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Victorian Age
The Victorian
Era
• The dates of the Victorian Era (1836-1901)
coincide with Queen Victoria’s ascension to
the throne and her death.
Power and
Empire
• Richest nation (first industrialized nation)
• Most powerful nation
– unchallenged military supremacy
– empire covers ¼ of earth’s surface
• 18 major territories added including
India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand,
most of East Africa and the Caribbean
Power and
Empire
• Colonial domination rationalized by pseudo-
science purporting to demonstrate inferiority
of dark-skinned people by a felt sense of racial
and cultural superiority of the white race.
• “The relation of a civilized to an uncivilized
race, over which it rules, is exactly that of a
parent to child, or generally adults to infants.”
--Alfred Russel Wallace, evolutionary theorist
Society, Values, and
Culture
• Rise of secularism and religious skepticism;
– the divinity of Jesus Christ
– the literal truth of the Bible
– man’s creation
– the existence of God
• Caused by evidence of the fossil record and the theories
of evolution and natural selection in Charles Darwin’s On
the Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man
(1871)
• Scientist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term
“agnostic” in 1869: a person who neither believes nor
disbelieves in the existence of God, holding instead that
it is simply impossible for humans to possess the
knowledge of such matters
Society, Values, and
Culture
• Domesticity: the home and family is the center of
British religious, cultural, and emotional life
– Industrialization transforms the household from a
“work space” into its opposite—reinforces prescribed
gender roles
– Man becomes the breadwinner who deals in the
public sphere of the workplace
– Woman becomes the care-taker and spiritual guide for
family in the private sphere of the home
– Middle class lifestyle becomes the ideal to which all
aspired (working-class women still worked, however)
Technology and
Progress
• Steam engine: adapted for use in the production
of coal, textiles, heavy metals, and printing
presses
• Steam locomotives: railway mania creates
tourism and railway literacy
• Leisure time: public amusements such as
exhibitions, circuses, sports, gardens, theatres,
music halls, museums, and shopping
• Visual culture: photography, cinema, innovations
in print technology (books and art)
Literature
• Realism: In realist fiction, the purpose of art is to
present an objective representation of real life
which reflects the daily habits, desires, and
aspirations of the reader
• Centered on the everyday experiences, moral
progress, and inner struggles of the ordinary
person, while showing the connection of this
ordinary person’s experiences to the broader
world
• Detailed descriptions of landscapes, cities,
domestic interiors
Literature
• Novels: dominant literary form; “social problem”
novel, “domestic” novel
• Poetry: influenced by Romantic period;
– dramatic monologue: a lyric poem in the voice of a
speaker who is not the poet
• Drama: frivolous, romantic, witty; mocked
contemporary values (satirical)
• Non-fiction: essays, criticism, history, biography,
newspapers, and magazines
– “The Age of Periodicals”
– “The Age of Reading”
•ENd
•End

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Victorian Age.pptx

  • 2. The Victorian Era • The dates of the Victorian Era (1836-1901) coincide with Queen Victoria’s ascension to the throne and her death.
  • 3. Power and Empire • Richest nation (first industrialized nation) • Most powerful nation – unchallenged military supremacy – empire covers ¼ of earth’s surface • 18 major territories added including India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, most of East Africa and the Caribbean
  • 4. Power and Empire • Colonial domination rationalized by pseudo- science purporting to demonstrate inferiority of dark-skinned people by a felt sense of racial and cultural superiority of the white race. • “The relation of a civilized to an uncivilized race, over which it rules, is exactly that of a parent to child, or generally adults to infants.” --Alfred Russel Wallace, evolutionary theorist
  • 5. Society, Values, and Culture • Rise of secularism and religious skepticism; – the divinity of Jesus Christ – the literal truth of the Bible – man’s creation – the existence of God • Caused by evidence of the fossil record and the theories of evolution and natural selection in Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871) • Scientist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term “agnostic” in 1869: a person who neither believes nor disbelieves in the existence of God, holding instead that it is simply impossible for humans to possess the knowledge of such matters
  • 6. Society, Values, and Culture • Domesticity: the home and family is the center of British religious, cultural, and emotional life – Industrialization transforms the household from a “work space” into its opposite—reinforces prescribed gender roles – Man becomes the breadwinner who deals in the public sphere of the workplace – Woman becomes the care-taker and spiritual guide for family in the private sphere of the home – Middle class lifestyle becomes the ideal to which all aspired (working-class women still worked, however)
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Technology and Progress • Steam engine: adapted for use in the production of coal, textiles, heavy metals, and printing presses • Steam locomotives: railway mania creates tourism and railway literacy • Leisure time: public amusements such as exhibitions, circuses, sports, gardens, theatres, music halls, museums, and shopping • Visual culture: photography, cinema, innovations in print technology (books and art)
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Literature • Realism: In realist fiction, the purpose of art is to present an objective representation of real life which reflects the daily habits, desires, and aspirations of the reader • Centered on the everyday experiences, moral progress, and inner struggles of the ordinary person, while showing the connection of this ordinary person’s experiences to the broader world • Detailed descriptions of landscapes, cities, domestic interiors
  • 19. Literature • Novels: dominant literary form; “social problem” novel, “domestic” novel • Poetry: influenced by Romantic period; – dramatic monologue: a lyric poem in the voice of a speaker who is not the poet • Drama: frivolous, romantic, witty; mocked contemporary values (satirical) • Non-fiction: essays, criticism, history, biography, newspapers, and magazines – “The Age of Periodicals” – “The Age of Reading”
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
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