Virtual Reality seminar presented by Sanghvi Stavan R. discusses the history and types of virtual reality. It introduces VR as an interactive 3D computer-generated environment experienced with body movement. The history of VR is traced from the 1850s including early examples in art and science fiction. Types of VR systems include non-immersive, semi-immersive using large screens, and fully-immersive using head-mounted displays. How VR works is also summarized, including the need for high frame rates, field of view, and controlling refresh rates to avoid distortions.

1. Virtual Reality
SEMINAR – 2IT505
Presented By:
Sanghvi Stavan R.
16012021067
U V Patel College of Engineering
B. Tech Semester – V Information Technology
Nov – Dec 2018

2. Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 What is Virtual Reality?
1.2 History of Virtual Reality
1.3 Why Virtual Reality?
2. Types of VR Systems
3. How Virtual Reality Works?

3. Introduction
1.1 What is Virtual Reality?
• Virtual reality (VR) is an interactive computer generated three-
dimensional environment which is experienced or controlled by the user
with the movement of body. [1]
• This immersive environment can be similar to the real world or it can
be fantastical, creating an experience that is not possible in ordinary
physical reality.
• It creates a Virtual Environment for the user which can be
experienced by two of five senses: Sight and Sound. It gives the user a real
world experience and makes user believe that he/she is in that virtual
world, both mentally and physically.

4. Introduction
1.2 History of Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality is considered to have begun in 1950’s but early
tracings of elements of Virtual Reality are said to be found from 1860’s and
long before the development of digital technology.
Early Artistic examples of VR are the 360° MURALS (artwork painted
directly on a wall or ceiling) which enabled the observer to engage with the
art-work.
The first references to the more modern concept of Virtual Reality
came into existence from Science Fiction.
[2]

5. Introduction
1.2 History of Virtual Reality
[ Panoramic View of a 360° Mural at The Ruined Church ]
[3]

6. Introduction
1.2 History of Virtual Reality
[2]
Year Invention Inventor
1956 Sensorama Morton Heilig
1961 Headsight-first VR helmet Corme and Byen
1965 Ultimate Display Ivan Sutherland
1966 Flight Simulator for air-force Thomas A. Furness
1968 Sword of Damocles Ivan Sutherland
1980 Stereo Vision Glasses StereoGraphics Company
1989 Video-game machine with
3d technology
ATARI
1991 SEGA VR-headset SEGA
2010 3d mode of street view Google

7. Introduction
1.2 History of Virtual Reality
Sensorama
(Morten Heilig)
Ultimate Display
(Ivan Sutherland)
Sword of Damocles
(Ivan Sutherland)
[3]

8. Introduction
1.3 Why Virtual reality?
• Virtual Reality gives you enhanced vision.
• Virtual Reality is useful for those who are physically disabled or old
people.
• Virtual Reality takes you to the place where it is not easily possible to go.
For eg. Deep in the Ocean

9. Types of VR Systems
I. Non-Immersive
II. Semi-Immersive
III. Fully-Immersive

10. Types of VR Systems
NON-IMMERSIVE VR SYSTEM:
Using the desktop system, the virtual
Environment is viewed through a portal or
window by utilizing a standard high resolution
monitor.
Interaction with the virtual environment can
Occur by conventional means such as keyboards, mice
and trackballs

11. Types of VR Systems
SEMI-IMMERSIVE VR SYSTEM:
This often consists of a large, concave screen, projection system and monitor
and is similar to the large screen experiences seen at IMAX cinemas.
The viewer becomes partly but not fully immersed in this environment.
User does not need to wear a head-mounted display.
Example: Flight Simulator

12. Types of VR Systems
SEMI-IMMERSIVE VR SYSTEM:
Flight Simulator

13. Types of VR Systems
FULLY-IMMERSIVE VR SYSTEM:
The User is totally immersed in the imaginary environment experienced with
a first-person view.
The person wears a pair of virtual reality glasses or a head mounted display
(HMD) which displays a three dimensional image via a process known as
stereoscopy and a pair of data gloves or move controllers to interact.
This is where observer is shown two images – one per eye – which the brain
combines into a single image.

14. Types of VR Systems
FULLY-IMMERSIVE VR SYSTEM:

15. How Virtual Reality Works?
• VR headset is a device to experience Virtual Reality. VR headset is like a
Heads-up Display (HUD) which allows user to immerse in an imaginary
environment with a first-person view.

16. How Virtual Reality Works?
Working of VR Headset:
• Every VR headset puts screens for the eyes, which eliminates the
interaction with the outside world.
• Two autofocus lenses are placed between the eyes that are adjusted
automatically with the individual eye movement and positioning.
• The Visuals on the screen are rendered either by using a mobile phone or
connecting an HDMI cable with a PC.
[4]

17. How Virtual Reality Works?
Prerequisites:
• A frame rate minimum of 60 fps (frames per second).
• Minimum refresh rate of 60Hz, so that the screen tearing does is avoided.
• Minimum 100° of FOV (field of view), though if it is more it would be more
good.
• We need to Control the refresh rate of the screen as per the frame rate, if
GPU’s fps is more than the screen’s refresh rate then the image may get
distorted. To counter this issue, we limit the frame rate using the Vertical
Sync (V-sync) Technology.

18. How Virtual Reality Works?
• VR headset receives input from two different sources: an HDMI cable that
is either connected to a PC or Console and another is Smartphone.
• The former applies to headsets such as HTC Vive and Oculus Rift and the
latter applies to headsets such as Google’s Daydream and Samsung’s Gear
VR headsets.
HTC Vive Samsung Gear VR

19. How Virtual Reality Works?

20. THANK YOU

21. References
1. Virtual Reality Society- http://www.vrs.org.uk
2. All Virtual Reality - http://allvirtualreality.com/tutorials/timeline-virtual-reality-history-
important-vr-chronological-events.html
3. Google Images
4. https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/how-vr-works-technology-behind-virtual-reality