VIRUSES.pptx
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Viruses are acellular infectious agents that contain nucleic acids and are wrapped in a protein coat. They replicate by using the machinery of host cells, either resulting in cell lysis (lytic replication) or integrating their genetic material into the host genome (lysogenic replication). Viruses vary in their genetic material, hosts, size, capsid morphology, and whether they have an envelope. They are classified based on these characteristics as well as whether they have RNA or DNA. Examples of viruses discussed include retroviruses such as HIV and influenza viruses. Viruses can mutate rapidly and cause significant human, plant, and animal diseases.
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Viruses are small infectious particles that can only replicate inside living host cells. They contain nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat and infect all types of organisms. Viruses enter host cells, release their genetic material, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components and assemble new virus particles, which then exit the cell. Viruses are classified based on characteristics like nucleic acid type, structure, and host organisms. Their replication cycles involve entry, uncoating, expression and replication of genes, assembly of new viral particles, and release.
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1.Medical Virology PH 2022.pptx
This document provides an introduction to viruses and their properties. It discusses how viruses are the smallest infectious agents and are not considered alive as they cannot replicate independently and are obligate intracellular parasites. The document outlines virus structure, noting they contain genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. It also categorizes viruses based on their nucleic acid composition, size, morphology, presence of envelopes, host tropism and disease caused. Various virus families are illustrated including DNA viruses like herpesviruses and RNA viruses such as retroviruses, flaviviruses and bunyaviruses.
Virus and viral diseases in plants
- More than 2000 viruses are known to infect plants, with about 1/4 causing diseases. Some common plant viruses include tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and cauliflower mosaic virus.
- Viral diseases in plants show symptoms like mosaic patterns, leaf curling, vein clearing, and bunchy tops. Viruses are obligate parasites that replicate inside living cells and are composed of nucleic acids and proteins.
- Plant viruses are transmitted in several ways, including by insects, mechanical means, seed, vegetative propagation, fungi, nematodes, and soil. Effective management of plant viruses involves controlling vectors, using resistant varieties, and sterilizing agricultural tools.
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Viruses and prions are two types of infectious agents. Viruses are small microorganisms that infect other living organisms and consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein shell. They can cause oral diseases. Prions are proteinaceous particles that can self-replicate and induce neurodegenerative diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans after a long incubation period. They are highly resistant to inactivation.
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on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Recently uploaded (20)
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
VIRUSES.pptx
- 1. James M. Mitchell, MD
- 2. VIROLOGY
- 3. VIROLOGY
- 4. VIROLOGY
- 5. Viruses Definitions: Virus- acellular, infectious agent having one or more pieces of nucleic acids, DNA or RNA but not both; wrapped in a protein coat, +/- membranous envelope; obligate intracellular parasite Bacteriophage (phage)- a virus that infects bacteria Viral Replication Lytic- replication involves use of the host cell’s organelles and enzymes to produce virions resulting in the death and lysis of the host cell; results in cell death Lysogenic- viral DNA is inserted into the host genome; it is copied when the cell replicates and passed to daughter cells; an external stressor can induce the cell into the lytic phase Transduction- transfer of bacterial genes by a phage Prophage- insertion of phage DNA into bacterial chromosome
- 6. Viruses
- 7. VIRUSES Background History Discovered in 1892 by Russian botanist Dmitri Ivanosky Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Hershey and Chase- in 1952 demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of a bacteriophage (T2) which infects the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- 8. Viruses
- 9. Viruses Characteristics of Viruses Similarities Intracellular/extracellular- virion Protein Coat- capsid Membrane-like envelope- not all
- 10. Viruses
- 11. Viruses Characteristics of Viruses Differences Genetic Material Classification based on type of genetic material in viral genome Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
- 12. Viruses Characteristics of Viruses Differences Hosts of Viruses Most viruses infect only particular host’s cells HIV- T helper cells Rabies- humans to bats Plant viruses- corn, sugarcane, tobacco, tomatoes, beans Fungal viruses
- 13. Viruses Characteristics of Viruses Differences Sizes- 10nm t0 300nm Poliovirus 30nm Smallpox virus 200nm x 300nm
- 14. Viruses
- 15. Viruses Characteristics of Viruses Capsid Morphology Composed of protein subunits- capsomeres Viral Shapes Helical, polyhedral, complex Viral Envelope Enveloped vs. Nonenveloped Acquired from the host cell during viral replication or release Plays a role in the recognition of host cells
- 16. Viruses
- 17. Viruses
- 18. Viruses
- 19. Viruses
- 20. Viruses Classification 1. Taxonomy Type of nucleic acid Presence of an envelope Shape Size
- 21. Viruses Retroviruses RNA viruses, +ssRNA Require reverse transcriptase to make a DNA intermediary mRNA is transcribed from the DNA by RNA polymerase DNA is incorporated into the host DNA (provirus) Examples- Rous Sarcoma Virus- infects chickens Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Feline Leukemia Virus HTLV- 1st human retrovirus discovered HIV
- 22. VIRUSES
- 23. Viruses Impact of Viruses Replicate quickly, mutate rapidly, remain hidden inside host cells Antibiotics/Antivirals Threat of viral diseases Human Plant Cloning Oncogenes Burkitt’s Lymphoma- EBV Kaposi’s Sarcoma- HHV-8 Cervical Cancer- HPV Hepatocarcinoma- HEP B
- 24. VIRUSES
- 25. Viruses References: 1. Bauman, R. W., & Timberlake, K. C. (2006). Microbiology and chemistry: An integrated approach. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing. 2. Campbell, N. A. (2009). Biology: Concepts & connections. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. 3. Kasper, D. L., & Harrison, T. R. (2005). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw- Hill, Medical Pub. Division.
Editor's Notes
- First described by Adolf Mayer 1886, 1898 Beijerinck
- Togaviridae, flaviviridae; helical Coronavirus