Vitamin E has antioxidant properties and exists as tocopherols and tocotrienols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most active form. It prevents oxidation of cell components like fatty acids and protects polyunsaturated fatty acids. Vitamin E is fat-soluble and stored in tissues like adipose tissue, liver and muscle. It is essential for membrane structure, reproductive functions, heme synthesis, stabilizing coenzyme Q, and optimal nutrient absorption. Deficiency can cause sterility, muscle degeneration, and anemia, while toxicity is rarely seen even at high doses.

1. VITAMIN E

2. Chemistry
• Group of Tocopherols and tocotrienol
• 8 tocopherols have been identified
• Alpha-tocopherol is the most active
• Vitamin E is stored in adipose tissue, liver and muscle.

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4. Functions
Antioxidant property
• lt prevents the nonenzymatic oxidations of various cell components (e.g. unsaturated fatty
acids) by oxygen and free radicals such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.
• Vitamin E is lipophilic and is found in association with lipoproteins, fat deposits and
cellular membranes.It protects PUFA from peroxidation reactions.
• Acts as a scavenger and gets itself oxidized (to quinone form) by free radicals (R) and
spares PUFA
• Selenium helps in these function

5. Functions
• Essential for the membrane structure and integrity of the cell : Membrane
Antioxidant.
• Reproductive functions and prevents sterility. Vitamin E preserves & maintaining
germinal epithelium of gonads for proper reproductive function.
• Increases the synthesis of heme by enhancing the activity of : 6- aminolevulinic acid
(ALA) synthase and ALA dehydratase.
• Stabilizes Coenzyme Q : required for cellular respiration through electron transport
chain.

6. Functions
• Works in association with Vitamins A , C and beta-carotene, to delay the onset of
cataract
• Required for proper storage of creatine in skeletal muscle
• Needed for optimal absorption of amino acids from the intestine
• Involved in proper synthesis of nucleic acids
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7. Deficiency
• Sterility
• Degenerative changes in muscle
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Changes in CNS

8. Toxicity
Vitamin E = Least toxic.
No toxic effect has been reported

9. RDA
A 600 microg
D 200 IU
E
K
600 microg
800
200 IU
400 IU
10 mg
10 mg
8 mg
120 microg 90 microg