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Vision
- 1. Prepared by: Gozon, Ma.Crystal Angelika O. 2PSED1
- 2. Light • One smallpart of a spectrum of electromagnetic energy that surrounds us
- 3. Did you know? Lightconsists a set of electromagnetic waves which travel at a speed of around 186,000 miles per second.
- 4. Electromagnetic Energy All formsmove in waves
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- 6. Sir Isaac Newton •Discovered that sunlight could be broken down into different colors by means of a triangular solid of glass called Prism
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- 11. HUMAN EYE ANDITS PARTS RETINA Bipolar Cells Ganglion Cells OPTIC NERVE -the nerve that transmits sensory information from the eye to the brain
- 12. HUMAN EYE ANDITS PARTS Cones • -cone-shaped photo- receptors that transmit sensations of color Rod • -rod-shaped photoreceptors that are sensitive only to the intensity of light
- 13. Types of Photoreceptors Rods 125million rods are distributed across the retina Allow us to see in black and white More sensitive to dim light Cones 6.4 million cones are distributed across the retina Densely packed in a small spot at the center of the retina called the Fovea Visual acuity is greatest at this spot Provides vision color
- 14. HUMAN EYE ANDITS PARTS Visual Acuity – sharpness of vision Nearsighted/Myopia • a vision condition in which close objects are seen clearly, but objects farther away appear Farsighted/Hyperopia • a vision condition in which distant objects are usually seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus Blind Spot • the area of the retina where axons from ganglion cells meet from the optic nerve
- 15. Presbyopia A condition characterizedby brittleness of the lens
- 16. Light Adaptation Dark Adaptation -theprocess of adjusting lower lighting *Cones reach their max adaptation to darkness in about 10 minutes while Rod continue to adapt for 45 minutes or so.
- 17. Light Adaptation Adapting tobrighter conditions takes place more rapidly. *At first you may be painfully surprised by the featureless blaze around you
- 19. Color Vision • isthe ability of an organism to distinguish objects based on the wavelengths of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit.
- 20. Perceptual Dimensions ofColor Hue Value Saturation
- 21. Warm and CoolColors
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- 23. Afterimages -the lingering visual impression made bya stimulus that has been removed
- 25. Theories of ColorVision 1. Trichromatic Theory -based on an experiment conducted by Thomas Young, British scientist -the theory that color vision is made possible by three types -
- 26. Theories of ColorVision Hermann von Helmholtz - German physiologist - The retina in the eye must have 3 different types of color photoreceptors cones
- 27. Theories of ColorVision 2. Opponent-process Theory - Ewald Hering, a German physiologist -the theory that color vision is made possible by three types
- 28. Perceptual Dimensions ofColor Hue Value Saturation
- 29. Color Blindness Trichromat - Aperson with normal color vision Monochromat -A person who is sensitive to black and white only and hence color-blind Dichromats - A person who is sensitive to black-white and either red- green or blue-yellow and hence partially color blind.
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- 33. It is theprocess by which we organize or make sense of the sensory impressions caused by the light that strikes our eyes.
- 34. Perceptual Organization Ambiguous - Capableof being interpreted in various ways
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- 36. Laws of PerceptualOrganization • Closure • Similarity • Continuity • Proximity
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- 42. Top- Down Perceive the whole andthen individual parts as needed Input-data driven Bottom- Up Perceive the individual parts and organize them into a whole, if possible Information available in the stimulus itself
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- 44. Sensations that giverise to misperceptions
- 45. Stroboscopic Motion • Aseries of stationary images that are presented in rapid success
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- 47. Monocular Cues • Perspective •Relative size • Clearness • Overlapping • Shadows • Texture Gradient Binocular Cues • Retinal Disparity • Convergence
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- 53. Visual Illusions • TheHering-Helmholtz
- 54. Visual Illusions • TheMuller-Lyer
Editor's Notes
- #12 Retina -the area of the inner surface of the eye that contains rods and cones -contains: Bipolar Cells – neurons that conduct neural impulses from rods and cones to ganglion cells Ganglion Cells – neurons whose axons form the optic nerve Optic Nerve -the nerve that transmits sensory information from the eye to the brain
- #13 Types of Photoreceptors Cones -cone-shaped photo-receptors that transmit sensations of color Rod -rod-shaped photoreceptors that are sensitive only to the intensity of light
- #15 Visual Acuity sharpness of vision, shape of the eye Blind Spot -the area of the retina where axons from ganglion cells meet from the optic nerve Nearsighted/Myopia -a vision condition in which close objects are seen clearly, but objects farther away appear Farsighted/Hyperopia -a vision condition in which distant objects are usually seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus. Presbyopia A condition characterized by brittleness of the lens
- #16 Picture ng resbyopia Eyeglass\