This document contains information about drugs and substance abuse presented at a youth conference. It includes facts about various commonly abused drugs like cannabis, kush, tobacco, alcohol, tramadol, benzodiazepines, cocaine and their effects and risks. Signs and symptoms of drug abuse and addiction are outlined. The document also discusses why people use drugs, drug problems, and the impact of drug use on social issues. Brain physiology and the effects of drugs on the central nervous system are explained.
This document discusses different types of drugs, their effects on the body, and drug abuse. It describes stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, depressants like heroin and barbiturates, and hallucinogens like LSD and ecstasy. It outlines the physiological effects of drugs in low, medium, and high doses, ranging from impaired concentration to coma and death. The document also addresses withdrawal symptoms, long-term health effects on organs like the brain, liver, kidneys, and heart, and smoking-related statistics and conditions. Overall, the document provides an overview of common drugs, their impacts, and the dangers of drug abuse.
This document provides information about drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as substances that affect the body and brain, and notes that not all drugs are illegal. It then discusses different types of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, providing examples of each and their effects. The document also addresses why people use drugs, signs of drug use, and what can be done to help someone with a drug problem.
The document is a report on drug addiction submitted by Komal Prasad Pandey. It discusses various topics related to drug addiction including an acknowledgement, certificate, index, aim and objectives, classification of drugs, effects of commonly used drugs like heroin, cannabis and cocaine. It also discusses how drug addiction begins and the short-term and long-term effects of drug use. The report separately discusses smoking, drinking and use of drugs and their social and health impacts. It provides details on tobacco, its sources, modes of use and effects. Similarly, it discusses alcohol, its reasons for drinking, impact on health, and sources and modes of use. The report concludes by always advising people to say no to drugs.
The document discusses various drugs of abuse including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and narcotics. It describes the effects of stimulant drugs like caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and their short-term and long-term health effects. It also discusses physical and psychological dependence and addiction. The submission is by a student named Nitesh for their final year of an M.Sc in Forensic Science.
Withdrawal from Chemical Dependency - M. WilmoreSbartzherrick
This document discusses the health risks and withdrawal symptoms of substance abuse and dependency. It focuses on the effects of withdrawing from alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, drugs, and antidepressants. Withdrawal causes trauma to the central nervous system and affects the brain and entire body. Symptoms vary based on the substance but can include headaches, fatigue, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and flu-like symptoms. The document recommends establishing reasons to quit, committing to a safe withdrawal plan, and supporting the body through supplementation to reduce withdrawal intensity and length. Natural health approaches and lifestyle changes are presented as alternatives to traditional medical treatments, which often have side effects.
Background: The Gateway Drug Theory suggests that licit drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve as a "gateway" toward the use of other, illicit drugs. However, there remains some discrepancy regarding which drug-alcohol, tobacco, or even marijuana-serves as the initial "gateway" drug subsequently leading to the use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which drug (alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana) was the actual "gateway" drug leading to additional substance use among a nationally representative sample of high school seniors.
Methods: This investigation conducted a secondary analysis of the 2008 Monitoring the Future 12th-grade data. Initiation into alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use was analyzed using a Guttman scale. Coefficients of reliability and scalability were calculated to evaluate scale fit. Subsequent cross tabulations and chi-square test for independence were conducted to better understand the relationship between the identified gateway drug and other substances' use.
Results: Results from the Guttman scale indicated that alcohol represented the "gateway" drug, leading to the use of tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit substances. Moreover, students who used alcohol exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of using both licit and illicit drugs.
Conclusion: The findings from this investigation support that alcohol should receive primary attention in school-based substance abuse prevention programming, as the use of other substances could be impacted by delaying or preventing alcohol use. Therefore, it seems prudent for school and public health officials to focus prevention efforts, policies, and monies, on addressing adolescent alcohol use.
Background: The Gateway Drug Theory suggests that licit drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve as a "gateway" toward the use of other, illicit drugs. However, there remains some discrepancy regarding which drug-alcohol, tobacco, or even marijuana-serves as the initial "gateway" drug subsequently leading to the use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which drug (alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana) was the actual "gateway" drug leading to additional substance use among a nationally representative sample of high school seniors.
Methods: This investigation conducted a secondary analysis of the 2008 Monitoring the Future 12th-grade data. Initiation into alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use was analyzed using a Guttman scale. Coefficients of reliability and scalability were calculated to evaluate scale fit. Subsequent cross tabulations and chi-square test for independence were conducted to better understand the relationship between the identified gateway drug and other substances' use.
Results: Results from the Guttman scale indicated that alcohol represented the "gateway" drug, leading to the use of tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit substances. Moreover, students who used alcohol exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of using both licit and illicit drugs.
Conclusion: The findings from this investigation support that alcohol should receive primary attention in school-based substance abuse prevention programming, as the use of other substances could be impacted by delaying or preventing alcohol use. Therefore, it seems prudent for school and public health officials to focus prevention efforts, policies, and monies, on addressing adolescent alcohol use.
Background: Given ever-reducing budgets of community and school substance use prevention programs, there is a call for identifying the first substance in the sequence leading to polydrug use.
Methods: Examining data from a nationally representative sample of 2835 United States 12th graders, we sought to determine (1) the first substance adolescents use; (2) order in which adolescents progress through alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; and (3) impact of age of initial substance use on lifetime and frequency of illicit substance use.
Results: Alcohol is the most commonly used substance, and the majority of polysubstance using respondents consumed alcohol prior to tobacco or marijuana initiation. Respondents initiating alcohol use in sixth grade reported significantly greater lifetime illicit substance use (M = 1.9, standard deviation [SD] = 1.7, p < .001) and more frequent illicit substance use (M = 6.0, SD = 6.5, p < .001) than those initiating alcohol use in ninth grade or later. Overall, effect sizes for these differences were large (eta squared = 0.30 and 0.28, respectively).
Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of screening for substance use, even among youth enrolled in elementary/middle school. In addition, schoo
Nicotine is a highly addictive substance found in tobacco plants. It acts as both a stimulant and sedative, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and the release of adrenaline. While nicotine can improve memory and concentration in the short term, long-term use leads to many negative health effects. Nicotine poisoning can occur from overdose and causes stimulant effects initially, followed by depressant effects like low blood pressure and breathing difficulties. Treatment focuses on medication, behavioral support, and medical care in severe cases. Prevention emphasizes avoiding nicotine products and safely storing them away from children and pets.
This document discusses different types of drugs, their effects on the body, and drug abuse. It describes stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, depressants like heroin and barbiturates, and hallucinogens like LSD and ecstasy. It outlines the physiological effects of drugs in low, medium, and high doses, ranging from impaired concentration to coma and death. The document also addresses withdrawal symptoms, long-term health effects on organs like the brain, liver, kidneys, and heart, and smoking-related statistics and conditions. Overall, the document provides an overview of common drugs, their impacts, and the dangers of drug abuse.
This document provides information about drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as substances that affect the body and brain, and notes that not all drugs are illegal. It then discusses different types of drugs like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, providing examples of each and their effects. The document also addresses why people use drugs, signs of drug use, and what can be done to help someone with a drug problem.
The document is a report on drug addiction submitted by Komal Prasad Pandey. It discusses various topics related to drug addiction including an acknowledgement, certificate, index, aim and objectives, classification of drugs, effects of commonly used drugs like heroin, cannabis and cocaine. It also discusses how drug addiction begins and the short-term and long-term effects of drug use. The report separately discusses smoking, drinking and use of drugs and their social and health impacts. It provides details on tobacco, its sources, modes of use and effects. Similarly, it discusses alcohol, its reasons for drinking, impact on health, and sources and modes of use. The report concludes by always advising people to say no to drugs.
The document discusses various drugs of abuse including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and narcotics. It describes the effects of stimulant drugs like caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and their short-term and long-term health effects. It also discusses physical and psychological dependence and addiction. The submission is by a student named Nitesh for their final year of an M.Sc in Forensic Science.
Withdrawal from Chemical Dependency - M. WilmoreSbartzherrick
This document discusses the health risks and withdrawal symptoms of substance abuse and dependency. It focuses on the effects of withdrawing from alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, drugs, and antidepressants. Withdrawal causes trauma to the central nervous system and affects the brain and entire body. Symptoms vary based on the substance but can include headaches, fatigue, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and flu-like symptoms. The document recommends establishing reasons to quit, committing to a safe withdrawal plan, and supporting the body through supplementation to reduce withdrawal intensity and length. Natural health approaches and lifestyle changes are presented as alternatives to traditional medical treatments, which often have side effects.
Background: The Gateway Drug Theory suggests that licit drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve as a "gateway" toward the use of other, illicit drugs. However, there remains some discrepancy regarding which drug-alcohol, tobacco, or even marijuana-serves as the initial "gateway" drug subsequently leading to the use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which drug (alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana) was the actual "gateway" drug leading to additional substance use among a nationally representative sample of high school seniors.
Methods: This investigation conducted a secondary analysis of the 2008 Monitoring the Future 12th-grade data. Initiation into alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use was analyzed using a Guttman scale. Coefficients of reliability and scalability were calculated to evaluate scale fit. Subsequent cross tabulations and chi-square test for independence were conducted to better understand the relationship between the identified gateway drug and other substances' use.
Results: Results from the Guttman scale indicated that alcohol represented the "gateway" drug, leading to the use of tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit substances. Moreover, students who used alcohol exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of using both licit and illicit drugs.
Conclusion: The findings from this investigation support that alcohol should receive primary attention in school-based substance abuse prevention programming, as the use of other substances could be impacted by delaying or preventing alcohol use. Therefore, it seems prudent for school and public health officials to focus prevention efforts, policies, and monies, on addressing adolescent alcohol use.
Background: The Gateway Drug Theory suggests that licit drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol, serve as a "gateway" toward the use of other, illicit drugs. However, there remains some discrepancy regarding which drug-alcohol, tobacco, or even marijuana-serves as the initial "gateway" drug subsequently leading to the use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which drug (alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana) was the actual "gateway" drug leading to additional substance use among a nationally representative sample of high school seniors.
Methods: This investigation conducted a secondary analysis of the 2008 Monitoring the Future 12th-grade data. Initiation into alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use was analyzed using a Guttman scale. Coefficients of reliability and scalability were calculated to evaluate scale fit. Subsequent cross tabulations and chi-square test for independence were conducted to better understand the relationship between the identified gateway drug and other substances' use.
Results: Results from the Guttman scale indicated that alcohol represented the "gateway" drug, leading to the use of tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit substances. Moreover, students who used alcohol exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of using both licit and illicit drugs.
Conclusion: The findings from this investigation support that alcohol should receive primary attention in school-based substance abuse prevention programming, as the use of other substances could be impacted by delaying or preventing alcohol use. Therefore, it seems prudent for school and public health officials to focus prevention efforts, policies, and monies, on addressing adolescent alcohol use.
Background: Given ever-reducing budgets of community and school substance use prevention programs, there is a call for identifying the first substance in the sequence leading to polydrug use.
Methods: Examining data from a nationally representative sample of 2835 United States 12th graders, we sought to determine (1) the first substance adolescents use; (2) order in which adolescents progress through alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; and (3) impact of age of initial substance use on lifetime and frequency of illicit substance use.
Results: Alcohol is the most commonly used substance, and the majority of polysubstance using respondents consumed alcohol prior to tobacco or marijuana initiation. Respondents initiating alcohol use in sixth grade reported significantly greater lifetime illicit substance use (M = 1.9, standard deviation [SD] = 1.7, p < .001) and more frequent illicit substance use (M = 6.0, SD = 6.5, p < .001) than those initiating alcohol use in ninth grade or later. Overall, effect sizes for these differences were large (eta squared = 0.30 and 0.28, respectively).
Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of screening for substance use, even among youth enrolled in elementary/middle school. In addition, schoo
Nicotine is a highly addictive substance found in tobacco plants. It acts as both a stimulant and sedative, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and the release of adrenaline. While nicotine can improve memory and concentration in the short term, long-term use leads to many negative health effects. Nicotine poisoning can occur from overdose and causes stimulant effects initially, followed by depressant effects like low blood pressure and breathing difficulties. Treatment focuses on medication, behavioral support, and medical care in severe cases. Prevention emphasizes avoiding nicotine products and safely storing them away from children and pets.
This document is Rahul Meena's biology project on drug addiction. It includes an index, abstract, classifications of drugs, descriptions of harmful drugs like heroin, cannabis, and cocaine. It discusses how drug addiction begins, short-term and long-term effects of drugs, and the impacts of smoking, drinking alcohol, tobacco, and nicotine. It provides details on the health impacts of alcohol consumption. The project was completed to fulfill class 12 biology requirements under the guidance of Mr. Sunil Yadav.
The document discusses the impact of smoking and drug addiction. It defines addiction and different types of drugs, including medical drugs, recreational drugs, and performance enhancing drugs. It describes the health effects of various drugs like smoking, alcohol, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Some drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain while others block dopamine receptors. Smoking reduces life expectancy and contains thousands of harmful chemicals. The document also examines how drug addiction can impact individuals and communities as well as how to quit smoking through willpower and gradual reduction of cigarettes.
The document discusses nicotine and tobacco use. It defines nicotine as a toxic and addictive alkaloid found in tobacco. It then describes different routes of nicotine administration including smoking, oral consumption, and nasal inhalation. The effects of nicotine on the body and brain are explained, including increased heart rate and the release of dopamine and endorphins which produce pleasurable feelings. Statistics on tobacco addiction and the health risks of smoking are also presented.
This document summarizes the effects of various drugs on the body and behavior. It discusses how drugs affect neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins. Specific drugs covered include cocaine, ecstasy, marijuana, heroin, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine. Short-term and long-term effects are described for each drug. The document also discusses how drug addiction develops in the brain and provides tips to prevent drug use.
This document appears to be a biology project on drug addiction by Foram A. Desai of B.S. Patel Primary School. It includes an acknowledgements section, table of contents, and sections on the aims of the project, introduction to drug addiction, classification of drugs, how addiction begins, effects of drug and alcohol combinations, case studies of addiction, treatment recommendations, stages of addiction, and conclusions. The project provides information on different drugs, their effects, how addiction develops and is treated. It examines issues like drug abuse and the need for prevention through education and policy changes.
This document discusses mental illness and substance abuse. It begins by defining a drug and categorizing drugs as licit or illicit. It then provides examples of commonly abused psychoactive substances in Zambia like alcohol, cannabis, heroin, cocaine, and solvents. The document outlines various physical, social, and psychological problems associated with substance abuse like liver disease, homelessness, anxiety, and dependence. It describes signs and symptoms of withdrawal and intoxication for various classes of drugs like barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, heroin, and cocaine. Finally, it discusses the role of public health workers in preventing drug abuse through health promotion, targeting at-risk groups, and advocating for policy changes.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as chemicals that affect the mind and body, and can lead to physical or psychological dependence. It then lists common reasons why teens try drugs, such as peer pressure or lack of other activities. The document describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and discusses specific drugs like alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, prescription drugs. It outlines the short-term and long-term effects of each drug type on the body and brain. The document emphasizes that drug use can seriously harm health and lead to addiction, overdose, death, or legal and social consequences.
Pranav khawale presented on drugs and smoking. He defined drugs and drug abuse, and classified common drugs into narcotics, depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. He described the effects of popular drugs in each category like heroin, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and nicotine. He discussed the health risks of smoking like various cancers and diseases. He emphasized preventing drug use through family and friend support, passions, goals, awareness and education.
People use drugs for several reasons, including peer pressure, thrill-seeking, and to self-medicate emotional needs. Addiction is now recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages as tolerance increases and brain changes persist for years after drug use. While drugs can have medical benefits when properly used, drug abuse has significant health and social costs, including increased crime and family problems. Education and treatment aim to prevent misuse and support recovery from addiction.
This document provides information about drug abuse and addiction. It begins by defining drug abuse and addiction, noting that addiction is a chronic brain disease involving compulsive drug use. It then describes different types of drugs that are commonly abused, including gateway drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and inhalants. The document discusses how genetic and environmental factors can lead to addiction. It lists physical, behavioral, and psychological warning signs of drug abuse. It also outlines how drugs affect the brain and describes some consequences of drug use, such as health, social, financial, legal, and occupational impacts. The document concludes by covering treatments for drug addiction like detox, medication, and various forms of therapy
The document discusses medical and recreational drugs. It begins by explaining that medical drugs are used to treat diseases and relieve symptoms, and are obtained via prescription or over-the-counter. Recreational drugs are used for leisure purposes and cause changes in mood, behavior or perception. The document then discusses drug development and testing processes, different types of recreational drugs like stimulants and depressants, and specific drugs like tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, and antibiotics. It stresses the importance of controlling drugs and finishing antibiotic courses to prevent resistance.
This document discusses tobacco-related disorders and smoking cessation. It begins with a vignette of a patient with schizophrenia who smokes and has made multiple unsuccessful attempts to quit. It then outlines the epidemiology of tobacco use, the pathophysiological effects of nicotine, clinical features of tobacco dependence, and diagnosis and treatment of tobacco use disorder. The document emphasizes the high rates of tobacco use among psychiatric patients and the need for psychiatrists to address smoking cessation.
The document discusses drug abuse, including definitions of drug abuse and dependence. It covers common drugs of abuse like marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and alcohol. It describes signs and symptoms of drug abuse, how addiction occurs over time, routes of drug administration, and categories of drugs like stimulants, depressants, and opioids. The document also discusses the progression of drug abuse, physical and mental dependence, effects on individuals and societies, prevention and control of drug abuse through education, treatment, public policy and law enforcement.
daily drug addiction is increasing at a higher rate.. and simply we all need to stop this if we want ourselves to live longer and healthier and also if we want any other relative of our who is addicted towards this..we need to stop this...and we need to create awareness against taking drugs...drugs in medicines are ok because they are used in it in a proper amount but drugs directly...HELL! IT CAN SNATCH YOUR LIFE JUST AWAY FROM YOUR BODY !
"Quitting Smoking: Your Journey to a Healthier Life"
Embarking on the journey to quit smoking is not just a decision; it's a transformational commitment to reclaiming your health and vitality. In this insightful publication, we delve into the multifaceted process of quitting smoking, offering comprehensive guidance and support every step of the way.
From understanding the psychological and physical dependencies to implementing effective cessation strategies, each page is a roadmap to success. Discover practical tips for managing cravings, navigating withdrawal symptoms, and cultivating a mindset of resilience. Through personal stories, expert insights, and evidence-based techniques, this publication empowers you to break free from the grip of tobacco addiction and embrace a smoke-free future.
Join the millions who have embarked on this life-changing journey and experience the profound benefits of quitting smoking. Your health, happiness, and longevity await.
This document discusses drug addiction, including its causes, stages, effects, and strategies for overcoming it. Drug addiction is characterized as a chronic disease that affects the brain differently in each person. It progresses through stages as the user's life becomes increasingly centered around drug use. Addiction can cause a wide range of health problems, injuries, behavioral issues, and birth defects. Overcoming addiction requires deciding to change one's life and environment, building a sober social network, avoiding triggers, and developing a meaningful drug-free life.
This document discusses 7 deadly health habits for young people: smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, accidents/suicide/homicide, caffeine, technology, and sexual immorality. It provides information on the negative health impacts of each habit, including increased risk of cancer, traffic accidents, depression, and sexually transmitted diseases. The document encourages young people to remember God and avoid these habits for a healthy and prosperous life.
1. The document discusses drugs addiction and provides classifications of commonly abused drugs such as sedatives, opiates, stimulants, and hallucinogens. It notes drugs can be addictive when used repeatedly or in large doses.
2. Tobacco and alcohol are discussed in more depth. Tobacco contains the addictive substance nicotine and smoking tobacco can lead to health issues. Alcohol causes intoxication and some people become dependent on it, experiencing withdrawal without it.
3. The document examines how drug and alcohol addiction begins, often due to curiosity, peer pressure, mental health issues, or a desire to alter one's state of mind. It notes the social and health impacts of substance abuse.
This document appears to be a biology investigatory project on drug addiction completed by a student. It includes sections on the objective, classification of drugs, how addiction begins, effects of specific drugs like tobacco and alcohol, and conclusions. The project received guidance from the student's biology teacher and utilized several references in its completion.
This document provides information on different types and aspects of depression. It begins with introducing depression and outlining its diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-V. It then discusses the epidemiology of depression, including prevalence rates. Next, it covers various correlates, risk factors, and causes of depression including genetic, biological, and psychosocial factors. The document also describes different types of depression and discusses depression in special populations such as children/adolescents, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with medical conditions like stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Finally, it outlines treatment approaches for depression including psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and pharmacotherapy.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
More Related Content
Similar to VIDAL'S SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ANGER MANAGEMENT.pptx
This document is Rahul Meena's biology project on drug addiction. It includes an index, abstract, classifications of drugs, descriptions of harmful drugs like heroin, cannabis, and cocaine. It discusses how drug addiction begins, short-term and long-term effects of drugs, and the impacts of smoking, drinking alcohol, tobacco, and nicotine. It provides details on the health impacts of alcohol consumption. The project was completed to fulfill class 12 biology requirements under the guidance of Mr. Sunil Yadav.
The document discusses the impact of smoking and drug addiction. It defines addiction and different types of drugs, including medical drugs, recreational drugs, and performance enhancing drugs. It describes the health effects of various drugs like smoking, alcohol, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Some drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain while others block dopamine receptors. Smoking reduces life expectancy and contains thousands of harmful chemicals. The document also examines how drug addiction can impact individuals and communities as well as how to quit smoking through willpower and gradual reduction of cigarettes.
The document discusses nicotine and tobacco use. It defines nicotine as a toxic and addictive alkaloid found in tobacco. It then describes different routes of nicotine administration including smoking, oral consumption, and nasal inhalation. The effects of nicotine on the body and brain are explained, including increased heart rate and the release of dopamine and endorphins which produce pleasurable feelings. Statistics on tobacco addiction and the health risks of smoking are also presented.
This document summarizes the effects of various drugs on the body and behavior. It discusses how drugs affect neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins. Specific drugs covered include cocaine, ecstasy, marijuana, heroin, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine. Short-term and long-term effects are described for each drug. The document also discusses how drug addiction develops in the brain and provides tips to prevent drug use.
This document appears to be a biology project on drug addiction by Foram A. Desai of B.S. Patel Primary School. It includes an acknowledgements section, table of contents, and sections on the aims of the project, introduction to drug addiction, classification of drugs, how addiction begins, effects of drug and alcohol combinations, case studies of addiction, treatment recommendations, stages of addiction, and conclusions. The project provides information on different drugs, their effects, how addiction develops and is treated. It examines issues like drug abuse and the need for prevention through education and policy changes.
This document discusses mental illness and substance abuse. It begins by defining a drug and categorizing drugs as licit or illicit. It then provides examples of commonly abused psychoactive substances in Zambia like alcohol, cannabis, heroin, cocaine, and solvents. The document outlines various physical, social, and psychological problems associated with substance abuse like liver disease, homelessness, anxiety, and dependence. It describes signs and symptoms of withdrawal and intoxication for various classes of drugs like barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, heroin, and cocaine. Finally, it discusses the role of public health workers in preventing drug abuse through health promotion, targeting at-risk groups, and advocating for policy changes.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as chemicals that affect the mind and body, and can lead to physical or psychological dependence. It then lists common reasons why teens try drugs, such as peer pressure or lack of other activities. The document describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and discusses specific drugs like alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, prescription drugs. It outlines the short-term and long-term effects of each drug type on the body and brain. The document emphasizes that drug use can seriously harm health and lead to addiction, overdose, death, or legal and social consequences.
Pranav khawale presented on drugs and smoking. He defined drugs and drug abuse, and classified common drugs into narcotics, depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. He described the effects of popular drugs in each category like heroin, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and nicotine. He discussed the health risks of smoking like various cancers and diseases. He emphasized preventing drug use through family and friend support, passions, goals, awareness and education.
People use drugs for several reasons, including peer pressure, thrill-seeking, and to self-medicate emotional needs. Addiction is now recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages as tolerance increases and brain changes persist for years after drug use. While drugs can have medical benefits when properly used, drug abuse has significant health and social costs, including increased crime and family problems. Education and treatment aim to prevent misuse and support recovery from addiction.
This document provides information about drug abuse and addiction. It begins by defining drug abuse and addiction, noting that addiction is a chronic brain disease involving compulsive drug use. It then describes different types of drugs that are commonly abused, including gateway drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and inhalants. The document discusses how genetic and environmental factors can lead to addiction. It lists physical, behavioral, and psychological warning signs of drug abuse. It also outlines how drugs affect the brain and describes some consequences of drug use, such as health, social, financial, legal, and occupational impacts. The document concludes by covering treatments for drug addiction like detox, medication, and various forms of therapy
The document discusses medical and recreational drugs. It begins by explaining that medical drugs are used to treat diseases and relieve symptoms, and are obtained via prescription or over-the-counter. Recreational drugs are used for leisure purposes and cause changes in mood, behavior or perception. The document then discusses drug development and testing processes, different types of recreational drugs like stimulants and depressants, and specific drugs like tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, and antibiotics. It stresses the importance of controlling drugs and finishing antibiotic courses to prevent resistance.
This document discusses tobacco-related disorders and smoking cessation. It begins with a vignette of a patient with schizophrenia who smokes and has made multiple unsuccessful attempts to quit. It then outlines the epidemiology of tobacco use, the pathophysiological effects of nicotine, clinical features of tobacco dependence, and diagnosis and treatment of tobacco use disorder. The document emphasizes the high rates of tobacco use among psychiatric patients and the need for psychiatrists to address smoking cessation.
The document discusses drug abuse, including definitions of drug abuse and dependence. It covers common drugs of abuse like marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and alcohol. It describes signs and symptoms of drug abuse, how addiction occurs over time, routes of drug administration, and categories of drugs like stimulants, depressants, and opioids. The document also discusses the progression of drug abuse, physical and mental dependence, effects on individuals and societies, prevention and control of drug abuse through education, treatment, public policy and law enforcement.
daily drug addiction is increasing at a higher rate.. and simply we all need to stop this if we want ourselves to live longer and healthier and also if we want any other relative of our who is addicted towards this..we need to stop this...and we need to create awareness against taking drugs...drugs in medicines are ok because they are used in it in a proper amount but drugs directly...HELL! IT CAN SNATCH YOUR LIFE JUST AWAY FROM YOUR BODY !
"Quitting Smoking: Your Journey to a Healthier Life"
Embarking on the journey to quit smoking is not just a decision; it's a transformational commitment to reclaiming your health and vitality. In this insightful publication, we delve into the multifaceted process of quitting smoking, offering comprehensive guidance and support every step of the way.
From understanding the psychological and physical dependencies to implementing effective cessation strategies, each page is a roadmap to success. Discover practical tips for managing cravings, navigating withdrawal symptoms, and cultivating a mindset of resilience. Through personal stories, expert insights, and evidence-based techniques, this publication empowers you to break free from the grip of tobacco addiction and embrace a smoke-free future.
Join the millions who have embarked on this life-changing journey and experience the profound benefits of quitting smoking. Your health, happiness, and longevity await.
This document discusses drug addiction, including its causes, stages, effects, and strategies for overcoming it. Drug addiction is characterized as a chronic disease that affects the brain differently in each person. It progresses through stages as the user's life becomes increasingly centered around drug use. Addiction can cause a wide range of health problems, injuries, behavioral issues, and birth defects. Overcoming addiction requires deciding to change one's life and environment, building a sober social network, avoiding triggers, and developing a meaningful drug-free life.
This document discusses 7 deadly health habits for young people: smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, accidents/suicide/homicide, caffeine, technology, and sexual immorality. It provides information on the negative health impacts of each habit, including increased risk of cancer, traffic accidents, depression, and sexually transmitted diseases. The document encourages young people to remember God and avoid these habits for a healthy and prosperous life.
1. The document discusses drugs addiction and provides classifications of commonly abused drugs such as sedatives, opiates, stimulants, and hallucinogens. It notes drugs can be addictive when used repeatedly or in large doses.
2. Tobacco and alcohol are discussed in more depth. Tobacco contains the addictive substance nicotine and smoking tobacco can lead to health issues. Alcohol causes intoxication and some people become dependent on it, experiencing withdrawal without it.
3. The document examines how drug and alcohol addiction begins, often due to curiosity, peer pressure, mental health issues, or a desire to alter one's state of mind. It notes the social and health impacts of substance abuse.
This document appears to be a biology investigatory project on drug addiction completed by a student. It includes sections on the objective, classification of drugs, how addiction begins, effects of specific drugs like tobacco and alcohol, and conclusions. The project received guidance from the student's biology teacher and utilized several references in its completion.
This document provides information on different types and aspects of depression. It begins with introducing depression and outlining its diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-V. It then discusses the epidemiology of depression, including prevalence rates. Next, it covers various correlates, risk factors, and causes of depression including genetic, biological, and psychosocial factors. The document also describes different types of depression and discusses depression in special populations such as children/adolescents, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with medical conditions like stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Finally, it outlines treatment approaches for depression including psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and pharmacotherapy.
Similar to VIDAL'S SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ANGER MANAGEMENT.pptx (20)
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
1. BY
2LT DR BRO VIDAL HENRY DESMOND DUPIGNY
TOPIC: YOUTH & DRUG ABUSE/MISUSE, ANGER &
DEPRESSION MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL ARMOR BEARERS YOUNG PEOPLE’S UNION (NABYPU)
COOLJC - SL
ANNUAL NATIONAL YOUTH CONGRESS 2023
THEME: “YOUTH AFLAME”
1
5. Total Number Male Female Substance Disorder
JULY 2134 1533 601 860
AUGUST 2230 1612 618 911
SEPTEMBER 2355 1703 652 974
OCTOBER 2488 1786 702 1038
NOVEMBER 2219 1479 740 1103
DECEMBER 2998 1886 1112 1223
JANUARY 3499 2197 1302 1343
FEBRUARY 4593 2890 1703 1674
MARCH 5083 3180 1903 1834
APRIL 5556 3453 2103 1888
MAY 6023 3751 2271 1998
JUNE 6586 4100 2483 2117
Total 45764 29570 16190 16963
5
6. TOTAL NUMBER MALE FEMALE
JUL 66 52 14
AUG 70 54 16
SEP 69 55 14
OCT 69 51 18
NOV 80 60 20
DEC 87 63 24
JAN 89 67 22
FEB 61 49 12
MARCH 68 53 15
APRIL 76 60 16
MAY 73 62 11
JUNE 60 50 11
TOTAL 868 676 193
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
INPATIENT
Total Number Male Female
7. Addiction.
a chronic relapsing brain disease characterised by compulsive
psychoactive drug seeking and use despite harmful
consequences
Criteria are: Urges & cravings, compulsion to use, loss control,
tolerance, withdrawal, neglect and failed responsibilities.
Psychoactive substances affect CNS and changes user mood,
thoughts, behaviour and perception
Psychoactive drug use alters the normal brain structure and
functions to affect mental state
Psychoactive substance use disorders (SUDs) is a problematic
pattern of drug use leading to clinically significant impairment
in the person
Increase morbidity and mortality but unmet need for drug
prevention, treatment & care
Route effects:
Snorting & Inhaling (5 sec)
Smoking (7 sec)
IV (15 sec)
IM ( 3 mins)
Swallowing (20 mins)
The more risk factors, the more
the vulnerability to Substance
Use Disorders.
7
8. GROUP EXERCISE
GROUP 1:
Match each of the following substances with its
route of administration on a paper.
Present and display
a. Alcohol
b. Marijuana
c. Kush
d. Diaper tea (pampass)
e. Tramadol
f. Cocaine
g. Cigarette
h. Diazepam (Daizee)
Note: One substance may have more than one
ROA
GROUP 2: Indicate on a paper the
order in which the following
substances reach the brain
(fastest to slowest)
Present and display
Alcohol
Kush
Heroin
8
9. Why do people use drugs?
• Curiosity
• Euphoric high feeling
• Enhance performance
• Experiment
• Belonging ( peer pressure)
• Celebrate
• Relax
• Feel better ( pain relief)
• Escape coping to stress and boredom
• Satisfy urges and cravings
9
10. Drug problems
• Lost productivity
• Infections such as HIV, Hep. gangrene,
septicaemia
• Overdose deaths
• Mental illness
• Violence
• Impaired control
• Reduced functioning
• Risky behaviour
• Tolerance
• Withdrawal
10
11. Signs and Symptoms
• Anxiety
• Blackouts, dizziness
• Depression
• Disorientation
• Mood swings
• Falls, bruises, burns
• Family problems
• Financial problems
• Headaches
• Incontinence
• Increased tolerance
• Legal difficulties
• Memory loss
• New problems in
decision making
• Poor hygiene
• Seizures, idiopathic
• Sleep problems
• Social isolation
• Unusual response to
medications
11
12. CNS : The Brain
Brain has billions of nerve cells (sending & receiving neurons)
used for communication within the brain.
Neurotransmitters are the messengers and each operates with its
receptors as lock & key.
Brain parts mostly affected in the communication are: brain stem,
cerebral cortex & Limbic system.
Brain is protected by the blood- brain barrier (tightly- pressed
cells).
Only small fat-soluble molecules such as psychoactive drugs
enter the brain but not large water-soluble molecules.
12
13. Brain Physiology
• Psychoactive substances pass the
blood-brain barrier, affect brain
functioning, and alter biochemical
processes of tissues and organs
• Neurotransmitters cause brain
communication through key & lock
process
• The sending neuron releases a
neurotransmitter from its axon
terminal across a space between
neurons called a synapse.
• A neurotransmitter attaches to a
specialized site on the receiving
neuron called a receptor.
• Messages only pass through
receptors of the correct
neurotransmitters.
• After binding to its specific receptor
on the receiving neuron, the
neurotransmitter is taken back into
the sending neuron, a process
called REUPTAKE, or degraded by
another chemical within the
synapse.
• Reuptake and degradation lead
to termination of the action of the
neurotransmitter.
• Psychoactive drugs do not have
re-uptake and therefore remain
within the synapses to bounce
causing effect reaction and affect
the Limbic system for reward and
pleasure
13
14. Drug use and social problems
• Low educational attainment because of impaired concentration and memory
• Increase difficulty to maintain employment because of time spent out of work to seek drug and use
due to craving
• Financial instability because of huge amount of money spent on drugs to satisfy urges and cravings
• Poverty because of loss of control to drug use and failure of responsibility to meet essential life
demands.
• The impact of harmful drug use can extend beyond individuals to affect the health and well-being of
others, including their families, neighbourhoods and the community at large.
• Urbanisation expands the drug market-rise in drug use.
14
15. Cannabis: Marijuana; Weed; Ganja; Puff;
Blow, Jamba, Tie.
• Cannabis is a natural substance derived from Cannabis Sativa Plant
• There is Cannabis Indica and Rudelis plant.
• Different forms of the plant can be used as drugs.
• It may be Resin or ‘Grass’ or as sticky oil
• It can be rolled on its own ( spliff); with tobacco (joint) and smoked.
• It can be smoked on its own in a pipe or cooked and eaten as sauce, brewed into
drink.
• Different strengths based on the varied chemicals such as THC, CBN, CBD, CBG.
15
16. Cannabis
Effects
• Relaxed
• Talkative
• Blood-shot eyes
• Heighten the senses of colours, taste and sound
• Lethargy, tiredness and reduced energy
• Drowsy or sleepy
• Dizziness
• Increased hunger
• Craving for other food or drugs
• Giggle fits or fatuous laughter.
• Nausea or Vomiting
• Loss of motivation.
• Anxiety in withdrawal
• Difficulty sleeping in withdrawal
Risk
• Psychosis
• Mood swings
• Amnesia
• Poor concentration
• Impaired coordination
• Paranoia
• Anxiety
• Respiratory disorders
• Lowers sperm production
• Changes in ovulation cycle
• Decreased blood pressure
• Impaired coordination
• Impaired judgment 16
17. Kush: K2, Spice
Stain of cannabis Indica
Sprayed with dangerous
substances to enhance effect
Has a long-lasting effect.
Stronger effect than cannabis
17
18. KUSH
Effects
• Increase appetite
• Euphoria ( heighten feelings)
• Paranoia
• Drowsiness
• Drooling
• Suspiciousness
• Irritation and aggression
• Visual Hallucination
• Agitation
• Restlessness
• Impaired coordination
• Impaired concentration
• Vomiting at first use
• Slurred speech
• Disorientation of places and persons
• Depersonalisation.
• Reduced energy or fatigue
Risks
• Increase hear rate
• Increase blood
pressure
• Thought disorder
• Mental Illness
• Increase urges and
cravings
• Insomnia in
withdrawal
• Seizure in
withdrawal
• Low mood in
withdrawal
18
19. Tobacco
Dried leaves of tobacco plant
Contains highly addictive ingredients of over 20 poisons such as Arsenic, Lead,
Formaldehyde, Turpetine, benzopyrene, Acetone, Propylene Glycol, Cadmium, Ammonia,
Butane, Benzene, Nicotine etc.
• Over 4,000 chemicals found in the tobacco products including smokeless.
• Smokeless tobacco such as snuff, chewing tobacco
Nicotine triggers release and increase dopamine levels causing addiction.
•
Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to discharge adrenaline causing increase blood
pressure and heart rate
•
A pack and half of cigarettes gets about 300 hits of nicotine to the brain.
There are 1 to 2 milligram of nicotine per cigarette
•
Tobacco use kills more than any other drugs because of the numerous physical health
problems
19
20. Tobacco
Effects
• Increased concentration
• Reduced worry or boredom
• Dizziness
• Bad breath
• Stained fingers and teeth
• Coughs
• Chest infection.
• Irritability (Nicotine withdrawal)
• sleep disturbance (Nicotine withdrawal)
• Increase appetite (Nicotine withdrawal)
• Anxiety (Nicotine withdrawal)
• Low mood (Nicotine withdrawal)
• Attention deficit (Nicotine withdrawal)
Risk
• Increase blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Lung and throat Cancer.
• Emphysema and bronchitis
• Reduce Oxygen supply in the brain
and blood
• Increase risk of stroke and heart
disease
• Increase cholesterol levels
• Early wrinkling and ageing
• Risk of osteoporosis
• Worsen asthma
• Impair eye sight
• Damage blood vessels
• Neurodegenerative diseases
20
21. Alcohol: bevvy, booze, drink, jar,
• Form of beer, stout, lager, cider, wine,
fortified wine, spirit, shots, alcopop
•
Sedative drug: acts on the brain parts
that control judgment and perception and
slows them down.
•
Effects depends on the strength of the
drink, gender, age, physical built; how fast
consumed
• Effects also depend on when last food
was eaten and person’s mood
.
• Moderate drinking is 3-4 units ( Men) and 2-3 Unit
(women) a day
• 1 unit of alcohol is removed from the body in an hour
A unit is the Vol. of alcohol divide by 1,000 multiply by
its percentage.
• For eg 15mg of alcohol =1 unit
• It is advisable to eat before drinking and alternating
alcohol drinks with water or soda;.
•
Withdrawal symptoms:
• Irritability
• low mood
• insomnia
• visual hallucination
• fits
• tremors but treatable with disulfiram and naltrexone
21
22. ALCOHOL
Effects
• Sociable to relax
• Escape from problem
• Slur speech
• Clumsy
• Double vision
• Impaired coordination
• Heighten emotions
• Hangover
Risks
• Depressed mood
• Loss of consciousness
• Overdose
• Suffocation through choking on own
vomit
• Alcoholic poisoning
• Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Anxiety
• Sexual difficulties
• Slow breathing
• Brain damage
• Heart disease
• Stomach Ulcers
• Unprotected sex
• Aggression
22
23. Tramadol:
Analgesic prescribed drug for chronic and muscle pain relief.
Ingested
Similar effect to codeine.
It stays in the body system for 72 hours
start dose is 25mg but titrated to 50-100mg a day. However, abused.
Effects
• Sedation
• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Paranoia
• Itching
• Increased sweating
• headaches
• Running Nose
• Tremor
• Nervousness ( withdrawal)
• Insomnia ( withdrawal)
• Hallucination ( withdrawal)
• Panic attack ( withdrawal)
Risk
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Breathing difficulty
• Headaches
23
24. Trifluoperazine: Stelazine, blue boat
Round blue film-coated tablet
ingested
Effective for the treatment of short-tern non-psychotic anxiety
Not to be administered at does of more than 6mg per day but abused.
Effect
• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Dry mouth,
• Rash
• Insomnia
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Muscular weakness.
Risk
• Tardive
dyskinesia
• Jaundice
• Liver damage
• Anemia
• Thrombocytos
is
24
25. Benzodiazepines
Minor tranquilisers such as temazepam, Valium,
Librium, Ativan, Blue - Blue.
Prescribed sedatives for anxiety and treat
insomnia in the short-term.
Swallow Pills and capsules but temazepam
capsule which is gel is injected by drug user.
Depress mental activity and alertness
Ease ‘come down’ from stimulants
Effects last 3-6 hours
25
26. Benzodiazepines
Effects
• Calmness
• Aid to relax
• Mild euphoria
• Relives tension
• Drowsiness (high dose)
• Insomnia ( withdrawal)
• Tremor ( withdrawal)
• Irritability (withdrawal)
• Nausea withdrawal)
• Vomiting (withdrawal)
• Loss of appetite (withdrawal)
• Convulsions (withdrawal)
Risk
• Psychological dependence
• Tolerance
• Overdose with high doses
• Death when used with alcohol
• Choke on vomit
• Abscesses ( when injected)
• Collapsed veins ( when injected)
• HIV and Hepatitis ( when
injected)
26
27. Cocaine:
Coke, charlie, snow, blast, blow, white dust
Powerful stimulant but effects last for 30 min
White powder made from coca plant
chopped and crushed leaved mixed with petrol and treated
with sulphuric acid
Kerosine used to extract the crude cocaine and chemically
treated to get cocaine salt.
Chemicals used to convert the cocaine salt to Freebase
cocaine
Powder usually chopped up with a credit card or razor
blade and snorted using straw or rub on gum
Sometimes dissolved to be injected but quick come down
Cocaine is cut with other chemicals to enhance effect.
Mixed with Heroine ( speedball)
27
28. Cocaine:
Effects
• Euphoria
• Excitement
• Increase confidence
• Talkative and arrogant
• Sweating
• Increase alertness
• Sexually aroused
• Lack or reduce hunger
• Agitation with repeated use
• Restlessness
• Confusion
• Paranoia
• Fits ( convulsions)
• Breathing difficulties
• Low mood ( withdrawal)
• Fatigue ( withdrawal)
Risk
• Damage to the nervous system
• Damage to the nose through snorting
• Nose bleeds
• Diarrhoea
• Heat disease
• Heart problem
• Increase body temperature
• Increase blood pressure
• Breathing difficulties
• Constrict the blood vessels
• Coma and Death through overdose
• Cocaine and alcohol causes sudden
death
• Cocaine induced psychosis
• Vein damage through injecting.
28
29. Crack:
Rock, wash, stone.
Small raisin-sized crystals that are smoked in pipes.
Treated with chemicals for it to be smoke easily
Intense feeling than cocaine.
Highly addictive and its use difficult to control but euphoric
high last for only 10 mins
Crack and heroin can be mixed and smoked known as
speed ball to reduce craving.
Crack induces increase levels of adrenaline, serotonin and
dopamine
29
30. Crack:
Effects
• Confidence
• Alertness,
• Talkativeness
• Restless
• Anxious
• Confused
• Shaking and hand tremors
• Nausea
• paranoid
• Difficulty sleeping
• Decrease appetite
• Depressed (withdrawal)
Risk
• Heart problem
• Convulsions
• Lung problem
• Chest pains
• Overdose cause death.
• Sudden increase in blood
pressure
• High temperature
• Seizure and fits
• Stroke
• Heart attack
• HIV, Hep B and Hep C
30
31. Heroin: smack, brown, horse, gear, H, skag, jack
• .
Analgesic made from morphine and codeine
that relieves emotional and physical pain
• Semi-synthetic drug which is a product of
opium poppy.
• Fluffy white powder when pure but usually
brownish-white, pinkish cream
• Swallowed, snorted, smoked or injected to
maximise euphoric high
• Highly addictive and euphoric high of 3 mins
• It could be heated in a silver foil and the
smoke inhale known as chasing the dragon
• Dissolved with water and citric acid and
solution heated in a spoon for injecting
• Used as ‘come down’ from the high of crack.
31
32. Heroin: smack, brown, horse, gear, H, skag, jack
Effects
• Feeling of warmth and well-being
• Drowsy
• Sleepy
• Itchy (first use)
• Nausea ( first Use)
• Vomiting (first use)
• Dizziness (first use).
• Severe constipation
• Decreased hunger
• Depressed breathing
• Yawning
• Stomach cramp
• Dilated pupils
• Aching limbs
• Running nose
• Piloerection ( goose flesh)
• Lacrimation
Risk
• Habituation
• Damage veins through injecting ( collapse vein)
• Ulceration
• Blood poisoning through injecting
• Infection such as HIV, Hep C ( shared needles)
• Coma ( overdose)
• Death ( overdose)
• Tolerance
• Physical dependence (sick when stopped)
• Psychologically addictive( strong desire to use)
• Withdrawals ( flu-aches, sweating, chills,
insomnia shaking)
• Thrombosis and Abscesses,
• Endocarditis
• Septicaemia
• Gangrene
32
33. Solvents: gases, petrol, glues, aerosols, urine, ammonium, paint, thinners, correcting
fluids
• Vapour substances that are sniffed to
get euphoric high but instant and
short-lived feeling
• Solvent vapours are absorbed through
lungs and rapidly reach the brain.
• Vapour depresses bodily function
• Deep inhaling causes disorientation,
loss of control and unconsciousness.
• Addictive and psychological
dependence
• Effects similar to alcohol or
anaesthetics of being in a dream.
33
35. MANAGEMENT
• How are cases of SUD handled in
your locality?
• Let’s discuss!!
35
36. Management
• Medication to detox and
stabilise mental state
• Motivational Counselling
• Recreational activities
• Vocational and Social Skills
training
• Relapse prevention
• Family and other practical
support.
36
37. Management
What services do we have in
Sierra Leone for the management
of Substance use disorders?
Let’s brainstorm.
37
38. Management
Services in Sierra Leone
• SL Psychiatric Teaching Hospital
• City of Rest
• Private Counselling services
• Church
• Traditional Healers
38