This document summarizes different types of vertigo and nystagmus. It describes 7 causes of vertigo: 1) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, 2) Meniere's disease, 3) Vestibular Neuronitis, 4) Perilymph Fistula, 5) Vestibulotoxic drugs, 6) Labyrinthitis, and 7) Acoustic Neuroma. It also defines nystagmus as involuntary eye movements and classifies the degree of nystagmus into three levels based on the components of eye movement involved.

1. Vertigo
1) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)>Posterior Semicircular
canal>canalolith>Treatmemt exercise (Epley’s manoveuvre)
2) Meniere’s disease>Vertigo plus SNHL with Tinnitus>Endolymphatic Hydrps>Vestbular
Sedative.
3) Vestibular Neuronitis>only Vertigo>Self limiting >vestibular sedative.
4) Perilymph Fistula>Perilyymph leaks into middle ear through oval or round window.>
Stapedectomy,Raised ICP by Vigorous cough, valsalva manoeuvre,weight lifting(meniere’s
disease)
5) Vestibulotoxic drug >damage the hair cells of inner ear>predominantly affect vestibular
Labyrinth(antihypertensive/ Labyrinthine sedative/oestrogen
preparations/diuretic/Metronidazole.
6) Labyrinthitis (all hearing &balance)
7) Acoustic Neuroma>tinnitus/ imbalabce/hearing loss.
Nystigmus : Involuntary ,rhythmical, oscillatory movement of eye ball. Central &peripheral
(Latency/ Duration/ Direction/Fatiquable/with Vertigo)
Degree of Nystagmus
1st degree>Nystagmus with fast component
2nd degree>Nystagmus with fixed component
3rd degree >Nystagmus with slow component.