The document discusses drug abuse, including definitions of drug abuse and dependence. It covers common drugs of abuse like marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and alcohol. It describes signs and symptoms of drug abuse, how addiction occurs over time, routes of drug administration, and categories of drugs like stimulants, depressants, and opioids. The document also discusses the progression of drug abuse, physical and mental dependence, effects on individuals and societies, prevention and control of drug abuse through education, treatment, public policy and law enforcement.

2. What is drug abuse ?
 Physical & mental dependence,
 Cause of drug abuse,
 Route of administration,
 Sign & symptoms of drug abuse,
 How drug addiction occur,
 Categories of drug abuse,
Various types of abused drug , their
side effect & mechanism of action,
 Prevention & control of drug abuse.

3. -
GLOBAL SCENARIO
United Nations General Assembly
Special Session on the World Drug Problem
New York, 8-10 June 1998
 The United Nations met between June 8 to
10, 1998 in a special session to develop a
worldwide drug control strategy. The slogan of
the UN Drug Control Program was: "A Drug
Free World - We Can Do It," and established
as its objective the eradication of all illicit
opium and coca production worldwide in 10
years.

4. What is drug?
A drug is any substance that, when
absorbed into the body of a living organism,
alters normal bodily function. Drugs are
chemicals that change the way a person’s
body works by altering emotions and
thoughts.
Drugs have been part of our culture
since the middle of last century.

6.  Continued use of drugs can lead to drug
dependence, a state of physical & mental
dependence.
Commonly abused drugs :
Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroine, Alcohol.
(Sometimes sedatives, coffee and cigarettes can all be used
to harmful excess.)
 Drug abuse may be defined as the habitual use of
drugs not needed for therapeutic purposes, solely
to alter one's mood, affect of state of
consciousness, or to affect a body function
unnecessarily.

7. -
Physical warning :. Behavioral warning :
-Bloodshot eyes,
-Pupils larger or smaller than usual,
-Changes in appetite or sleep
patterns,
-Sudden weight loss or weight gain,
-Deterioration of physical
appearance,
-Unusual smells on breath,
-Impaired coordination.
• -Poor work,
• -Decline in performance,
• -Financial Problems,
• -Secretive behaviors,
• -Sudden change in friends and
• associates,
• -Accident or trouble prone,
• -Lack of motivation and withdrawn,
• -Unexplained anxiety.
Sign & Symptoms of drug abuse

8. Effects of drug abuse:
Drug abuse leads to:
 Loss of coordination
 Poor judgment
 Slowed reflexes
 Distorted vision
 Memory loss
Age based statistics
Almost 5.8% of the adult population
Nearly 25% of youth population

9. -
The Progression of Drug Abuse
tobacco
inhalants
Rx drugs
alcohol
party drugs

10. -
Drugs
Drug Abuse
Drug Dependence
Physical
dependence
Mental
dependence

11. Physical & Mental Dependence
In physical
dependence , the
body has been altered
in ways that create
cravings for the drug
& manifests
withdrawal
symptoms.
In mental
dependence
individual believes
that optimal state of
well being is achieved
only through action of
drug .

13. Route of Administration
Oral
Injection
Snorting
Smoking

14. -
STIMULANTS
Cocaine Nicotine
Amphetamine

15. -
STIMULANTS
Stimulants are drugs that
> stimulate the brain and the central nervous system
> increase the state of mental alertness
> decrease appetite
A) Amphetamines
B) Cocaine
C) Nicotine
D)Crack

17. -
Cocaine
( Erythroxylon coca , local anesthetic & CNS stimulant )
Street name : Crack, Snow , Star dust, Charlie, Nose candy .
Sign & symptoms of cocaine abuse :
Increase agitation .
Disinhibition
Change in concentration & focus .
Common cold like symptoms .
Increase movement .

19. -
HOW IS NICOTINE ADDICTIVE :
• Over time, nicotine affects the neurotransmitter in the brain
changing the way certain brain cells work.
• When one stops using nicotine the changes remains for a while
until the brain can revert back to normal state.
• These change are what cause the withdrawal symptoms
• characteristics of addiction.

21. -
Depressant
Depressant is a substance that
reduces the normal body activity,
functionDepressant is a substance
that reduces the normal body
activity, function or an instinctive
desire such as appetite for food. It
is also known as “downers”.
Classification of depressants:
Alcohol
Cannabis
Opior an instinctive desire such
as appetite for food. It is also
known as “downers”.

22. -
WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND
SOCIETY?
Y
outh is at
risk
Crime rate
increases
Disease burden
increases Addiction,
HIV, HCV and TB
T
o counter crime
and health related
issues taxes are
increased
The black money is
used in terrorism
which in turn is used
to harm the nation

23. -
HOW ADDICTION DEVELOP
• People find solace and comfort in drugs
• It takes 21 for addiction to develop
Getting and using the
drug becomes more
important
The ability to stop is
compromised

24. -
Understanding drug addiction
• complex disorder characterized by
compulsive drug use

25. -
EFFECTS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
• They can destroy relationships with family, friends and
people close to you.
• Have the ability to deplete mental and Physical health.
• Overdose can be fatal, leading to death in some instances
and you can die
• Instant death from misusing drugs that you can be bought over
the counter. This includes things like glues, paint cleaner, petrol
and other solvents...

26. -
REASONS WHY PEOPLE START USING DRU
To escape problems they may be having in other
parts of their life
Peer pressure and fitting in with another group
of people
Being curious about the effects of drugs...

27. -
Ways To Say No To Drugs
If you are ever confronted by someone who
wants you to use drugs, try these ways to say
no. Practice them with a friend or parent so
you will feel comfortable.
1. Saying "No Thanks"
2. Giving a Reason of Excuse
3. Repeated Refusal, or Keep Saying No
4. Walking away
5.Changing the Subject
6. Avoiding the Situation
7. Cold Shoulder
8. Strength in Numbers

28. -
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE
Requires knowledge of :
→ Causes of drug-taking behavior,
→ Sources of illicit drugs,
→ Drug laws,
→ Treatment programs,
→ Community organizing skills.
Persistence and cooperation of various individuals
and agencies.

29. -
Elements of Prevention
 Education,
 Treatment,
 Public policy,
 Law enforcement.
 Education and treatment goals same:
Reduce demand for drugs
 Public policy and law enforcement goals same:
Reduce supply and availability of drugs.