Gives Information About Hybrid Approach for (K,N) Secret Sharing Scheme in Visual Cryptography. and also Literature Survey on visual cryptography from past 10 Years.

1. HYBRID APPROACH FOR (K, N) SECRET SHARING IN VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY
School of Computer Science and Engineering
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-Tamil Nadu -632014
Allu Supraja-17MCI0013
M-Tech CSE(IS) 2017-2019
allu.supraja2017@vitstudent.ac.in

2. INTRODUCTION:
• Visual cryptography (VC) is an emerging area used for data hiding, authentication,
multimedia security and transmission of data.
• Recent research shows many applications uses visual cryptography concept in
authentication, secure transaction, secret sharing of information.

3. LITERATURE SURVEY
• Vinita malik et al (2016) [1] have proposed a des (data encryption standard) algorithm for shaded
visual cryptography.
• Ch. Rupa et al(2016)[2] have proposed another recommendation that is keyed visual cryptographic
scheme (KVCS) to decrease the assault by programmer.
• Asha bhadran r (2015) [3] have displayed a visual cryptography procedure for shading pictures get
encoded due to created share.
• M. Karolinet et al (2015) [4] have proposed a technique for pictures with 256 hues which are
changed over to 16 standard RGB hues design.

4. • Kashmira S. Gulhaneet et al (2016), [5] the image is partitioned into parts known as offers and
after that these offers are dispersed to the members.
• Nidhal khdhair, abbadiet et al (2016) [6] have recommended another technique for picture
encryption in light.
• K. Kanagalakshmet et al (2016) [7] have proposed a technique that depends on blowfish
calculation with prevalent highlights.
• Naor & shamir (1994) [8] have proposed the fundamental topic of visual cryptography inside
which the key picture is part into 2 shares.
• Manika sharmaet al (2013) [9] have proposed a cryptographic system for shading pictures where
we are utilizing shading mistake dissemination with xor activity.

5. EXAMPLE USING PIXELS:

6. COMPARITIVE STUDY
ALGORITHM METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
Watermark method based on
Visual cryptography
• Difficult to detect or
recover from marked
image illegally
• The weakness of this
method is different
verification information
for different marked
images
(K,N)-threshold visual
cryptography scheme
• Data loss prevention and
security in recovering
image.
• If the dimensions of the
image is high difficult to
analyze.
Extended colour visual
cryptography for black and
white secret image
• Satisfy security, contrast,
and cover image
conditions.
• (k, n)-CBW-VCS are all
perfect black.
• Non-perfect black VC
cannot be determined
Concept of VC and image
processing in banking
• Secure transactions
• authentication
• Only works on black and
white images.
CHANG’S EMBEDDING • Less noisy • (2,N) colored images can’t

7. OBJECTIVE
• The existing system include lot of research on visual cryptography technique.
• The concepts like EVCT (extended visual cryptography technique), halftoning, CTVCS (color
transfer visual cryptography scheme), (k, n) secret sharing.
• The implementation of visual cryptography concept include mainly number of secret images,
pixel expansion, image format and types of share generated.

8. VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY NOTATIONS
• (1) k- threshold
• (2) n- group size
• (3) m-pixel expansion
• (4) α-relative contrast
• (5) h(v)-hamming weight
• (6) c0-collection of n*m Boolean matrices for shares of white pixel
• (7) c1-collection of n*m Boolean matrices for shares of black pixel
• (8) d-number in [1,m]
• (9) v- or’ed K rows

9. ALGORITHM FOR IMPLEMENTATION
• Visual cryptography by naor and shamir for monochrome images
• KN sharing scheme for colored images
• SHA-512 algorithm
• AES-256 bit algorithm
Tools:
• MATLAB 2018 or later

10. FLOWCHART FOR IMPLEMENTATION
METHODOLOGY:

11. CONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
• Low level of security
• No key based security
• Random noise generation in shares
• Transparency
• Possibility of attack in shares

12. PROS ON ANALYSIS OF HYBRID APPROACH
• Enhanced security
• Robustness
• No transparency
• Key based approach for each individual share

13. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
• The below figure shows result when AES algorithm is used to generate the (k, n) secret sharing
scheme to make data more secure.

14. QUANTITATIVE RESULTS
Fig: Psnr Vs K For Normal Image Fig: Psnr Vs K For 10*10 Image
Show Variation In Psnr When Ran
10 Times
Fig 7: Psnr Vs K For 100*100
Image Variation In Psnr When Ran
10 Times

15. APPLICATIONS OF VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY
• Watermarking
• Secure banking communication
• Defense system
• Anti-phishing system

16. CONCLUSION
• Visual cryptography scheme place vital role in rapid growth technology while implementing any
type of application. This can be considered as one of major security concern to prevent
unauthorized access and all possible attacks.
• The above work implemented on the basis of security measure. This results in reduction of
random-noise generated between shares, secret sharing in a secured medium, and increase
transparency also robustness.
• The hybrid mechanism of two level approach is to enhance the security and makes the visual
cryptography more robust to prevent attacks.

17. FUTURE SCOPE
Every parameter of visual cryptography is kept minded and implemented, so that we can use this
approach in real time applications like distributed system, networks, banking and so on. Data
security is concentrated majorly in recent research works further we can implement for multimedia
security like audio and video.

18. REFERENCES
[1] a. Pandey and S. Som, “applications and usage of visual cryptography: A review,” 2016 5th int.
Conf. Reliab. Infocom technol. Optim. ICRITO 2016 trends futur. Dir., Pp. 375–381, 2016.
[2] b. Symposium, “AN IMPROVED VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY SCHEME FOR SECRET
HIDING R . youmaran , A . adler , A . miri school of information technology and engineering (
SITE ), university of ottawa , ontario , canada,” pp. 340–343, 2006.
[3] c. N. Yang, T. C. Tung, F. H. Wu, and Z. Zhou, “color transfer visual cryptography with perfect
security,” meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., Vol. 95, pp. 480–493, 2017.
[4] s. Dixit, D. K. Jain, and A. Saxena, “an approach for secret sharing using randomized visual
secret sharing,” proc. - 2014 4th int. Conf. Commun. Syst. Netw. Technol. CSNT 2014, pp. 847–850,
2014.
[5] c. Vyas and M. Lunagaria, “a review on methods for image authentication and visual
cryptography in digital image,” IEEE int. Conf. Comput. Intell. Comput. Res., 2014.
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