the capability to monitor voltage stability over a wide area in real time. In this paper different methods are introduced for finding the voltage collapse point in the system and also one new method given for identification of voltage collapse point.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
Power quality improvement using upqc with soft computing method: Fuzzy logicSakti Prasanna Muduli
Now a days problems regarding power quality is more in large inter connected power systems. There are many method to mitigate these problems but using the latest most efficient compensation method is some what impressive. Here is the brief explanations regarding UPQC using soft computing method(fuzzy logic). This was my academic project along with my friends.
Design of UPQC with Minimization of DC Link voltage for the Improvement of Po...IDES Editor
Devices such as power electronics converters, inject
harmonic currents in the AC system and increase overall
reactive power demanded by the equivalent loads are presents
non-linear characteristics. Also, the number of sensitive loads
that require ideal sinusoidal supply voltages for their proper
operation has increased. In order to keep power quality under
limits proposed by standards, it is necessary to include some
sort of compensation. The aim of this paper is to present a
unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with minimization
of DC Link voltage for the improvement of power quality by
Fuzzy logic controller as compared with PI controller. By the
proposed system is comprised of series and shunt Inverters
which can compensate the sag, swell, unbalance voltage,
Harmonics and reactive power. PI and fuzzy logic controllers
are used to stabilize DC link voltage and balance the active
power between shunt and series inverters for the enhancement
of power quality.
Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase...IJPEDS-IAES
Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is one of the vital issues for power electronic circuit control. A number of Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are increasingly applied in many new industrial applications that require superior performance. The most widely applied PWM technique for three-phase voltage source inverters are Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). SPWM is the most simple modulation technique that can realize easily in analog circuit. However, it has some drawbacks such as higher total harmonic distortion (THD), lower switching frequency and not capable in over modulation region. THIPWM and SVPWM both provide better THD compared to SPWM. SVPWM shows lower THD in over modulation region and in high frequency application compared to THIPWM. These three techniques are discussed, analyzed and compared in terms of modulation index, switching frequency and inverter input voltage in this paper. The modeling and simulation for all PWM techniques have been done by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and Origin 6.1. From the simulation results, SVPWM shows the best performance and meet IEEE 519 standard of current harmonics level.
Introduction to Power Quality: Terms and definitions of transients,
Long Duration Voltage Variations: under Voltage, Under Voltage and Sustained Interruptions
; Short Duration Voltage Variations: interruption, Sag, Swell; Voltage Imbalance; Notching D C offset,; waveform distortion; voltage fluctuation; power frequency variations
The Institute of International Academic and Scientific Cooperation (the IMANS) is a non-governmental and non-profit organization whose mission is to develop new generation of outstanding academicians and practitioners with leadership skills and understanding of global challenges and enabling real changes. The IMANS acts through mobilization of academicians’ and practitioners’ networks to deliver and implement innovative scientific projects and programs which would facilitate smart growth and sustainable development in the World.
ANALYSIS OF TUNED FILTERS FOR MITIGATION OF HARMONIC CURRENT DISTORTION OF R...ijiert bestjournal
Harmonics are the by - products o f modern electronic devices that are nonlinear loads which create harmonics by drawing current in rather than smooth sinusoidal manner. Any distribution circuit feeding nonlinear loads will contain some degree of harmonic frequencies. Due to the rapidly in creasing number of non - linear loads in distribution systems,the harmonic distortion of the current and voltage increases. N on - linear loads are personal computer,television set (TV),fluorescent tube with electronic ballast,compact fluorescent lamp,batt ery charger,uninterrupted power supply (UPS) and any other equipment powered by switched - mode power supply (SMPS) unit. The harmonic distortion produced in residential buildings has not been given proper attention as linear loads were predominant earlier. As the number of harmonics - producing loads in residences has increased over the years,it has become increasingly necessary to address their effects on the distribution system. Power Quality of di stribution networks is a ffected due to the flow of generate d harmonics. Harmonic currents generated by nonli near loads can cause problems on equipments of distribution network .
“An Assessment of Voltage Stability based on Line Voltage Stability Indices a...iosrjce
The issue of voltage instability is becoming a matter of concern throughout the world. It is of
absolute importance to maintain the stability of the power system or it would lead to a condition of total
collapse of the system and ultimately blackout of the whole network. This paper analyses the performance of
line voltage stability indices, Fast Voltage Stability index (FVSI), Line index (LQP), Reactive Power Index
(VQI) and line Stability Index (LMN). These indices are used to identify the most critical line and bus of the
system. Under a condition of single line outage a TCSC is installed at the most critical line and its effect has
been observed. An IEEE 14 bus system is used for simulation purpose.
Parasitic Boost Circuit for Transform Less Active Voltage Quality RegulatorIJMTST Journal
The voltage sag compensator, based on a series-connected voltage-source inverter, is among the most cost-effective solution against voltage sags. When voltage sags happen, the transformers, which are often installed in front of critical loads for electrical isolation, are exposed to the disfigured voltages and a dc offset will occur in its flux linkage. In this paper, a new topology of series-connected compensator is presented to mitigate long duration deep sags, and the compensation ability is highly improved with a unique shunt converter structure acting as a parasitic boost circuit that has been theoretically analyzed using open loop & closed loop control schemes. Additionally, the proposed active voltage quality regulator is a cost effective solution for long duration sags that are lower than 50% of the nominal voltage as it is transformer less compared with the traditional dynamic voltage restorer. a new topology of series-connected compensator is presented to mitigate long duration deep sags, and the compensation ability is highly improved with a unique shunt converter structure acting as a parasitic boost circuit that has been theoretically analyzed.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
The increase of power electronic converters at the end-user side is unavoidable and it will cause current harmonic distortion and wide range of disturbance in the power system (PS). This paper presents current harmonic compensation for the test case of the Quaid-e-Awam University College of Engineering Sciences and Technology (QUCEST) Larkana campus in MATLAB SIMULINK by using three types of power filters i.e. passive, active and hybrid power filters. The purpose of this experiment and simulation model is to analyse and find out the best solution for reducing the current harmonic and unbalanced load condition at the incoming transformer to the campus. Moreover, this paper presents the testing and comparison of the active and hybrid power filters by using the combined design technique of harmonic compensate control system based on Unit Vector Template (UVT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) theory. The simulation results allow to identify the effectiveness of the control system along with passive filter. Based on the testing and simulation results of three types of power filters, hybrid power filter has the maximum ability to mitigate the current harmonic in the system, and it also reduces the neutral current thus causing less stress in the existing system.
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
Hioki PW3198 Power Quality Analyzer-
Verify power problems in accordance with the IEC61000-4-30 Class A standard
Broadband voltage range lets you measure even high-order harmonic components of up to 80 kHz
Optional GPS BOX for synchronizing multiple devices
Comparative Analysis of Power Quality Indices for Different Lighting Techniog...IJECEIAES
As with any other product, having electricity of a certain quality is very important for consumers. Its quality has become the key feature that can be disturbed by loads based on power electronic devices. Electricity producers are striving to provide reliable and quality electricity supply to consumers. Public lighting systems that are based on LED lighting technology can potentially positively or negatively affect the power quality because they contain power electronics components in LED drivers. Because of that, two 7-day measurements were conducted on the same public lighting branch but with different lighting technologies (high pressure sodium, known as HPS and LED technology). Results of the measurements were analysed and compared. By analysing the results, other problems were also identified by using LED lighting technology. These problems are addressed in the conclusion of the paper.
A Comparative Modeling and Analysis of Voltage Variation by Using SpectrogramTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, the power quality (PQ) disturbance which is the voltage variations consist of
voltage swell, sag and interruption are model and analyze. Different types of voltage variations PQ
disturbances models are developed and created by using MATLAB/Simulink as well as mathematical
models. The mathematical and Simulink model are used to compare in terms of time-frequency
representation (TFR). The Simulink models include shutting down enormouscapacities from system to
resemble voltage swell, large loads energizing and three-phase fault to simulate voltage sag as well as
implementing permanent three-phase fault to simulate voltage interruption. The signals generated are
analyzed by using linear time-frequency distribution (TFD). The signal parameters such as root mean
square voltage (Vrms), total harmonic distortion (THD) and power value are estimated from the TFR to
identify the characteristics of the voltage variation. The results of analysis on the PQ disturbance
waveforms generated are identical to the actual real-time PQ signals and the models can be modified to
any desired situation respectively. The PQ waveforms obtained are suitable to be further analyzed.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag for Power Quality Improvement Using DPFC SystemIJMTST Journal
A new control scheme to improve and maintain the power quality of an electrical power system by design of distributed power flow controller. Generally, In case of modern power utilities have problems like challenges in growth of electricity in case of non-linear loads in grid connected systems. In this paper, we introduced a new FACTS method i.e. distributed power flow controller which is similar to other series-shunt controller types. This DPFC method is also used like UPFC to mitigate voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. In DPFC, we eliminate the common dc link capacitor and instead of single three phase series converter it has three individual single phase converters. In this paper the control circuit is designed by using series referral voltages, branch currents. The evaluated values are obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
An Analysis of Harmonic and Interharmonic Contribution of Electric Arc Furnac...IJECEIAES
Fast and accurate detection of the harmonic and interharmonic contribution of electric arc furnace (EAF) is crucial in identifying and to mitigate the undesired effects to the system. In this paper, periodogram, a fast and accurate technique is introduced for the analysis of the contribution. Based on a rule-based classifier and the threshold settings that referred to the IEEE Standard 1159 2009, the analysis of the harmonic and interharmonic contribution of EAF are carried out successfully. Moreover, the impact of contribution is measured using total harmonic distortion (THD) and total non-harmonic distortion (TnHD). In addition, periodogram also gives 100 percent correct detection and able to analyze the contribution impact. It is proven that the proposed method is accurate, fast and cost efficient for analyzing the impact of harmonic and interharmonic of EAF.
Similar to Voltage characteristics an overlooked contributor to power quality assessment (20)
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Voltage characteristics an overlooked contributor to power quality assessment
1. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2016, PP 19-26
ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online)
*Address for correspondence:
sunnykumarkatyara@gmail.com
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016 19
Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power
Quality Assessment
Sunny Katyara1*
, Sunny Kumar1
, Saran Memon2
1
Wroclaw University of Technology Poland
2
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
This report presents the power Quality Assessment of Electrical faculty building of Wroclaw University of
Technology, Poland. From a regulatory viewpoint, the European Union has been a front-runner in developing
and implementing quality of supply standards through its application of European Standard EN 50160. Some
Countries have used EN 50160 as the basic standard for their national quality of supply regulations. But the
statistical models of Standard allow eight hours per week of unregulated power quality and utilities compliance
(or non-compliance) is assessed regardless of the severity of any events.
This report will outline and execrate the state of EN 50160 toady; its benefits and possible areas of
improvement, including those suggested by European utility regulators themselves. The Standard Will be
compared to national quality of supply standards from countries around the world to identify best practices and
contrast the differences. In conclusion, a framework for quality of supply regulation will be proposed that will
ensure that compliant utilities are providing a level of service that meets expectations of their customers.
Keywords: Voltage characteristics, Compliance Limits, Power Quality.
INTRODUCTION
The history of EN 50160 dates back to 1989 and the European Union directive 89/336 for
Electromagnetic Compatibility. Intended to ensure the reliability of distribution networks and proper
operation of equipment connected to them, so called EMC directive led to a 1989 definition of the
physical characteristics of low and medium voltage distribution systems by the organization
UNIPEDE, and finally in 1994 a standard on Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by general
distribution systems [1-2]. This standard was developed was developed by a working group under
European Committee for Electro technical Standardization (CENELEC) and was given the
designation European Norm 50160 or EN 50160 [1-2].
The original mandate for EN 50160 was limited to low and medium voltage distribution systems and
specifically the following characteristics of supply voltage: frequency, magnitude, waveform and
symmetry of three phase voltages. Low voltage is defined with upper limit of 1kV RMS and medium
voltage with an RMS value between 1kV and 35kV. In the original scope, higher voltages were not
considered [3].
Supporting the requirement to define voltage characteristics in terms of frequency, magnitude,
waveform and symmetry, EN 50160 provided definitions and in some cases measurement methods
and compliance levels for ten characteristics of the supply voltage [4]:
1. Power System frequency
2. Supply System Voltage Variations
3. Rapid voltage Changes ( and flicker)
4. Supply Voltage dips
5. Short interruptions
2. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
20 International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016
6. Long Interruptions
7. Temporary over voltages
8. Supply voltage unbalance
9. Harmonic voltage
10. Mains signaling voltage
Table01. Permissible Limits for System Voltage characteristics in accordance with EN 50160
Supply Voltage Characteristics Statistical Evaluation Permissible Limit
Power Frequency 99.5% of time in a week
100% of time in a week
50 Hz ± 1%
50 Hz + 4% and -6%
Supply Voltage Variations 95% of time in a week UC ± 10%
Rapid Voltage changes & Flicker 95% of time in a week Plt ≤ 1
Supply voltage dips 1 year Unknown
Short Interruptions 1 year Unknown
Long interruptions 1 year Unknown
Temporary Over voltages 1 year Unknown
Supply voltage unbalance 95% of time in a week < 2%
Harmonic Voltage 95% of time in a week
95% of tome in a week
THD < 8%
Mains Signaling Voltage 95% of time in a day 9% for 100 Hz
1% for 100kHz
Table.01 depicts the compliance limits associated with EN 50160 for different characteristics of
system voltage.
ISSUES WITH EN 50160 [5]
The primary issues with EN 50160 from being a comprehensive power quality standard can be broken
down into five major aspects
I. As a consensus driven standard, with equal representation from all countries, it reflects the
lowest common agreed upon value for PQ limits.
II. Many of the most costly and most common PQ phenomena (dips, swells and interruptions) do
not have permissible limits but only indicative values.
III. The scope of this standard is very much limited to medium voltage (35kV) networks and
below
IV. Measurement methods for each characteristics are not defined. By allowing utilities to evaluate
compliance with undefined measurement methods, it will be impossible to compare results or
apply fair noncompliance penalties.
V. Many characteristics are evaluated for less than 100% of the measurement interval. This allows
No limit on supply voltage variations, flicker, voltage unbalance, individual harmonics
or THD for 8.4 hours/week
No limit on mains signaling for 1.7 hous/week
CASE STUDY
Since the Assessment of Power Quality of System voltage at Electrical faculty of Wroclaw University
of Technology Poland, is done with following defined parameters
Nominal Voltage = 230,00V
Nominal Frequency = 50,00Hz
Voltage Swells = 110%
Voltage Dips = 90,00%
Interruptions = 1%
Short Interruptions = 180,000s
3. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016 21
A. Power Frequency Assessment
Figure01. Variation of Power frequency of System Voltage
Table02. Maximum and Minimum of power Frequency of System Voltage
Assessment Power Frequency Variations
Interval Value
f10sec Min 49.491
f10sec Min 50.094
Figure.01 shows the weekly recorded power frequency values of one of the building of Wroclaw
University of Technology, Poland collected in the year 2010. From Table.02, we can visualize that
the values of system frequency are under permissible limits and therefore is no any single value that
violets the defined frequency compliance upper and lower declared limits (i-e. 49.5 Hz & 50.5 Hz)
[6]. Since the control of system frequency is the matter of system stability.
B. Voltage Variations
Figure02. Variation of RMS value of System Voltage
4. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
22 International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016
Table03. Maximum and Minimum of RMS value of System Voltage
Assessment of Variations of System voltage
Interval V RMS L1 V RMS L2 V RMS L3
U10min Min 233.95 233.24 233.84
U10min Max 240.95 240.54 240.76
Figure.02 illustrates the weekly reported data of RMS value of system voltage being supplied at one
of the building of Wroclaw University of technology, Poland. Table. 03 shows that the recorded
voltage is under the declared limits of EN 50160 (i-e. 207 V and 253V) [6], hence of quality of
voltage is maintained, as no any diversion of recording is observed. Since the voltage variations
depend upon customer and network conditions.
C. Flicker Severity
Figure03. Investigation of Long term flicker severity
Table04. Maximum and Minimum value of Plt recorded at 2 hour interval
Assessment of Long Term Flicker Severity
Interval L1 L2 L3
Plt2h Min 0.08 0.084 0.087
Plt2h Max 0.51 0.258 0.264
Figure.03 shows the intensity of long flicker severity observed over an interval of one week. Since
under the normal running conditions, during the each one week period the long term severity Plt
caused by voltage fluctuations should be less than or equal to 1 for 95% of the time [6]. So this
statement proves correct, as we ponder over table.04, where Maximum value of Plt is less than 1, for
all three phases. Since Plt is always calculated from a sequence of twelve Pst values over 2h time
period.
D. Voltage Unbalance
Table06. Maximum and Minimum value of Voltage unbalance
Assessment of Voltage Unbalance
Interval % ,,Neg/pos”
,,Neg/pos” 10min Min 0.043
,,Neg/pos” 10min Max 0.271
Figure.05 depicts the asymmetry of System voltage. Voltage unbalance is a condition in which the
voltage between the line to line or phases to phase are not equal. Since at normal operating conditions,
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Fri
12-11-23
00:00
Sat
12-11-24
00:00
Sun
12-11-25
00:00
Mon
12-11-26
00:00
Tue
12-11-27
00:00
Wed
12-11-28
00:00
Thu
12-11-29
00:00
Fri
12-11-30
00:00
1
Time [Pt 2012-11-23 - Pt 2012-11-30]
Plt [1]
5. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016 23
during the one week period the RMS value of negative phase sequence component of system voltage
should be within the range of 0% to 2% of positive sequence component [7]. With this statement
when we observe the table.06, we can conclude that maximum and minimum ratio between negative
and positive sequence component of voltage are within the limits and hence results stood good.
Figure05. Visualization of System voltage unbalance
E. Assessment of Harmonics
Figure06. Visualization of System Voltage Harmonics Spectrum
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Fri
12-11-23
00:00
Sat
12-11-24
00:00
Sun
12-11-25
00:00
Mon
12-11-26
00:00
Tue
12-11-27
00:00
Wed
12-11-28
00:00
Thu
12-11-29
00:00
Fri
12-11-30
00:00
%
Time [Pt 2012-11-23 - Pt 2012-11-30]
V RMS Unbal, Neg / Pos [%]
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
3 5 7 91113151719212325272931333537394143454749
%h01
Harmonics
Spectrum - V RMS h [% h01]
6. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
24 International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016
Table07. Assessment of Recorded Odd and Even harmonics in accordance with Compliance Limits
Assessment of System Voltage Harmonics
Order Limits V RMS h
[% h01]
V RMS h
[% h01]
V RMS h
[% h01]
Assessment
N [%] L1 L2 L3 Compliance Limits [Y/N]
2 0.00…2.00 0.0355 0.0243 0.0407 Y
3 0.00…5.00 0.362 0.1574 0.2913 Y
4 0.00…1.00 0.0261 0.0156 0.0313 Y
5 0.00…6.00 1.5821 1.478 1.5464 Y
6 0.00…0.50 0.0103 0.0156 0.0169 Y
7 0.00…5.00 0.8824 0.9107 0.8205 Y
8 0.00…0.50 0.013 0.0107 0.0107 Y
9 0.00…1.50 0.0625 0.0863 0.0736 Y
10 0.00…0.50 0.0235 0.0153 0.0325 Y
11 0.00…3.50 0.2182 0.1904 0.1987 Y
12 0.00…0.50 0.0203 0.0154 0.0289 Y
13 0.00…3.00 0.8576 0.8645 0.9465 Y
14 0.00…0.50 0.0099 0.009 0.0155 Y
15 0.00…0.50 0.0556 0.1474 0.1262 Y
16 0.00…0.50 0.0318 0.0221 0.0214 Y
17 0.00…2.00 0.1417 0.1148 0.0804 Y
18 0.00…0.50 0.0302 0.0269 0.0388 Y
19 0.00…1.50 0.1528 0.12 0.1119 Y
20 0.00…0.50 0.0166 0.0165 0.0279 Y
21 0.00…0.50 0.2089 0.1945 0.2251 Y
22 0.00…0.50 0.0295 0.0215 0.027 Y
23 0.00…1.50 0.6788 0.7813 0.7751 Y
24 0.00…0.50 0.096 0.0647 0.0749 Y
25 0.00…1.50 0.4706 0.3358 0.5359 Y
Figure.06 visualizes the harmonic spectrum averaged over a week. Since under the normal operating
conditions, during each one week period, the RMS value of each individual harmonic voltage should
not cross the given compliance limits given in Table.07. Notice that no values of harmonics are
inserted in table.07, of order higher than 25 [7], as they are usually small in nature, but heavily fickle
due to resonance effects.
F. THD Assessment
Figure07. Visualization of THD averaged over a week
7. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016 25
Table08. Maximum and Minimum Value of % THD for Individual Line
Assessment of THD
Interval L1 L2 L2
THDV 10min %Min 3.032 1.954 2.001
THDV 10min %Max 2.727 2,657 2.666
Figure.07 illustrates the variation of THD, recorded over an interval of a week. Since the THD of the
system voltage including all the harmonics up to order 40, should be less than or equal to 8% [7].
With this we can confirm that THD of given system voltage is within the defined limit as can be
visualized from table.08.
CONCLUSION
From the above results and Analysis we can conclude that all the System voltage characteristics
recorded over period of a week are under defined limits and hence the Quality of power at Electrical
faculty of Wroclaw University of technology , Poland is assured, expect the occurrence of abnormal
conditions. However, when we review the quality of Supply Standardization, efforts that utilities and
regulators have focused on the most pressing local problems. Applying the recommendations in this
report, derived from EN 50160, would provide a common framework for quality of supply regulation
and a necessary first step towards globally acceptable limits.
REFERENCES
[1] European standard EN 50160 Voltage Characteristics of electricity supplied by public
distribution systems, CENELEC TC8X, 2006
[2] End use perceptions of Power Quality – A European Perspective, Roman Targosz, EPRI, PQA
2007
[3] V. J. Gosbell, s. Perera, V. Smith ••Understanding Power Quality, Teclmical Note No.1" Integral
Energy Power Quality Centre, www.elec.uow.edu.alL
[4] NRS -048-2, Electricity Supply-Quality of supply part 2: Voltage characteristics, compatibility
levels, limits and assessment methods
[5] Towards Voltage Quality Regulation in Europe- An ERGEG Conclusion Paper Ref: E07-EQS-
15-04
[6] L. Angrisani, P. Daponte, M. D. Apuzzo, A. Testa, ••A Measurement Method Based on the
Wavelet transform for Power Quality", IEEE Transactions on Power delivery, vol. 13, NO.4,
October 1998, pp 990 -998.
[7] S. Santoso, E. J. Powers, W. M. Grady, P.Hofinann, "Power Quality Assessment Via Wavelet
Transforms", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 11, NO.2, April 1996, pp 924 - 930.
[8] D.Mueller, J. Lamoree, " Detecting, Identifying and Correcting Power Quality Problems", IEEE
Power Engineering Society, Summer Meeting 2000
8. Sunny Katyara et al. “Voltage Characteristics: An Overlooked Contributor to Power Quality
Assessment”
26 International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology V4 ● I3 ● March 2016
AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHY
Sunny Katyara, was born in Larkana, Sindh Pakistan in1993. He was awarded
with ICT R&D fund scholarship in 2010. He received the B.E in Electrical
Engineering from Mehran UET Jamshoro Sindh. He is the active member of IEEE
since 2014. He has been awarded scholarship by Erasmus Mundus to pursue
higher studies at Wroclaw University of Technology Poland. His research interests
are Power Quality Assessments, Distributed generation, modelling and analysis of
different Power Quality scenarios, power system protection and control, power
system analysis and WSN technology. Around six research papers and two practical journals are
under his authorization. He is also a certified Lab VIEW CLAD Engineer approved by National
Instruments.
Sunny Kumar Gemnani, was born in Larkana, Sindh Pakistan in 1984. He has
graduated from Mehran University of Technology Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan and
then served as RF Executive with Telenor Pakistan from 2007 to 2011. Later on,
He achieved Australian Endeavour Scholar award in 2011 where he passed
Advance Diploma in Computer System and Network Engineering and served as
RF Engineer in KOI Group Melbourne Australia. Since then, He is working as
Lecturer in Computer Science Department at Shaheed Zulifqar Ali Bhutto Institute
of Science & Technology. He is also pursuing his M.E in Communication System Networks (CSN)
from where he graduated. Currently, he is carrying out his postgraduate research work on Micro strip
Antennas at Wroclaw University of Technology Poland as Erasmus Mundus Scholar. His major areas
of research of interests include Antennas Designing, Secure Network and Systems, Internet of Things
and Wireless Sensor Networks.