The document summarizes the history of Vietnamese immigration to the United States. It describes the small Vietnamese population in the U.S. prior to the Vietnam War. It then discusses the major waves of Vietnamese refugees fleeing the country after the fall of Saigon in 1975 and the communist takeover, the difficult journeys many took to reach refugee camps, and their initial settlement in the U.S., often taking low-skilled jobs. It also notes some discrimination Vietnamese immigrants faced upon arrival but have since achieved higher education and income levels.
The document provides a history of Vietnamese immigration to the United States from the 1960s to the 1990s. It begins by noting that in 1964, there were only 604 Vietnamese people in the US, who were mostly students, language teachers, and diplomats. The Vietnam War caused massive displacement as the US dropped over 8 million bombs and the use of Agent Orange destroyed forests, crops, and caused diseases. After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, the first wave of refugees fled to the US to escape persecution by the communist North. Subsequent waves fled economic hardship and discrimination, often embarking on dangerous journeys by overcrowded boats plagued by storms, pirates, and starvation. The refugees faced challenges settling in the US
This document provides an overview of Vietnamese immigration to the United States following the Vietnam War. It describes the small Vietnamese population in the US prior to the war, then details the major events of the war including the use of Agent Orange and bombings. It discusses the mass exodus of Vietnamese refugees after the fall of Saigon in 1975 and their journey to refugee camps in Southeast Asia and the US. Subsequent waves fled economic hardship and persecution in Vietnam. The document outlines how Vietnamese immigrants settled predominantly in California and Texas, initially working low-income jobs but achieving higher education and income over time.
Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that affects over 27 million victims worldwide each year. Victims are typically recruited through false promises, transported across borders while having their passports taken, and sold into situations of abuse and rights violations. The recruitment, transportation, and arrival of victims establishes a chain that maintains control over vulnerable people. Poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion are among the root causes that make people susceptible to trafficking. The UN works to prevent trafficking through initiatives and protocols that protect victims and promote international cooperation.
This document discusses the transformation of African agriculture that is likely to occur over the next two decades, mirroring Brazil's experience in recent decades. Key factors driving change include urbanization, the rise of large-scale "superfarms", a lack of legacy structures in African agriculture, and a desire for food security. The completion of the "BAC axis" between Brazil, Africa, and China will be important for global food security as China's food needs cannot be met by Brazil alone. Urbanization will create demand and capital for agricultural transformation. Large-scale industrialized farms are seen as inevitable and more efficient than smallholders. New thinking around sustainability, resource nationalism, and the future of aid will also influence African agriculture.
The document provides an overview of U.S. immigration history, policies, and the ongoing controversy surrounding both legal and illegal immigration. It discusses the various waves of immigrants to the U.S. from different parts of the world at different time periods, from the late 1800s to present day. In addition, it examines the reasons why people immigrate legally and illegally, where they come from, and possible solutions to illegal immigration such as border security measures or reform policies.
Southern and Eastern Europe were the primary sources of new immigrants to America at the turn of the 20th century. These immigrants faced both push factors like poverty, unemployment and famine in their home countries, as well as pull factors like employment opportunities and the idea of America as a land of opportunity. They faced difficult journeys and conditions upon arrival, with many settling in ethnic neighborhoods in cities. However, nativist groups opposed the new immigrants and Congress passed laws in the 1920s limiting immigration. The large influx of immigrants contributed to rapid urbanization and industrialization in the United States.
The document discusses the historiography of the causes of the American Civil War from 1865 to the present. It examines five stages of historical analysis: from focusing on individual leaders to recognizing the central role of slavery. Key events leading up to the war are also summarized, including the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted Southern secession. Economic and military factors that influenced the outcome of the war are also outlined.
The document provides a history of Vietnamese immigration to the United States from the 1960s to the 1990s. It begins by noting that in 1964, there were only 604 Vietnamese people in the US, who were mostly students, language teachers, and diplomats. The Vietnam War caused massive displacement as the US dropped over 8 million bombs and the use of Agent Orange destroyed forests, crops, and caused diseases. After the Fall of Saigon in 1975, the first wave of refugees fled to the US to escape persecution by the communist North. Subsequent waves fled economic hardship and discrimination, often embarking on dangerous journeys by overcrowded boats plagued by storms, pirates, and starvation. The refugees faced challenges settling in the US
This document provides an overview of Vietnamese immigration to the United States following the Vietnam War. It describes the small Vietnamese population in the US prior to the war, then details the major events of the war including the use of Agent Orange and bombings. It discusses the mass exodus of Vietnamese refugees after the fall of Saigon in 1975 and their journey to refugee camps in Southeast Asia and the US. Subsequent waves fled economic hardship and persecution in Vietnam. The document outlines how Vietnamese immigrants settled predominantly in California and Texas, initially working low-income jobs but achieving higher education and income over time.
Human trafficking is a $32 billion industry that affects over 27 million victims worldwide each year. Victims are typically recruited through false promises, transported across borders while having their passports taken, and sold into situations of abuse and rights violations. The recruitment, transportation, and arrival of victims establishes a chain that maintains control over vulnerable people. Poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion are among the root causes that make people susceptible to trafficking. The UN works to prevent trafficking through initiatives and protocols that protect victims and promote international cooperation.
This document discusses the transformation of African agriculture that is likely to occur over the next two decades, mirroring Brazil's experience in recent decades. Key factors driving change include urbanization, the rise of large-scale "superfarms", a lack of legacy structures in African agriculture, and a desire for food security. The completion of the "BAC axis" between Brazil, Africa, and China will be important for global food security as China's food needs cannot be met by Brazil alone. Urbanization will create demand and capital for agricultural transformation. Large-scale industrialized farms are seen as inevitable and more efficient than smallholders. New thinking around sustainability, resource nationalism, and the future of aid will also influence African agriculture.
The document provides an overview of U.S. immigration history, policies, and the ongoing controversy surrounding both legal and illegal immigration. It discusses the various waves of immigrants to the U.S. from different parts of the world at different time periods, from the late 1800s to present day. In addition, it examines the reasons why people immigrate legally and illegally, where they come from, and possible solutions to illegal immigration such as border security measures or reform policies.
Southern and Eastern Europe were the primary sources of new immigrants to America at the turn of the 20th century. These immigrants faced both push factors like poverty, unemployment and famine in their home countries, as well as pull factors like employment opportunities and the idea of America as a land of opportunity. They faced difficult journeys and conditions upon arrival, with many settling in ethnic neighborhoods in cities. However, nativist groups opposed the new immigrants and Congress passed laws in the 1920s limiting immigration. The large influx of immigrants contributed to rapid urbanization and industrialization in the United States.
The document discusses the historiography of the causes of the American Civil War from 1865 to the present. It examines five stages of historical analysis: from focusing on individual leaders to recognizing the central role of slavery. Key events leading up to the war are also summarized, including the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted Southern secession. Economic and military factors that influenced the outcome of the war are also outlined.
The document provides an overview of the geography and regions of the United States. It describes the country's large scale and varied landscape and climate. The US is divided into several distinct regions, including New England, the Mid-Atlantic region, the South, the Midwest, the Southwest, the Rocky Mountain region, and Pacific states. Each region has its own history and culture, and the document profiles some of the major cities and landmarks within each one.
The document contains advertisements from the 1780s selling enslaved people in Charleston, South Carolina. The ads note that around 250 people were for sale and that care was taken to prevent smallpox infections, as Charleston recently experienced a smallpox epidemic that killed over 700 people. It was not until 1796 that Edward Jenner demonstrated cowpox vaccination as a way to protect against smallpox.
The document provides an overview of life in the United States in 1900 compared to 1998, highlighting major social, economic, and technological changes over that period. Some key points included are the growth of the US population from 76 million to over 300 million, increases in average wages and declines in things like home ownership and family size. The document also discusses major reforms of the Progressive Era from 1900-1920 aimed at addressing issues like monopolies, corruption, child labor, and working conditions through efforts of muckrakers, reformers, and the federal government.
The document provides an overview of several key aspects of life in the United States during the Roaring Twenties, including the economy, isolationism, fears over communism and anarchism, labor issues, and cultural changes. The period was one of social and cultural transformation alongside economic growth, though various social and political tensions emerged, and underlying economic issues were beginning to arise by the later 1920s.
This document discusses American involvement in World War I, including recruitment efforts, propaganda used to sell the war effort to the public, and expansions of federal power and agencies during the war. It also examines some of the social and political consequences of the war at home, such as increased opportunities for women and African Americans as well as instances of repression of civil liberties and crackdowns on dissent through actions like the Palmer Raids.
The document discusses America's involvement in World War 1 from several angles:
1) It provides lyrics to recruitment songs from the time encouraging young men to join the war effort.
2) It outlines some key statistics about the draft and numbers of Americans who served.
3) It describes several new government organizations and agencies that were formed to mobilize the economy and resources for the war, such as the Fuel Administration.
4) It discusses some of the social impacts of the war at home, including expanded roles for women and opportunities for African Americans, as well as some civil liberties restrictions put in place by the government.
The document discusses the economic impacts of the slave trades that occurred between 1400 and 1900 from Africa to other parts of the world. It states that without the slave trades, 72% of Africa's current income gap with the rest of the world and 99% of the gap with the underdeveloped world would not exist today. The slave trades negatively impacted Africa by depopulating the continent, impeding the formation of broader ethnic groups and political structures, and setting back social and economic progress.
This document contains summaries of several historical documents and events from the 18th century relating to slavery, colonial expansion, Native American populations, and ethnic diversity in North America. Key points discussed include the sale of slaves in Charleston in the 1780s and efforts to prevent smallpox outbreaks, declining Native American populations from 1500-1800, the ethnic diversity of colonial cities like New York, and the Proclamation Line of 1763 established after the French and Indian War.
The document provides an overview of the transatlantic slave trade, including its origins in the 16th century, the role of the Atlantic trading system and demand for labor in the Americas, statistics on the number of enslaved Africans transported, and descriptions of the horrific conditions slaves endured, including the middle passage, whippings, and torture. Key events discussed include the establishment of the slave trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas over three centuries, transporting over 10 million enslaved people against their will to be sold and work in plantations and colonies in the Americas.
What the Kidnapping & Ransom Economy Teaches Us About RansomwareJeremiah Grossman
Ransomware is center stage, as campaigns are practically guaranteed financial gain. Cyber-criminals profit hundreds of millions of dollars by selling our data back to us. If you look closely, the ransomware economic dynamics closely follow the real-world kidnapping and ransom industry. We’ll explore the eerie similarities, where ransomware is headed, and strategies we can bring to the fight.
Dwight Eisenhower served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. Some key events during his presidency included the establishment and widespread use of the GI Bill, which helped millions of WWII veterans afford college or vocational training. The postwar period also saw the rise of suburban living and consumerism as well as the baby boom generation. New technologies like television and highways contributed to dramatic social and economic changes in 1950s America.
The document provides an overview of colonial American society and characteristics. It discusses that colonists viewed themselves as European and the idea of an American identity was still forming. Primary sources like letters from settlers are used to understand colonial beliefs. Colonists were typically individualistic, self-sufficient, optimistic, and religious. The frontier and interaction with Native Americans also helped shape colonial America.
The document provides an overview of colonial American society and characteristics. It discusses that colonists viewed themselves as European and the idea of an American identity was still forming. Primary sources like letters from settlers are used to understand colonial beliefs. Colonists were typically individualistic, self-sufficient, optimistic, and religious people who believed in equality. The frontier and native Americans were defining aspects of colonial life. Colonies developed differently based on the approaches of their founding European powers.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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The document provides an overview of the geography and regions of the United States. It describes the country's large scale and varied landscape and climate. The US is divided into several distinct regions, including New England, the Mid-Atlantic region, the South, the Midwest, the Southwest, the Rocky Mountain region, and Pacific states. Each region has its own history and culture, and the document profiles some of the major cities and landmarks within each one.
The document contains advertisements from the 1780s selling enslaved people in Charleston, South Carolina. The ads note that around 250 people were for sale and that care was taken to prevent smallpox infections, as Charleston recently experienced a smallpox epidemic that killed over 700 people. It was not until 1796 that Edward Jenner demonstrated cowpox vaccination as a way to protect against smallpox.
The document provides an overview of life in the United States in 1900 compared to 1998, highlighting major social, economic, and technological changes over that period. Some key points included are the growth of the US population from 76 million to over 300 million, increases in average wages and declines in things like home ownership and family size. The document also discusses major reforms of the Progressive Era from 1900-1920 aimed at addressing issues like monopolies, corruption, child labor, and working conditions through efforts of muckrakers, reformers, and the federal government.
The document provides an overview of several key aspects of life in the United States during the Roaring Twenties, including the economy, isolationism, fears over communism and anarchism, labor issues, and cultural changes. The period was one of social and cultural transformation alongside economic growth, though various social and political tensions emerged, and underlying economic issues were beginning to arise by the later 1920s.
This document discusses American involvement in World War I, including recruitment efforts, propaganda used to sell the war effort to the public, and expansions of federal power and agencies during the war. It also examines some of the social and political consequences of the war at home, such as increased opportunities for women and African Americans as well as instances of repression of civil liberties and crackdowns on dissent through actions like the Palmer Raids.
The document discusses America's involvement in World War 1 from several angles:
1) It provides lyrics to recruitment songs from the time encouraging young men to join the war effort.
2) It outlines some key statistics about the draft and numbers of Americans who served.
3) It describes several new government organizations and agencies that were formed to mobilize the economy and resources for the war, such as the Fuel Administration.
4) It discusses some of the social impacts of the war at home, including expanded roles for women and opportunities for African Americans, as well as some civil liberties restrictions put in place by the government.
The document discusses the economic impacts of the slave trades that occurred between 1400 and 1900 from Africa to other parts of the world. It states that without the slave trades, 72% of Africa's current income gap with the rest of the world and 99% of the gap with the underdeveloped world would not exist today. The slave trades negatively impacted Africa by depopulating the continent, impeding the formation of broader ethnic groups and political structures, and setting back social and economic progress.
This document contains summaries of several historical documents and events from the 18th century relating to slavery, colonial expansion, Native American populations, and ethnic diversity in North America. Key points discussed include the sale of slaves in Charleston in the 1780s and efforts to prevent smallpox outbreaks, declining Native American populations from 1500-1800, the ethnic diversity of colonial cities like New York, and the Proclamation Line of 1763 established after the French and Indian War.
The document provides an overview of the transatlantic slave trade, including its origins in the 16th century, the role of the Atlantic trading system and demand for labor in the Americas, statistics on the number of enslaved Africans transported, and descriptions of the horrific conditions slaves endured, including the middle passage, whippings, and torture. Key events discussed include the establishment of the slave trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas over three centuries, transporting over 10 million enslaved people against their will to be sold and work in plantations and colonies in the Americas.
What the Kidnapping & Ransom Economy Teaches Us About RansomwareJeremiah Grossman
Ransomware is center stage, as campaigns are practically guaranteed financial gain. Cyber-criminals profit hundreds of millions of dollars by selling our data back to us. If you look closely, the ransomware economic dynamics closely follow the real-world kidnapping and ransom industry. We’ll explore the eerie similarities, where ransomware is headed, and strategies we can bring to the fight.
Dwight Eisenhower served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. Some key events during his presidency included the establishment and widespread use of the GI Bill, which helped millions of WWII veterans afford college or vocational training. The postwar period also saw the rise of suburban living and consumerism as well as the baby boom generation. New technologies like television and highways contributed to dramatic social and economic changes in 1950s America.
The document provides an overview of colonial American society and characteristics. It discusses that colonists viewed themselves as European and the idea of an American identity was still forming. Primary sources like letters from settlers are used to understand colonial beliefs. Colonists were typically individualistic, self-sufficient, optimistic, and religious. The frontier and interaction with Native Americans also helped shape colonial America.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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The History of NZ 1870-1900.
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
3. TTHHEE UUNNIITTEEDD SSTTAATTEESS IINN 11996644
ONLY 604 VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN
THE UNITED STATES.
THEY WERE MAINLY:
- STUDENTS
- LANGUAGE TEACHERS
- DIPLOMATS
4. THE VIETNAM WAR
(1956 - 1975)
(1956 - 1975)
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
5. THE VIETNAM WAR
(1956 - 1975)
(1956 - 1975)
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
6. THE VIETNAM WAR
(1956 - 1975)
(1956 - 1975)
AGENT ORANGE
- DESTROYED RAIN FORESTS
- DESTROYED CROPS
- HEAVILY DAMAGED FOETUS
CHROMOSOMES
- CAUSED A VARIETY OF
DISEASES
AMERICAN BOMBS
- 8 MILLION DROPPED
1965 - 1973
- MANY DID NOT DETONATE
- STILL A THREAT
7. THE VIETNAM WAR
(1956 - 1975)
(1956 - 1975)
MASSACRES
- PINKVILLE (CODENAME)
WAS THE LARGEST
RECORDED MASSACRE OF
VIETNAMESE CITIZENS
- MANY MORE, SMALLER
SCALE MASSACRES
OCCURRED, BUT WERE NOT
RECORDED
8. “THE FALL OF SAIGON”
THE END OF THE WAR
THE END OF THE WAR
APRIL 30, 1975
- THE NORTH TAKES OVER
THE SOUTH
- INTENDED TO PERSECUTE
ANYONE IN SUPPORT OF
SOUTHERN VIETNAMESE
9. ““TTHHEE FFAALLLL OOFF SSAAIIGGOONN””
“ON THOSE LAST DAYS OF APRIL, [THERE WAS] A
LOT OF GUNFIRE AND BOMBING AROUND THE
CAPITAL. PEOPLE WERE RUNNING ON CHAOTIC
STREETS. WE GOT SCARED… WE WENT TO AN
AMERICAN BUILDING WHERE A LOT OF
AMERICANS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE ASSOCIATES
WERE READY TO BE PICKED UP BY AMERICAN
HELICOPTERS.”
- VIETNAMESE REFUGEE
10. TTHHEE FFIIRRSSTT WWAAVVEE ((11997755))
- MOST ONLY FLED IN FEAR
TO ESCAPE NORTHERN
TROOPS
- MOSTLY MILITARY
PERSONNEL AND THEIR
FAMILIES
- EDUCATED PROFESSIONALS
- 36% OF HOUSEHOLD
HEADS GRADUATED FROM
HIGH SCHOOL
- 16% AT LEAST WENT TO
COLLEGE
- MANY KNEW ENGLISH
11. SSEECCOONNDD WWAAVVEE
NEW COMMUNIST POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, AND
AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
- SEIZED AND
REDISTRIBUTED FARMLAND
- CLOSED ETHNIC-CHINESE
VIETNAMESE BUSINESSES
- FORCED RELOCATION FROM
URBAN TO RURAL AREAS
- “REEDUCATED” AND
TORTURED EVERYONE
INVOLVED WITH SOUTHERN
TROOPS
12. SSEECCOONNDD WWAAVVEE
OTHER PUSH FACTORS
- HIGH POVERTY RATES;
NEED TO FIND BETTER
WORK
- PARENTS WANTED SONS
TO ESCAPE DRAFT
- DISCRIMINATION AND
PERSECUTION
13. SSEECCOONNDD WWAAVVEE
ETHNIC-CHINESE VIETNAMESE
- WERE CHINESE THAT WERE
VIETNAMESE CITIZENS
- 40% OF SECOND WAVE
- FACED HOSTILITY FROM
VIETNAMESE SOCIETY FOR
DECADES
- TARGET OF DISCRIMINATION
BY COMMUNISTS
14. SSEECCOONNDD WWAAVVEE
THOSE WITH EDUCATION
- SMALL NUMBERS
- DOCTORS
- LAWYERS
- PROFESSORS, ETC.
- KNEW ENGLISH
THOSE WITHOUT
- FISHERMEN
- FARMERS
- STOREKEEPERS
- FROM RURAL AREAS, VILLAGES,
AND SMALL COASTAL CITIES
- MOST DIDN’T KNOW ENGLISH
- HIGHLY IMPOVERISHED
- IMMIGRATED WITH FAMILIES
15. TTHHIIRRDD WWAAVVEE ((8800’’SS AANNDD 9900’’SS))
- TRYING TO ESCAPE WAR
BETWEEN VIETNAM AND
CHINA
- MOSTLY CHILDREN AND
TEENAGE BOYS
- PRISONERS OF WAR
17. EESSCCAAPPIINNGG TTHHEE CCOOMMMMUUNNIISSTTSS
- AIRLIFTED BY THE
AMERICANS
- FLED ON MILITARY CARGO
SHIPS
- LESS THAN TEN HOURS’
NOTICE
- MOST DIDN’T KNOW
WHERE TO GO; FOLLOWED
CROWD
18. EESSCCAAPPIINNGG TTHHEE CCOOMMMMUUNNIISSTTSS
“WHAT WAS THE ONE EVENT DURING THE TRIP [EVACUATION] YOU
WILL NEVER FORGET?”
- INTERVIEWER
“IT WAS WHEN ALL OF THESE PEOPLE WERE
TRYING TO GET ON THE PLANE AT THE AIRPORT.
I SAW PEOPLE JAMMING THE DOOR AND WOMEN
AND CHILDREN COULD NOT GET ON. THE
SHELLING CAME CLOSER AND THEN THE PLANE
TOOK OFF WITH PEOPLE STILL HANGING AT THE
DOOR.”
- VIETNAMESE WOMAN EN ROUTE FROM
PHILIPPINES TO US
19. EESSCCAAPPIINNGG TTHHEE CCOOMMMMUUNNIISSTTSS
“OPERATION NEW LIFE”
- REFUGEES TRANSFERRED TO
US BASES
- GUAM
- THAILAND
- WAKE ISLAND
- HAWAII
- PHILIPPINES
- AWAITED PROCESSING
- SENT TO FOUR REFUGEE CENTERS
IN US:
- CAMP PENDLETON (CA)
- FORT CHAFFEE (AK)
-EGLIN AIR FORCE (FL)
- FORT INDIANTOWN GAP (PA)
20. TTHHEE ““BBOOAATT PPEEOOPPLLEE””
- EXTREMELY UNSAFE,
CROWDED FISHING BOATS
- MAIN MODE OF
IMMIGRATION
FROM SECOND WAVE ON
- LARGE STORMS
- STARVATION
- DEHYDRATION
- 2/3 ATTACKED BY PIRATES;
EACH BOAT AVG. 2 TIMES
21. TTHHEE ““BBOOAATT PPEEOOPPLLEE””
"WE ENCOUNTERED PIRATES ON OUR
JOURNEY. THEY LOWERED A DINGHY
FROM THEIR SHIP TO COME TO OUR BOAT,
AND THEY RAPED THE WOMEN AND
YOUNG GIRLS. THEY INTENDED TO SINK
OUR BOAT.
WE HAD TO GIVE THEM ALL OF OUR
MONEY AND JEWELRY. AFTER THE
PIRATES LEFT,
[WE] SAILED FOR A WHILE,
THEN SAW A MALAYSIAN OIL TANKER.
22. TTHHEE ““BBOOAATT PPEEOOPPLLEE””
"IF WE HADN'T SEEN IT,
WE PROBABLY WOULD HAVE DROWNED,
BECAUSE THAT NIGHT THE WIND AND THE
CURRENT WERE VERY STRONG, AND OUR BOAT
WAS SMALL,
LIKE A SMALL FISHING BOAT. THERE WERE 126
PEOPLE ON BOARD, LYING NEXT TO ONE
ANOTHER. MANY CHILDREN BECAME SEASICK.
THEY VOMITED.
THEIR EYES WERE ALL WHITE.
[WE] THOUGHT THEY WERE DEAD."
- LE THI SEN
23. TTHHEE ““BBOOAATT PPEEOOPPLLEE””
- FLEEING TO ASYLUM CAMPS
IN:
- MALAYSIA
- THAILAND
- SINGAPORE
- INDONESIA
- PHILIPPINES
- HONG KONG
- WAITED FOR ACCEPTANCE FROM
FOREIGN NATIONS
- OFTEN WAITED YEARS
- 40-60,000 PICKED UP BY
AMERICAN NAVY SHIPS;
TRANSPORTED TO GUAM AND
PHILIPPINES
25. WWHHYY TTHHEEYY CCAAMMEE
- UNITED STATES
SUPPORTED SOUTH
VIETNAM
- ONLY COUNTRY TO ACCEPT
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS
AT THE TIME
- SAFETY
- FREEDOM
- MORE OPPORTUNITIES
- GREATER ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL STABILITY
26. WWHHYY TTHHEEYY CCAAMMEE
- PEOPLE THOUGHT THEY
COULD RETURN TO
VIETNAM
- 1977 SURVEY:
41% OF HOUSEHOLD
HEADS PLANNED TO
MOVE BACK TO VIETNAM
29. SSEETTTTLLIINNGG IINN TTHHEE SSTTAATTEESS
- MOSTLY SETTLED IN
WARMER STATES
- 40% IN CALIFORNIA
- 7.2% IN TEXAS
MAIN CITIES (IN ORDER OF POPULATION
- LOS ANGELES, CA
- LONG BEACH, CA
- SANTA ANA, CA
- SAN JOSE, CA
- SUNNYVALE, CA
- SANTA CLARA, CA
- HOUSTON, TX
31. TOP METROPOLITAN AREA DESTINATIONS FOR VIETNAMESE IIMMMMIIGGRRAANNTTSS ((22000088--22001122))
32. HHOOUUSSIINNGG
- COMPETED WITH
AMERICANS FOR LOW
INCOME HOUSING
- LIVED IN PROCESSING
CAMPS
- LARGER FAMILIES: ABOUT 5
- SUBURBS, URBAN AREAS
33. HHOOUUSSIINNGG AANNDD EEMMPPLLOOYYMMEENNTT
- DESPITE EDUCATION OF
SOME, HAD TO GET
WHATEVER JOBS AVAILABLE
- JANITORS, LIMOUSINE
DRIVERS, ETC.
- CONTRIBUTED A LOT TO
FISHING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH
- OVER TIME, VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS (SECOND
GENERATION) TOOK THE
LEAD IN EDUCATION
- INCREASE IN AVERAGE
INCOME
- LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
5-6%
34. HHOOUUSSIINNGG AANNDD EEMMPPLLOOYYMMEENNTT
- WIDER VARIETY OF JOBS
- MANAGEMENT
- ART, SCIENCE
- SERVICE
- SALES, OFFICE,
GOVERNMENT
- NATURAL RESOURCES,
CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE
- FOOD: FISHING,
SHRIMPING, FARMING
- PRODUCTION,
TRANSPORTATION, MATERIAL
MOVING
- ~10% SELF-EMPLOYED IN 1990
35. EMPLOYED IMMIGRANT WORKERS IN CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE (AGES 16+) BY OCCUPATION AANNDD OORRIIGGIINN,, 22001122
36. VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN
SAN JOSE
SAN JOSE
- MANY ENTREPRENEURS
- 40% OF RETAIL BUSINESSES
IN DOWNTOWN SAN JOSE
- MANY VIETNAMESE CUISINE
RESTAURANTS
- HAIR SALONS
- GRAND CENTURY MALL
- LEE SANDWICHES
38. JJUUDDGGEEDD BBYY AAMMEERRIICCAANNSS
- DISLIKED BY AMERICAN
CITIZENS BECAUSE OF
COMPETITION AND MEDIA
- MEDIA ONLY FOCUSED ON
AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT
IN WAR; DIDN’T SHOW
VIETNAMESE PERSPECTIVE
- 1975 POLL: ONLY 36% OF
AMERICANS IN FAVOR OF
VIETNAMESE IMMIGRATION.
39. DISCRIMINATION AANNDD SSTTEERREEOOTTYYPPEESS
- DISCRIMINATION IN
WORKPLACES, COURTS,
AND BY POLICE
- TARGETS OF KU KLUX KLAN
- DENIED ACCESS TO
EDUCATION AND VOTING
- CALLED “CHINK”
- "GO BACK TO CHINA”
- BELIEVED TO ALL BE
OVERACHIEVERS IN
SCHOOL
- BELIEVED TO ALL BE
REFUGEES
40. DISCRIMINATION AANNDD SSTTEERREEOOTTYYPPEESS
T.T.NHU COMMENTED IN SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS 1988:
“MANY REFUGEES FIND THAT THEY FACE
ANOTHER TYRANNY IN THIS COUNTRY IN
THE FORM OF INSISTENCE ON POLITICAL
CONFORMITY… IT IS REMINISCENT OF
NIGHTMARISH TIMES ALREADY
EXPERIENCED IN THIS COUNTRY DURING
THE MCCARTHY ERA.”
42. INDOCHINA MIGRATION
AND REFUGEE ACT OF
1975
1975
1975
PASSED BY FORD ADMINISTRATION TO SUPPORT
ARRIVAL OF VIETNAMESE IMMIGRANTS
43. REFUGEE ACT OF
1980
1980
PASSED BY CONGRESS TO HELP VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS
- REDUCED RESTRICTIONS ON ENTRY
INTO US
- DEFINED REFUGEE
- CREATED OFFICE OF REFUGEE
RESETTLEMENT
- SET NUMBER OF ANNUAL REFUGEE
ADMISSIONS TO 50,000 (EXCEPT FOR
EMERGENCIES)
- REFUGEE COULD ADJUST STATUS
AFTER ONE YEAR TO BECOME
PERMANENT CITIZEN
- AFTER FOUR YEARS, COULD BECOME
US CITIZEN
44. OOTTHHEERR LLAAWWSS
- GRANTED ENTRY INTO US
TO CHILDREN OF AMERICAN
SERVICEMEN AND FORMER
POLITICAL PRISONERS