Virtualization allows computer resources to be abstracted and shared. It involves simulating hardware to run virtual machines that behave like physical computers. A hypervisor manages virtual machines and allocates resources to them. Virtualization provides benefits like efficient resource use, increased availability, disaster recovery, and on-demand scaling. While it adds complexity, virtualization is commonly used to virtualize desktops, run specific programs, create test environments, design private clouds, and utilize public clouds. Major vendors provide virtualization software and cloud services.

1. VIRTUALIZATION
MUHAMMAD ADNAN SOHAIL
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2. WHAT IS VIRTUAL
• Dictionary Definition:
Very close to being something without actually being it.
Being such in power or effect, though not actually such.
• ComputerTerms:
Opposite of physical.
Exist only in the memory of a computer.

3. METAPHOR
• Car-racingVideo Game:
No physical car.
Computer simulation of an engine, a transmission, brakes, tires and other parts.
• Virtual Server:
No physical computer parts.
Computer simulation of a processor, memory, disk, and network.
Accomplishes the same goals as a physical server.

4. HYPERVISOR
• A piece of computer software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs
virtual machines.
• Generic term that doesn't apply to any particular vendor.
• Host  Actual physical server, that runs the Hypervisor software.
• Guest  Not exist physically, virtual machine hosted by hypervisor.

5. TYPES OF HYPERVISOR
• Type 1 Hypervisor (Native, or a Bare Metal):
• Runs directly on the physical hardware.There is no operating system separate from the
hypervisor, mean act as OS.
• Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted):
• Runs as an application or service on separate OS.

6. THE CLOUD
• Different vendors define it differently.
• Some vendors running hypervisor software on their hardware.
• Some venders rent access to hypervisor.
• Not be exactly sure where your virtual server is running. It could be in one data center or
multiple data centers.
• Even if you knew what data center it was in, you wouldn't know what machine in that data
center it's running on.
• Typically draw a cloud on the network diagram to represent all of these things that we don't
know exactly where they're running.

7. PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND HYBRID CLOUD
• Public Cloud is owned by someone else and they rent access to it.
• Lots of different customers running on one set of physical hardware.
• Private Cloud is owned by the people that use it.
• Only one customer running on a private Cloud.
• Hybrid Cloud is a combination of public and private cloud.
• Option to move virtual machines to a public cloud in case their private cloud couldn’t
handle workload.
• E-Commerce retailer use this option during a busy time such as Christmas / Eids season.

8. TYPE OF SERVICE OFFERED BY VENDERS
• Infrastructure as a service(IaaS):
• Virtual processor, memory and disk and install virtual machines run almost any operating
system or any piece of software.
• Platform as a service (PaaS):
• Having an operating system, and possibly having some software on there, like a relational
database server, and a web server.
• Not have to worry about installing an operating system or maintaining that.
• Software as a service (SaaS):
• Get a predefined, fully functional piece of software.
• Little or no maintenance or administration that has to be done by the end user.
• For example: email provider that runs in the Google Cloud.

9. COMMON USES OF VIRTUALIZATION
• Virtualizing Desktop Computers.
• Running a Specific Program.
• Setting UpTest and Development Environments.
• Designing a Private Cloud.
• Utilizing a Public Cloud.

10. VIRTUALIZING DESKTOP COMPUTERS
• Challenges:
• Troubleshoot unique setups
• Upgrade applications
• Hardware refreshed
• Virtualization:
• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
• A central server pushes a copy ofVM to each user.
• Processing on thatVM will typically occur remotely.
• Desktop is a dumb terminal.
• User must save documents to network server
• Reducing Troubleshooting and Administration
• Help desk only ever has to troubleshoot one situation.
• Reduced hardware costs
• Expand quickly
• Top vendors forVDI solutions: 1) Citrix  XenServer. 2)VMware  Horizon 3) Microsoft  MSVDI

11. RUNNING A SPECIFIC PROGRAM
• Legacy applications
• 32bitVs. 64bit
• Different operating systems.
• Windows XP Vs.Windows 7
• MacVs. Windows
• WindowsVs. Linux

12. VIRTUALIZING TEST ENVIRONMENTS
• PermanentTest Environment:
• Example Ecommerce website have a test infrastructure before they roll changes to the production
website.
• Use to undo whatever something happens that doesn't go quite right.
• Use of snapshots and checkpoints to easy to roll back to where you were before.
• Scale hardware:
• how much hardware would we have to handle a certain load?
• Create test servers by cloning production server.
• TemporaryTesting:
• Example evaluating a new accounting system.
• No Need to buy new hardware.
• Use current virtualize environment.
• Use public cloud.
• The Cloud Provides:
• AmazonAWS – monthly
• Microsoft Azure – monthly
• Amazon Spot Instances – hourly

13. DESIGNING A PRIVATE CLOUD
• Large number of hosts and guests.
• Large percentage of the infrastructure.
• Run the main line of business applications.
• Private Cloud Considerations:
• Storage: Bottleneck in a private cloud consists of File SystemTypes (Read), Quantity (Space) and
Quality (Speed)
• Bandwidth: Local or Remote
• Uptime: Affect a lot of other decisions.
• Monitoring: the event of a disaster live migration
• Scalability: estimation for future
• Private CloudTools:
• Microsoft  Hyper-V and System CenterVirtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) (administration of a
large number ofVMs, live migration etc.)
• VMware  vCloud Suite consists of 1) vSphere ESXi (Type 1), 2) vMotion (live migration), 3) DRS
(Load balancing), 4) vCloud Director (Managing a private cloud)

14. UTILIZING A PUBLIC CLOUD
• Inexpensive to start
• Could be expensive to maintain.
• Not cheaper in the long run.
• Practically infinite scalability
• High availability
• More than small business can achieve on their own
• Significantly more secure than a server in a closet.
• May not secure blindly but need good Service Level Agreement (SLA):
• Read the SLA.
• Understand the SLA
• Negotiate the SLA
• Public Cloud Providers:
• Amazon  Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• Microsoft  Azure
• Rackspace  OpenCloud.
• Salesforce.com  CRM solutions

15. VIRTUALIZATION ADVANTAGES
• More efficient utilization of hardware
• Use what you need when you need it.
• Manually or Automatically adjust/resize resources
• Increase availability
• Manually or Automatically Live migration ofVMs
• Disaster recovery
• Snapshot or Checkpoint (Save the state of a virtual machine at a point in time)
• Just-in-time delivery of resources
• Processor (Fixed and speed can be Dynamic) and Memory (Dynamic and reclaim memory
by guest called ballooning)
• Saving energy
• Saving money
• Help scale data centers

16. VIRTUALIZATION DISADVANTAGES
• Increased complexity
• Network  Increased Load , Duplicate IP and MAC address
• Storage  Performance, Quality and Quantity problem with local storage
• Troubleshooting  Problem conflicting with Hypervisor/OS/ Hardware
• Expense
• Hypervisor best features is not free.
• Software load inVMs not free
• Special licensing forVMs environment
• Sprawl
• To manyVMs
• MoreVMs required more storage, bandwidth, administration, licenses and power
• Stopping Sprawl  Decommissioning unusedVMs, Identify temporaryVMs when created
and Audit productionVMs

17. That’s All
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