about Virginia Henderson, life, career,

1. Virginia
Henderson• The nurse, theorist, and
author known for her Need
Theory.
• “The First Lady of Nursing,”
• “The Nightingale of Modern
Nursing,”
• “Modern-Day Mother of
Nursing,”
• “The 20th Century Florence
Nightingale.”

3. Kansas City, Missouri

5. Washington, D.C.
Army Nursing School

6. New York City
Columbia Teachers College

7. Bachelor of Science (1932)
Master of Arts (1934)
1934-1948 faculty

8. Textbook on the Principles and
Practice of Nursing (1939) with
Bertha Harmer

11. cross-reference nursing research
1900-1960
Nursing Research: Survey and
Assessment, 1964
Nursing Studies Index, 1972
(4 volumes)

12. Basic Principles of Nursing Care,
1960
The Nature of Nursing, 1966
Principles and Practice of Nursing,
1978

14. Among her other works,
Henderson’s widely known
contributions to nursing is the Need
Theory. The Need Theory
emphasizes on the importance of
increasing the patient’s
independence and focus on the
basic human needs so that progress
after hospitalization would not be
delayed.

15. in the process of writing
textbooks, Henderson was forced
to define nursing

16. Definition of Nursing
“The unique function of the nurse is to
assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he would perform
unaided if he had the necessary strength,
will, or knowledge, and to do this in such a
way as to help him gain independence as
rapidly as possible.”

17. “It is my contention that the nurse is,
and should be legally, an independent
practitioner [as long as she is not
performing the doctor’s duties.] But the
nurse is the authority on basic nursing
care. Perhaps I should explain that by
basic nursing care I mean helping the
patient with the following activities…”

19. MAJOR
CONCEPTS

20. Person “patient” as someone who
needs nursing care (not limited to
illness care)
• Mind and body are inseparable
and interrelated.
• Considers the biological,
psychological, sociological, and
spiritual components.
• The theory presents the patient as
a sum of parts with
biopsychosocial needs, and the
patient is neither client nor
consumer.
Requiring assistance to achieve health
and independence or a peaceful death.

21. Environment
maintaining a supportive environment
• All external conditions and
influences that affect life and
development.
• Individuals in relation to families.
• Society expects nurses to act for
individuals who are unable to
function independently.
• In return she expects society to
contribute to nursing education.
• Basic nursing care involves
providing conditions under which
the patient can perform the 14
activities unaided.

22. Health
• Definition based on individual’s ability to function
independently as outlined in the 14 components.
• Nurses need to stress promotion of health and
prevention and cure of disease.
• Good health is a challenge.

23. Nursing
* Definition
Henderson's classic definition of nursing:
"I say that the nurse does for others
what they would do for themselves if they
had the strength, the will, and the
knowledge. But I go on to say that the
nurse makes the patient independent of
him or her as soon as possible."

25. Nurse’s role
• Substitutive : acting for a person
• Supplementary : assisting a person
• Complementary : working with the
person
“…with the goal of helping the person
become as independent as possible.”

26. “Today I see the role of nurses
as givers of ‘primary health
care,’ as those who diagnose
and treat when a doctor is
unavailable… Nurses may be
the general (medical)
practitioners of tomorrow…” [6]

27. 14 Basic Needs of Patients

30. Physiological
1. Breath normally
2. Eat and drink adequately
3. Eliminate body wastes
4. Move and maintain desirable postures
5. Sleep and rest
6.Select suitable clothes - dress and undress
7. Maintain body temperature within normal range by
adjusting clothing and modifying the environment.
8. Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the
integument.
9.Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring
others.
10.Communicate with others in expressing emotions,
needs, fears, or opinions.
14.Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to
normal development and health and use the available health
facilities.

31. Spiritual
11.Worship according to one’s faith.
Sociological
12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of
accomplishment.
13. Play or participate in various forms of
recreation.
Psychological

32. ‫العنوان‬
‫نبعة‬ ‫ابو‬ ‫هناء‬ ‫إعداد‬

33. ‫شكر‬