VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) allows users to make phone calls using an Internet connection instead of traditional telephone lines. It works by converting voice signals into digital data packets that are transmitted over the Internet and then reconverted at the destination. Key aspects include using codecs to compress voice, encapsulating the digital voice within IP packets, and routing these packets through the network. While VoIP provides benefits like inclusion of features and lower long distance costs, it also faces some security risks due to using the public Internet for phone calls.

1. Voice over internet
protocol
Aafrin siddiqui

2. abstract:
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that enables one to make
and receive phone calls through the Internet instead of using the traditional
analogy PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) lines.

3. What is VOIP?
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a great technology that allows you to
make and receive telephone calls over the Internet.
VoIP is packetisation and transport of classic public switched telephone
system audio over an IP network.
It allows 2-way voice transmission over broadband connection.
It is also called IP telephony, internet telephony, voice over broadband,
broadband telephony.

5. Voip-how does IT WORKS?
Converting the voice signal :
● ADC (analog to digital)
● DAC (digital to analog)
Voice (source) - - ADC - - - Internet - - - DAC - -Voice (destination)
1. Compression – voice is compressed typically with one of the following
codecs, G7.11 64k, G7.29AB 8k, G723.1 6.3k
2. Encapsulation – the digitized voice is wrapped in an IP packet.
3. Routing – the voice packet is routed thru the network to its final
destination

7. Voip networking model:

9. Voip gateway:
A voip gateway is gateway device which uses internet protocol
to transmit and receive voice communication (VoIP).

10. Voip codecs:
Codecs (coder decoder)are used to convert an analog voice signal to digitally
encoded version. Codecs vary in the sound quality, the bandwidth required, the
computational requirements, etc.

11. Sn
o PSTN VoIP
1. Dedicated Lines All channels carried over one Internet connection
2. Each line is 64kbps (in each direction) Compression can result in 10kbps (in each direction)
3. Features such as call waiting, Caller ID and so on are usually
available at an extra cost
Features such as call waiting, Caller ID and so on are usually
included free with service
4. Can be upgraded or expanded with new equipment and line
provisioning
Upgrades usually requires only bandwidth and software
upgrades
5. Long distance is usually per minute or bundled minute subscription Long distance is often included in regular monthly price
6. Hardwired landline phones (those without an adapter) usually
remain active during power outage
Lose power, lose phone service without power backup in
place
7. When placing a 911 call it can be traced to your location 911 emergency calls cannot always be traced to a specific
geographic location

12. Can a PSTN Phone Work with VoIP?
Yes, it can. You can use an Analogue Telephone Adapter (ATA), which will
convert your traditional telephone set into a digital telephone set. It can
then be used with your VoIP phone system.

13. SECURITY RISKS
As VoIP uses the Internet, for example, it is vulnerable to
the same type as security risks
● Hacking
● Denial of service
● Eavesdropping