This document provides an overview of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. It defines different types of volcanoes according to their shape, including stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes. Examples of each type from the Philippines and around the world are given. The document also discusses types of volcanic eruptions from less to more violent, including Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, Plinian, phreatic, and phreatomagmatic eruptions. Active volcanoes in the Philippines are listed.

1. QUARTER 3; MODULE 1
TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND
VOLCANIC ERUPTION

2. What comes into your mind when
you hear the word “volcano”?

3. Some of you might think of
negative things like lava, smoke,
ashes, earthquake, and loss of lives
and properties.

4. A volcano is vent, hill or
mountain from which
molten or hot rocks with
gaseous materials have
been ejected
Volcanoes are often found
where tectonic plates are
diverging or converging,
and most are found
underwater.
Also craters, depressions,
hills or mountains formed
by removal of pre-existing
material or by
accumulation of ejected
materials.

5. Volcanology is the study of volcanoes, lava,
magma, and related geological, geophysical,
and geochemical phenomena called volcanism.

6. • The Philippines is located along the Ring of Fire, an area in the Pacific where
most volcanoes can be found.
• According to PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology),
there are about 100 volcanoes in the Philippines.
• There are 23 active volcanoes in the Philippines
• It is therefore important for us to know how this natural phenomenon
happens to reduce the risks and effects it may cause.

7. SOME ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES:
Ambalatungan Group Iriga Smith
Babuyan Claro Jolo Group Taal
Banahaw Kanlaon
Biliran Leonard Kniaseff (active 1800 years ago)
Bulusan Makaturing
Cabalian Matutum
Cagua Mayon
Camiguin de Babuyanes Musuan
Didicas Parker
Hibok-Hibok Pinatubo
Iraya Ragang

8. EXTERNAL PARTS
OF VOLCANO

9. 3 MAIN TYPES OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THEIR CONES

10. Stratovolcano or
composite volcano is a
conical volcano consisting
of layers of solid lava flows
mixed with layers of other
rocks. It is also the most
common type of volcano in
the Philippines as well as in
the world. It has the largest
percentage (60%) of the
Earth’s individual
volcanoes.
Stratovolcanoes are one
of the most deadly types
of volcanoes and their
eruptions are highly
explosive and dangerous.

11. SOME STRATOVOLCANOES IN THE WORLD
Chilean Andes (South America) Mount Rainier (USA)
Mount St. Helens (USA) Krakatoa (Indonesia)
Mount Tambora (Indonesia)

12. SOME STRATOVOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Mount Apo (Davao) Mount Pinatubo (Central Luzon)
Mount Mayon (Albay) Mount Kanlaon (Negros)
Mount Hibok-Hibok (Camiguin)
Mount Arayat (Pampanga)

13. • A shield volcano has a broad shape
due to having been formed by
multiple lava flows. This type of
volcano is formed as a result of lava
flowing over a period of time.
• Because there are multiple flow
points for lava, a gently sloping
surface is created which resembles
a warrior’s shield, which is why
they are described as shield
volcanoes.

14. SOME SHIELD VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD
Mauna Loa (Hawaii) Mauna Kea (Hawaii)
Mount Kilauea (Hawaii) Sierra Negra volcano (Ecuador)
Piton de la Fournaise (Indian
Ocean)
Mount Masaya (Nicaragua)

15. SOME SHIELD VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Volcanic island of Biliran
Taal Volcano (Batangas)
Mount Balatukan (Misamis Oriental)

16. • A cinder cone volcano doesn’t
have any horizontal layer, instead a
steep conical hill of tephra (volcanic
debris) accumulates around and
downward from the vent.
• Cinder cones are the simplest
volcanic formation. They rarely rise
to more than 1000 feet above the
surrounding landscape. They are
known for their violent and
explosive eruptions.

17. SOME CINDER CONE VOLCANOES IN THE WORLD
Parícutin (Mexico) Lava Butte (Oregon, USA)
Amboy crater (California, USA) Eve cone (Canada)
Alaska, USA
Sunset crater (Arizona, USA)

18. SOME CINDER CONE VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Smith volcano (Babuyan islands)
Musuan volcano (Bukidnon)
Mount Mayabobo (Candelaria, Quezon)

19. Types of volcano according
to their eruptive history:
1. Active volcano- erupted
within 10,000 years
2. Inactive volcano- no
recorded eruptions for at
least 10,000 years
3. Dormant volcano- has
not erupted for at least
2,000 years but, is expected
to erupt again
4. Potentially active
volcano- morphologically
young looking but no
historical or analytical
records of eruption

20. Types of volcanic eruption:
1. Strombolian and Hawaiian
eruptions
2. Vucanian eruptions
3. Subplinian and Plinian
eruptions
4. Phreatic eruptions
5. Phreatomagmatic eruptions

21. 1. Strombolian and Hawaiian
eruptions- these are the least
violent types of eruptions.
Hawaiians eruptions have fire
fountains and lava flows
Strombolian eruptions have
explosions causing lava
fragments

22. 2. Vulcanian eruptions- these eruptions are small to moderate explosive eruptions,
lasting seconds to minutes. Ash column can be up to 20 kilometer in height, and lava
blocks and bombs may be ejected from the vent.

23. 3. Subplinian and Plinian eruptions- eruptions with a high rate of magma
discharge, sustained for minutes to hours. They form a tall eruption column of a
mixture of gas and rock particles, and can cause wide dispersion of ash.

24. 4. Phreatic eruptions- an eruption
driven by the heat from magma
interacting with water. The water
can be groundwater, hydrothermal
systems, surface runoff, a lake or the
sea. This type of eruption pulverize
surrounding rocks and can produce
ash, but do not include new magma.

25. 5. Phreatomagmatic
eruptions- results from the
interaction of magma or lava
with water and can be very
explosive. The water can be
from groundwater,
hydrothermal systems,
surface runoff, a lake or the
sea.