The document discusses various amphibian species that use vernal pools for breeding in Ohio, including frogs, toads, and salamanders. It provides details on their breeding behaviors, egg-laying strategies, habitat preferences, and conservation status. Some key points are that wood frogs and spotted salamanders are obligate vernal pool breeders, while American toads and spring peepers are facultative breeders. It also compares egg masses and larval development across different amphibian species that use vernal pools.
This document provides information about butterfly gardening in Nebraska. It discusses the life cycle of butterflies, which includes four stages: egg, larva/caterpillar, pupa/chrysalis, and adult. Depending on the species, a butterfly's life cycle may take one month to a year to complete. The document lists some commonly attracted butterflies in Nebraska and describes their appearance. It also provides a table of perennial and annual plants that attract butterflies through nectar and by serving as host plants for caterpillars. The table includes the botanical and common names of plants, varieties, bloom colors, heights, bloom times, and whether they provide nectar or are larval host plants
Domesticated birds have a long history originating from various regions around the world. Quail were first domesticated for their meat and egg production and originate from North America. Ducks were domesticated from mallards for their meat, eggs, and down. Turkeys were first domesticated in Mexico and the southwest United States by indigenous peoples and were later introduced to Europe. Pigeons have been domesticated for over 5000 years for their eggs and as carrier pigeons. Peafowl originate from India and Sri Lanka and are kept for their beauty and eggs. Pheasants originate from China and East Asia but have been introduced worldwide. Waterfowl, geese, and swans are raised for their meat and eggs.
This document provides information about the life cycle, behaviors, and adaptations of cicadas. It notes that cicadas can spend 13-17 years underground as nymphs feeding on tree roots before emerging as adults for 2-4 weeks above ground. Their adaptations include camouflage to evade predators, acoustic signals from males to attract mates, and mass emergences to satiate predators. Their role in ecosystems is also discussed.
The document provides information on various mammals, birds, and other animals found on the island, including the Brahman cow, long-tailed macaque, smooth-coated otter, wild boar, oriental magpie robin, grey heron, baya weaver, pink-necked green pigeon, spotted wood owl, Asian drongo cuckoo, giant mudskipper, Rodong snail, horseshoe crab, brittle star, maritime gecko, and changeable garden lizard. For each species, it lists their origin, conservation status, habitat, key identifying characteristics and behaviors.
The document describes several different animals found in North and South America including:
- The Southern Toad, a small toad ranging from 1-5 inches found in the southern US.
- Ground Skinks, small skinny lizards found in Georgia and South Carolina, known for breaking their tails.
- Water Moccasins, venomous snakes up to 48 inches long found throughout the southeast known for their cottonmouths.
The document describes several different animals found in North and South America including:
- The Southern Toad, a small toad ranging from 1-5 inches found in the southern US.
- Ground Skinks, small skinny lizards found in Georgia and South Carolina, known for breaking their tails.
- Water Moccasins, venomous snakes up to 48 inches found throughout the southeast known for their cottonmouths.
Detour: The Story of a Hummingbird Gone Astraycbeshke
A Rufous Hummingbird took a detour on her migration from the Pacific Northwest to Mexico and ended up in an Atlanta backyard in the middle of winter. She found shelter and food from a hummingbird feeder. A researcher later trapped and banded the hummingbird to record data about her unusual location. After staying the winter, the hummingbird migrated back north in the spring following her natural instincts.
This document provides information about butterfly gardening in Nebraska. It discusses the life cycle of butterflies, which includes four stages: egg, larva/caterpillar, pupa/chrysalis, and adult. Depending on the species, a butterfly's life cycle may take one month to a year to complete. The document lists some commonly attracted butterflies in Nebraska and describes their appearance. It also provides a table of perennial and annual plants that attract butterflies through nectar and by serving as host plants for caterpillars. The table includes the botanical and common names of plants, varieties, bloom colors, heights, bloom times, and whether they provide nectar or are larval host plants
Domesticated birds have a long history originating from various regions around the world. Quail were first domesticated for their meat and egg production and originate from North America. Ducks were domesticated from mallards for their meat, eggs, and down. Turkeys were first domesticated in Mexico and the southwest United States by indigenous peoples and were later introduced to Europe. Pigeons have been domesticated for over 5000 years for their eggs and as carrier pigeons. Peafowl originate from India and Sri Lanka and are kept for their beauty and eggs. Pheasants originate from China and East Asia but have been introduced worldwide. Waterfowl, geese, and swans are raised for their meat and eggs.
This document provides information about the life cycle, behaviors, and adaptations of cicadas. It notes that cicadas can spend 13-17 years underground as nymphs feeding on tree roots before emerging as adults for 2-4 weeks above ground. Their adaptations include camouflage to evade predators, acoustic signals from males to attract mates, and mass emergences to satiate predators. Their role in ecosystems is also discussed.
The document provides information on various mammals, birds, and other animals found on the island, including the Brahman cow, long-tailed macaque, smooth-coated otter, wild boar, oriental magpie robin, grey heron, baya weaver, pink-necked green pigeon, spotted wood owl, Asian drongo cuckoo, giant mudskipper, Rodong snail, horseshoe crab, brittle star, maritime gecko, and changeable garden lizard. For each species, it lists their origin, conservation status, habitat, key identifying characteristics and behaviors.
The document describes several different animals found in North and South America including:
- The Southern Toad, a small toad ranging from 1-5 inches found in the southern US.
- Ground Skinks, small skinny lizards found in Georgia and South Carolina, known for breaking their tails.
- Water Moccasins, venomous snakes up to 48 inches long found throughout the southeast known for their cottonmouths.
The document describes several different animals found in North and South America including:
- The Southern Toad, a small toad ranging from 1-5 inches found in the southern US.
- Ground Skinks, small skinny lizards found in Georgia and South Carolina, known for breaking their tails.
- Water Moccasins, venomous snakes up to 48 inches found throughout the southeast known for their cottonmouths.
Detour: The Story of a Hummingbird Gone Astraycbeshke
A Rufous Hummingbird took a detour on her migration from the Pacific Northwest to Mexico and ended up in an Atlanta backyard in the middle of winter. She found shelter and food from a hummingbird feeder. A researcher later trapped and banded the hummingbird to record data about her unusual location. After staying the winter, the hummingbird migrated back north in the spring following her natural instincts.
This document provides an overview of frogs, including their classification in the kingdom Animalia and phylum Chordata. It describes frogs' characteristic smooth skin and webbed feet adapted for swimming. Frogs live near freshwater globally and have a four stage life cycle of egg, tadpole, metamorphosis, and adult. They eat insects and small animals and have behaviors like camouflage, poison, and calling to attract mates or warn of danger. The document outlines different frog types and their benefits to humans as insect controllers.
The document provides information about hummingbirds, including that there are over 300 species found in the Americas. It discusses hummingbird traits like their fast heartbeat and flight speed. It also provides tips for attracting hummingbirds with feeders, such as using a 1:4 sugar-water ratio and changing the nectar regularly. The document emphasizes clean feeders to avoid bacteria or mold that could harm hummingbirds.
Differential Behavioral Development in the Falconiformes to Fill Ecological N...Kristina Parker
The document summarizes the hunting behaviors of four North American falcon species - the Peregrine Falcon, American Kestrel, Merlin, and Prairie Falcon. It describes how each species has developed unique hunting strategies, such as high-speed diving for Peregrine Falcons, hovering for American Kestrels, rapid flight below treetops for Merlins, and high-speed chases from cliffs for Prairie Falcons. These differential behaviors allow the species to occupy different ecological niches and avoid direct competition for prey.
This document provides information about various behaviors and characteristics of ants, honey bees, dragonflies, monarch butterflies, and grasshoppers. It discusses how ants communicate using pheromones and sound, how they defend territories and nests, and how honey bees communicate through dance. It also describes monarch butterfly migration, dragonfly flight speeds and motion camouflage techniques, and grasshopper defense through camouflage, mimicry, and stridulation.
This document provides information about hummingbirds in 3 sentences or less:
Hummingbirds are among the smallest birds, ranging from 7.5-13cm, with the bee hummingbird being the smallest at 5cm. They are the only birds that can fly backwards and have wings that beat incredibly fast at up to 25 beats per second. Hummingbirds live primarily in Central and South America, feeding on nectar from flowers and small insects, and have specialized physical traits related to their metabolism, wing structure, and ability to hover and fly at high speeds.
This document provides information on snakehead fish of the family Channidae. It describes their physical features, life history, reproductive strategies, environmental tolerances, distribution, impacts as an invasive species, and recommendations for listing them as aquatic invasive species in Arizona. Snakeheads are found naturally in parts of Asia but have been introduced elsewhere, including parts of the United States, through the live food and aquarium trades. As voracious predators, they pose threats to native wildlife and fisheries if established. The document recommends listing all snakehead species as invasive in Arizona to help prevent and respond to potential introductions.
The document provides information about amphibians during the Devonian period and details on frogs, toads, newts and salamanders. During the Devonian period, lobe-finned fish developed lungs and legs, evolving into the earliest amphibians. Modern amphibians like frogs and salamanders live part of their life in water and part on land. They breathe through their thin, moist skin and undergo metamorphosis from tadpoles to adults. The document then describes various families of salamanders and newts in more detail.
There are approximately two dozen species of snakehead fish native to China. Snakeheads are able to breathe air using a primitive lung above their gills, unlike most other fish. The largest snakehead species is the giant snakehead, found in several Southeast Asian countries, which can grow up to 3 feet long and prey on many other fish as an apex predator.
Male deer grow antlers annually that are shed each year. Antlers are used for establishing dominance and attracting mates. Deer have a lifespan of 11-12 years in the wild but most die younger from predators, cars or hunting. Their diet consists of plants, fruits, mushrooms and they communicate through sounds and scent marking. Female deer reproduce annually during the rut in late October/early November.
The document provides information about frogs found in Wisconsin, including 12 native species. It describes physical characteristics, habitats, breeding periods, and calls for several common frog species such as the Western Chorus Frog, Wood Frog, Northern Spring Peeper, American Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, Pickerel Frog, Eastern Gray Treefrog, and Cope's Gray Treefrog. The document also discusses amphibian biology, monitoring programs, and the importance of frogs as indicator species.
Nuptial flight is an important part of reproduction for many ant, termite, and bee species where virgin queens mate with males. During nuptial flight, queens scatter to ensure mating with males from other colonies to avoid inbreeding, then land to remove their wings and found new colonies. Males are produced to mate with queens, and after mating the males die while the queens store the sperm and use it to fertilize eggs over their lifetimes of up to 20 years.
This document provides information about toads, including their distinguishing characteristics, classification, life cycle, and importance. It notes that toads have bumpy, dry skin without teeth or bulging eyes, while frogs have moist, smooth skin with teeth and protruding eyes. Toads lay eggs in long chains while frogs lay eggs in clusters. The document describes toad classification within the animal kingdom and provides details about a toad's internal and external morphology. It then outlines the stages of a toad's life cycle from mating and egg-laying to tadpoles and toadlets. The document concludes by discussing why toads are important as predators, for pest control, medicine, education, and research.
This document summarizes information about the Cirrhinus mrigala fish species, including:
- Hatchlings remain near the surface while fry and fingerlings move deeper, and adults dwell on the bottom. Their diet includes detritus, vegetation, phytoplankton and zooplankton.
- In culture, they typically reach 600-700g in the first year, though they are slower growing than other carps. They can survive up to 12 years in natural waters.
- Mrigal are widely cultivated in Southeast Asia as a component of polyculture pond systems, constituting 20-30% of stock in three-species culture and 15-20% in six-species culture
Hummingbirds are small birds that can beat their wings extremely fast, up to 70 beats per second. They range in size from the Bee Hummingbird at just 2.5 inches long to the Giant Hummingbird which can reach 8 inches. Hummingbirds have a high metabolism and must feed very frequently, eating nearly constantly to support their high energy lifestyle and fast wing beats. They are found throughout the Americas and some species migrate long distances each year while others are year-round residents of certain habitats.
The document provides information about the life cycle of mosquitoes, which includes four stages:
1. Eggs are laid by female mosquitoes and hatch within 48-72 hours into larvae.
2. Larvae, or "wrigglers", live in water and breathe through a siphon tube. They molt four times over 5-6 days.
3. Pupae, or "tumblers", live at the water surface for 1-4 days until an adult mosquito emerges from the casing.
4. Only female mosquitoes bite to obtain blood meals needed to develop eggs, while males feed on plant juices. Various species have different biting behaviors and flight ranges.
This document provides information on common freshwater fish species found in Kerala, India. It begins with an introduction to fish taxonomy and the importance of fish as a food source in South Asia. The document then describes several important fish species found in Kerala's rivers and lakes, including the Peninsular Hill Trout, Hiffin Carp, Nash's Barb, Malabar Silurus, Boal, and various species of glassfish. It provides details on the physical characteristics, habitats, threats, and conservation status of each species. The document also includes background information on Kerala's geography, rivers and lakes, and key contributors to the study of Kerala's freshwater fish diversity.
Flamingos breed and live near ponds and lakes. They have a diet consisting of small fish and mollusks. Flamingos face many predators like lions and lay only one egg at a time, while their eggs were eaten by ancient Romans. Their knees are actually their ankles.
Decorah Envirothon - General aquatic insectsJohn Kraus
This document provides information about various aquatic insect species found in Iowa's Driftless Area streams and rivers. It describes the lifecycles and habitats of mayfly, caddisfly, stonefly, dragonfly and damselfly nymphs. Specific insects covered include Blue-winged Olives, March Browns, Miniature Eastern Sulfurs, Little Black Sedges, Grannoms, and Green Rock Worms. Photos show the insects at different life stages and provide tips on imitating their appearances with fly patterns. The document emphasizes the importance of aquatic insects as a food source for trout.
The peacock, or Indian blue peafowl, is a medium-sized bird native to South Asia. Males have extravagant multi-colored trains of iridescent feathers that can span over 1 meter. During mating season, males perform visual displays to attract females, who select mates based on train size and health. Peafowl are omnivorous, eating insects, plants, and small animals. They live solitary or in small groups and communicate through loud calls. Though long-lived in captivity, peafowl face threats in the wild from habitat loss and predation by large cats and wild dogs.
The Pacific Baza is a medium-sized hawk found in tropical and subtropical forests in northern and eastern Australia. It has a prominent crest and paddle-shaped wings. Its preferred prey includes large insects like stick insects, mantids, and frogs. It hunts through forest canopies and makes short dives to catch prey in foliage or mid-air. From September to March it breeds, making aerial displays before building nests and laying 2-3 eggs, which both parents incubate for about 33 days.
The document is a notice and proxy statement for Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company's 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The meeting will be held on May 7, 2003 at 10:00 AM at the Goodyear Theater in Akron, Ohio. Shareholders will vote on electing four directors, amending the Code of Regulations, ratifying the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as independent accountants, and considering a shareholder proposal. The proxy statement provides details on these voting items and includes information on the board of directors and executive compensation.
This document discusses disease management and financial alignment in the Netherlands' healthcare system. It provides background on the rise of chronic diseases and the need for coordinated care models. The Netherlands is moving towards a new "functional pricing" model for outpatient chronic care, representing the next step in disease management. The document outlines the Dutch healthcare system and trends towards vertically integrated care networks. It also discusses the history of disease management approaches in the Netherlands from early transmural care programs to the current emphasis on patient-centered chronic condition management.
This document provides an overview of frogs, including their classification in the kingdom Animalia and phylum Chordata. It describes frogs' characteristic smooth skin and webbed feet adapted for swimming. Frogs live near freshwater globally and have a four stage life cycle of egg, tadpole, metamorphosis, and adult. They eat insects and small animals and have behaviors like camouflage, poison, and calling to attract mates or warn of danger. The document outlines different frog types and their benefits to humans as insect controllers.
The document provides information about hummingbirds, including that there are over 300 species found in the Americas. It discusses hummingbird traits like their fast heartbeat and flight speed. It also provides tips for attracting hummingbirds with feeders, such as using a 1:4 sugar-water ratio and changing the nectar regularly. The document emphasizes clean feeders to avoid bacteria or mold that could harm hummingbirds.
Differential Behavioral Development in the Falconiformes to Fill Ecological N...Kristina Parker
The document summarizes the hunting behaviors of four North American falcon species - the Peregrine Falcon, American Kestrel, Merlin, and Prairie Falcon. It describes how each species has developed unique hunting strategies, such as high-speed diving for Peregrine Falcons, hovering for American Kestrels, rapid flight below treetops for Merlins, and high-speed chases from cliffs for Prairie Falcons. These differential behaviors allow the species to occupy different ecological niches and avoid direct competition for prey.
This document provides information about various behaviors and characteristics of ants, honey bees, dragonflies, monarch butterflies, and grasshoppers. It discusses how ants communicate using pheromones and sound, how they defend territories and nests, and how honey bees communicate through dance. It also describes monarch butterfly migration, dragonfly flight speeds and motion camouflage techniques, and grasshopper defense through camouflage, mimicry, and stridulation.
This document provides information about hummingbirds in 3 sentences or less:
Hummingbirds are among the smallest birds, ranging from 7.5-13cm, with the bee hummingbird being the smallest at 5cm. They are the only birds that can fly backwards and have wings that beat incredibly fast at up to 25 beats per second. Hummingbirds live primarily in Central and South America, feeding on nectar from flowers and small insects, and have specialized physical traits related to their metabolism, wing structure, and ability to hover and fly at high speeds.
This document provides information on snakehead fish of the family Channidae. It describes their physical features, life history, reproductive strategies, environmental tolerances, distribution, impacts as an invasive species, and recommendations for listing them as aquatic invasive species in Arizona. Snakeheads are found naturally in parts of Asia but have been introduced elsewhere, including parts of the United States, through the live food and aquarium trades. As voracious predators, they pose threats to native wildlife and fisheries if established. The document recommends listing all snakehead species as invasive in Arizona to help prevent and respond to potential introductions.
The document provides information about amphibians during the Devonian period and details on frogs, toads, newts and salamanders. During the Devonian period, lobe-finned fish developed lungs and legs, evolving into the earliest amphibians. Modern amphibians like frogs and salamanders live part of their life in water and part on land. They breathe through their thin, moist skin and undergo metamorphosis from tadpoles to adults. The document then describes various families of salamanders and newts in more detail.
There are approximately two dozen species of snakehead fish native to China. Snakeheads are able to breathe air using a primitive lung above their gills, unlike most other fish. The largest snakehead species is the giant snakehead, found in several Southeast Asian countries, which can grow up to 3 feet long and prey on many other fish as an apex predator.
Male deer grow antlers annually that are shed each year. Antlers are used for establishing dominance and attracting mates. Deer have a lifespan of 11-12 years in the wild but most die younger from predators, cars or hunting. Their diet consists of plants, fruits, mushrooms and they communicate through sounds and scent marking. Female deer reproduce annually during the rut in late October/early November.
The document provides information about frogs found in Wisconsin, including 12 native species. It describes physical characteristics, habitats, breeding periods, and calls for several common frog species such as the Western Chorus Frog, Wood Frog, Northern Spring Peeper, American Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, Pickerel Frog, Eastern Gray Treefrog, and Cope's Gray Treefrog. The document also discusses amphibian biology, monitoring programs, and the importance of frogs as indicator species.
Nuptial flight is an important part of reproduction for many ant, termite, and bee species where virgin queens mate with males. During nuptial flight, queens scatter to ensure mating with males from other colonies to avoid inbreeding, then land to remove their wings and found new colonies. Males are produced to mate with queens, and after mating the males die while the queens store the sperm and use it to fertilize eggs over their lifetimes of up to 20 years.
This document provides information about toads, including their distinguishing characteristics, classification, life cycle, and importance. It notes that toads have bumpy, dry skin without teeth or bulging eyes, while frogs have moist, smooth skin with teeth and protruding eyes. Toads lay eggs in long chains while frogs lay eggs in clusters. The document describes toad classification within the animal kingdom and provides details about a toad's internal and external morphology. It then outlines the stages of a toad's life cycle from mating and egg-laying to tadpoles and toadlets. The document concludes by discussing why toads are important as predators, for pest control, medicine, education, and research.
This document summarizes information about the Cirrhinus mrigala fish species, including:
- Hatchlings remain near the surface while fry and fingerlings move deeper, and adults dwell on the bottom. Their diet includes detritus, vegetation, phytoplankton and zooplankton.
- In culture, they typically reach 600-700g in the first year, though they are slower growing than other carps. They can survive up to 12 years in natural waters.
- Mrigal are widely cultivated in Southeast Asia as a component of polyculture pond systems, constituting 20-30% of stock in three-species culture and 15-20% in six-species culture
Hummingbirds are small birds that can beat their wings extremely fast, up to 70 beats per second. They range in size from the Bee Hummingbird at just 2.5 inches long to the Giant Hummingbird which can reach 8 inches. Hummingbirds have a high metabolism and must feed very frequently, eating nearly constantly to support their high energy lifestyle and fast wing beats. They are found throughout the Americas and some species migrate long distances each year while others are year-round residents of certain habitats.
The document provides information about the life cycle of mosquitoes, which includes four stages:
1. Eggs are laid by female mosquitoes and hatch within 48-72 hours into larvae.
2. Larvae, or "wrigglers", live in water and breathe through a siphon tube. They molt four times over 5-6 days.
3. Pupae, or "tumblers", live at the water surface for 1-4 days until an adult mosquito emerges from the casing.
4. Only female mosquitoes bite to obtain blood meals needed to develop eggs, while males feed on plant juices. Various species have different biting behaviors and flight ranges.
This document provides information on common freshwater fish species found in Kerala, India. It begins with an introduction to fish taxonomy and the importance of fish as a food source in South Asia. The document then describes several important fish species found in Kerala's rivers and lakes, including the Peninsular Hill Trout, Hiffin Carp, Nash's Barb, Malabar Silurus, Boal, and various species of glassfish. It provides details on the physical characteristics, habitats, threats, and conservation status of each species. The document also includes background information on Kerala's geography, rivers and lakes, and key contributors to the study of Kerala's freshwater fish diversity.
Flamingos breed and live near ponds and lakes. They have a diet consisting of small fish and mollusks. Flamingos face many predators like lions and lay only one egg at a time, while their eggs were eaten by ancient Romans. Their knees are actually their ankles.
Decorah Envirothon - General aquatic insectsJohn Kraus
This document provides information about various aquatic insect species found in Iowa's Driftless Area streams and rivers. It describes the lifecycles and habitats of mayfly, caddisfly, stonefly, dragonfly and damselfly nymphs. Specific insects covered include Blue-winged Olives, March Browns, Miniature Eastern Sulfurs, Little Black Sedges, Grannoms, and Green Rock Worms. Photos show the insects at different life stages and provide tips on imitating their appearances with fly patterns. The document emphasizes the importance of aquatic insects as a food source for trout.
The peacock, or Indian blue peafowl, is a medium-sized bird native to South Asia. Males have extravagant multi-colored trains of iridescent feathers that can span over 1 meter. During mating season, males perform visual displays to attract females, who select mates based on train size and health. Peafowl are omnivorous, eating insects, plants, and small animals. They live solitary or in small groups and communicate through loud calls. Though long-lived in captivity, peafowl face threats in the wild from habitat loss and predation by large cats and wild dogs.
The Pacific Baza is a medium-sized hawk found in tropical and subtropical forests in northern and eastern Australia. It has a prominent crest and paddle-shaped wings. Its preferred prey includes large insects like stick insects, mantids, and frogs. It hunts through forest canopies and makes short dives to catch prey in foliage or mid-air. From September to March it breeds, making aerial displays before building nests and laying 2-3 eggs, which both parents incubate for about 33 days.
The document is a notice and proxy statement for Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company's 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The meeting will be held on May 7, 2003 at 10:00 AM at the Goodyear Theater in Akron, Ohio. Shareholders will vote on electing four directors, amending the Code of Regulations, ratifying the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as independent accountants, and considering a shareholder proposal. The proxy statement provides details on these voting items and includes information on the board of directors and executive compensation.
This document discusses disease management and financial alignment in the Netherlands' healthcare system. It provides background on the rise of chronic diseases and the need for coordinated care models. The Netherlands is moving towards a new "functional pricing" model for outpatient chronic care, representing the next step in disease management. The document outlines the Dutch healthcare system and trends towards vertically integrated care networks. It also discusses the history of disease management approaches in the Netherlands from early transmural care programs to the current emphasis on patient-centered chronic condition management.
The document is the 1999 annual report of Manpower Inc. It discusses the company's financial highlights for 1999, including increased systemwide sales, revenues, and operating margin compared to previous years. It summarizes the company's strategies to focus on providing workforce solutions, investing in technology, improving efficiency, and expanding in professional and specialty staffing. The report discusses how these strategies helped drive growth while improving profitability in 1999.
Bernard Poussot, President and CEO of Wyeth, outlines the company's goals and strategies at the 2008 Goldman Sachs Annual Global Healthcare Conference. These include 1) managing the financial impact of losing exclusivity for its drug Protonix, 2) achieving the full potential of its core products, 3) successfully launching new products, and 4) leveraging its R&D capabilities. Poussot also discusses optimizing Wyeth's international expansion and continuing its transformation through cost reduction initiatives.
Raytheon Reports 2004 Third Quarter Resultsfinance12
- Raytheon reported Q3 sales of $4.9 billion, up 12.7% from 2003, and earnings of $0.41 per share.
- Backlog reached a record $32.8 billion driven by strong bookings of $5.7 billion in Q3.
- Free cash flow for Q3 was $204 million including a $210 million payment for the settlement of a shareholder lawsuit.
- Guidance for 2004 was increased for GAAP EPS to $0.87-$0.92 and excludes the settlement payment.
This document discusses a group project created by four students for a class. It mentions controlling content and functions on a website and the need to recheck and confirm information first before making guarantees about people being real users. The document raises questions about distinguishing different people and whether access can be guaranteed.
ADI offersAL Darsouni (ADI) offers in-depth resources and a broad range of services tailored to client requirements. We actively pursue new and innovative ways to assist our clients to excel and exceed in business objectives.
ADI has pioneered the concept of interior designing and project management tailored specifically to the public and private sector needs. We have specialized divisions that include High-Rise Buildings, Commercial Complexes, Interior Architecture and Project Management Services.
This presentation details the 3D modeling portfolio and some of the projects we have designed and constructed. For more infomration do visit our website at www.aldarsouni.com
This document provides a summary of a master's thesis on marketing automation strategies. The thesis examines how marketing automation can help companies achieve CRM leadership and increase marketing efficiency and revenue generation.
The thesis consists of an introduction to marketing automation, a description of the research methodology, findings from interviews with 12 marketing automation experts, and conclusions. Key findings include that marketing automation is most suitable for companies with large customer interactions across complex digital journeys. Successful implementation requires integration with data management platforms and clear customer profiles. The most commonly cited effective automated marketing rules and flows included welcome programs, abandoned cart campaigns, and programs to retain existing customers.
The document provides details about the Top Thrill Dragster roller coaster located at Cedar Point amusement park in Ohio. It is the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world, reaching speeds of 193 km/h within 4 seconds of leaving the station from a height of nearly 122 meters. The coaster cost $25 million to build and opened in 2003.
constellation energy Q1 2007 Earnings Presentation 2007 First Quarterfinance12
Constellation Energy reported strong earnings growth in Q1 2007 driven by solid Merchant performance. Adjusted EPS was $1.03, an increase of 69% over Q1 2006. Merchant earnings increased substantially due to higher power prices in the Mid-Atlantic region and lower costs for NewEnergy. BGE earnings were slightly lower than the prior year but within guidance. Constellation reaffirmed 2007 and 2008 EPS guidance and expects 10% EPS growth in 2009. The company is well positioned for future growth through its capital investment program and competitive strengths across power and gas.
This was a presentation given at the Nomadic Marketing seminar in Johannesburg, South Africa, focusing on measurement and web analytics. It offers a simple model of how to think about measurement moving toward behavioural targeting. www.cambrient.com | www.technomadicmarkets.com
This document summarizes the Clean Ohio Fund, which was reauthorized in 2008 through a statewide ballot issue approved by 69% of voters. It allows $400 million in state bonds to be issued, with $200 million for brownfield cleanup and $200 million for agricultural easement, conservation, and trails programs. From 2008-2012, $100 million was allocated among the green programs. Additional funding of $52 million remains available. The document outlines progress made with the funding and next steps to secure the remaining funds and advocate for renewal of the Clean Ohio Fund.
The document discusses financial alignment of chronic healthcare in the Netherlands through the use of functional pricing. It describes the Dutch healthcare system and the development of disease management programs. Specifically, it discusses vertical integration between providers, the dominant role of general practitioners as gatekeepers, and the proposal of using outpatient Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) for chronic conditions, called Chain Diagnoses Treatment Combinations (CDTCs), as a new payment mechanism to reimburse costs and encourage disease management programs. Comparison to systems in other countries provides lessons for reforming healthcare systems through financial alignment of providers and payers.
The document announces that Stephanie Streeter, former chairman, president and CEO of Banta Corporation, has been elected to Goodyear's board of directors. Streeter has over 20 years of experience in marketing and business leadership roles. She will receive standard compensation for non-employee directors. The document also notes amendments made to some of Goodyear's employee benefit plans and compensation agreements to comply with tax code requirements.
The document discusses open-source and proprietary library catalog software. It defines open-source software and lists some examples of open-source library catalog software like Koha, Evergreen, phpMyLibrary, and OpenBiblio. The document notes that open-source software is free but requires technical expertise for support, while proprietary software has costs for licensing but includes training and support. When choosing, libraries should consider needs, available support resources, and total costs of ownership.
Male frogs and toads attract females through vocal calls produced by vocal sacs, while male salamanders and newts rely on smell. Amphibian reproduction involves external fertilization, with frogs amplexing and the male fertilizing eggs as the female lays them. Tadpoles hatch with gills and tails, and undergo metamorphosis to grow limbs and lungs as they develop into adult frogs or salamanders. Key differences are frogs/toads lay eggs in clumps while salamanders use sperm packets, and tadpoles of frogs/toads are herbivores versus carnivorous salamander larvae.
Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians. It is an important field that provides insights into conservation, medical research, and environmental quality. Amphibians are especially useful as bioindicators because they absorb water and chemicals through their skin. Many amphibian species are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss, disease, pollution, and other factors. Reptiles and amphibians display a wide variety of adaptations for living on land or in water, and fulfilling different ecological roles in ecosystems.
This document describes the characteristics of the phylum Chordata, including having a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches or gill slits, and a postanal tail. It outlines the three subphyla: Cephalocharodata which includes lancelets, Urochordata which includes sea squirts, and Vertebrata which are distinguished by having a vertebral column or spine, cranium, and endoskeleton composed of bone or cartilage. Major groups of vertebrates described include lampreys and hagfishes, sharks and rays, boney fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
This document provides an overview of amphibians including their characteristics, evolution, examples of different types of amphibians like frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. It discusses their anatomy, life cycles, habitats, defenses, diets, and more. Amphibians are defined as animals that develop outside the body, have glandular skin without scales, and can breathe through gills or lungs. They first appeared around 340-270 million years ago.
Neuroptera is an order of insects that includes lacewings, antlions, and dobsonflies. The order is divided into two suborders - Planipennia which includes lacewings and antlions, and Megaloptera which includes dobsonflies and snakeflies. Neuroptera have four membranous wings with extensive branching veins, are soft-bodied, and have mandibulate mouthparts. Both the larvae and adults are predominantly predatory, with larvae of some families being important predators of agricultural pests. Some key families include green lacewings, brown lacewings, antlions, dobsonflies, and snakeflies.
This document provides an overview of many marine species, organized into categories. It begins by introducing cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and chimaeras, describing sandtigers, blacktips, cownose rays, and southern stingrays. It then covers bony reef fish like surgeonfish, angelfish, triggerfish, squirrelfish, and jawfish. Other sections discuss discus fish, snappers, groupers, butterflyfish, parrotfish, and damselfishes. Further categories include marine mammals like whales and seals, aquatic birds, sea turtles, and marine iguanas. In closing, it briefly mentions other ocean species such as octopuses, fish, and tuna
This document provides descriptions of various animals found on ocean reefs, including hammer coral, anemonefish, bicolor anthias, blacktip reef shark, brain coral, carpet anemone, convict tang, dwarf seahorse, epaulette shark, giant clam, longsnout seahorse, parrotfish, pharaoh cuttlefish, pyramid butterflyfish, and zebra shark. It describes their physical characteristics and behaviors. The animals serve important roles in the reef ecosystem and many have interesting adaptations for survival in the reef environment.
This document provides descriptions of various animals found on ocean reefs, including hammer coral, anemonefish, bicolor anthias, blacktip reef shark, brain coral, carpet anemone, convict tang, dwarf seahorse, epaulette shark, giant clam, longsnout seahorse, parrotfish, pharaoh cuttlefish, pyramid butterflyfish, and zebra shark. It describes their physical characteristics and behaviors.
WV: Creating Butterfly and Bird GardensSotirakou964
This document provides information on attracting butterflies and birds to landscapes by meeting their basic needs of food, cover, and water. It lists plant species that provide food for different types of birds and butterflies throughout the year. Trees and shrubs are highlighted as important for providing cover from weather and predators. Maintaining sources of fresh water, such as birdbaths, is also discussed. The document concludes with tips for developing a landscape plan to attract wildlife, including evaluating existing plants, researching new species, and taking a gradual approach.
The sambar deer is a large deer native to South and Southeast Asia. It has a small mane and relatively long tail. Males grow antlers starting at age 2. Sambar have lived up to 28 years in captivity, though likely not more than 12 years in the wild. They are found in forests and grasslands near water sources. Sambar are nocturnal and form small herds. Males become territorial during breeding season from November to December and engage in fights with other males over territory. Females give birth after 8 months of gestation. Major threats to sambar include habitat loss and hunting.
The document categorizes different types of animals. It discusses that vertebrates have skeletons and includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Mammals are defined as animals that have babies, hair, breathe with lungs and drink mother's milk. Birds lay eggs, are vertebrates, most can fly and have feathers and wings. Reptiles lay eggs, have scales, are vertebrates and slither. Amphibians live on land and in water, lay eggs in water and are vertebrates. Fish lay eggs, live in water, have scales, are vertebrates, swim with fins and breathe with gills. Invertebrates have no skeleton and include insects.
The document discusses the class Amphibia, including that their name comes from the Greek words meaning "double life" referring to their aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage. It describes the three living orders - Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders), and Apoda (caecilians) - and provides details on their characteristics, species numbers, sizes, and geographic distributions. Amphibians live a double life with an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage, have permeable skin, and must return to water to reproduce.
Elephant shrews are small, insectivorous mammals found in Africa. They resemble rodents but have elongated snouts and scaly tails. Their sizes vary from 10-30 cm long and they weigh 50g to over 500g. They are insectivores, using their long noses to find prey like insects and their tongues to flick food into their mouths. Some eat small plants. The short-eared elephant shrew lives in southern Africa and inhabits desert and semi-desert areas, burrowing in sand. They breed in warm seasons, with females having multiple pregnancies. Elephant shrews have economic importance by controlling pest populations and being used for research and education.
The red-necked amazon (Amazona arausiaca), which is native to Dominica, is also referred to as the lesser Dominican amazon, red-necked parrot, jaco parrot, or jaco.
It's green with vibrant splotches of different colors. The crimson patch of feathers frequently observed at its throat gave rise to its name.
The yellow longnose butterflyfish is a small fish that averages 8 inches in length and 2 ounces in weight. It has a mostly yellow body with a black and white head and a black spot on its tail. Its flat body allows it to navigate narrow spaces on coral reefs and the black tail spot confuses predators. The yellow longnose butterflyfish lives in reef areas in the Red Sea, Australia, Galápagos Islands, Hawaii, and elsewhere, preferring areas with coral, caves and ledges, though it lives deeper in the water. The fish is endangered due to larger predators in the wild and overcollection for aquariums reducing its numbers.
India is home to over 700 freshwater fish. These include catfish, loaches barbs Channas (Snake head) gobies, etc. The majority of species are native to just two areas namely that of the Western Ghats and the North East. Each year new species are identified and identified. Of all freshwater fish Indian barbs Channa as well as Cichlid fish are well-known worldwide and many hobbyists would prefer keeping the fish in their aquarium. There are over 1500 species of Cichlid that can be found around the world, however, there are just three species indigenous to India. They all share an incredibly similarity in appearance to Madagascan Paretropline Cichlids. * Etroplus suratensis Pseudetroplus maculatus Etroplus canarensis * Tank Size to hold this species of fish is an aquarium that has dimensions of base 48x25 inches. For Etroplus suratensis it is 60x24 inches.
The document provides information on the body structure, life cycle, habitat, diet, predators, and size of the Emperor Scorpion. It has an 8-legged body with pedipalps and a metasoma divided into 5 segments. Females give live birth to 10-12 young after multiple molting stages as juveniles. Emperor Scorpions live in parts of Africa including countries like Nigeria and Cameroon. They eat insects and small animals, getting prey using their stinger and pedipalps. Their predators include bats, birds, and other scorpions due to their poor eyesight. Adult Emperor Scorpions are on average 7.9 inches in length.
This document categorizes and describes different types of animals. It discusses vertebrates like mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, which have skeletons, and lays out some of their key characteristics. It also covers invertebrates like insects, which do not have skeletons. Finally, it briefly mentions how some animals move and their diets.
Mosquitoes of Georgia document summarizes the life cycle and habitats of mosquitoes found in the state. It describes the four life stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs can be laid singly or in rafts and can remain viable for years. Larvae develop through four instars and breathe air but also absorb oxygen through their skin. Pupae do not feed and emerge after 1-2 days. Adults mate and females require blood meals for egg development. The document outlines various larval habitats including permanent water, floodwater, containers, and specialized habitats. It provides examples of common Georgia mosquito species and those that vector diseases like malaria, La Crosse virus, and West Nile
The Clean Power Plan and CHP: How Combined Heat and Power can help Ohio achie...Ohio Environmental Council
On August 3, 2015 the US EPA finalized the Clean Power Plan (CPP), which requires states to reduce carbon emissions from power plants using a variety of strategies, including Combined Heat and Power (CHP). The US EPA gave states a great amount of flexibility in how to meet carbon reduction goals, creating an opportunity for the state to take advantage of Ohio's great CHP potential.
As Ohio moves forward with developing a state plan, this webinar will examine precisely how the Clean Power Plan treats CHP and what options the state has to include CHP as a carbon-reducing strategy. Webinar participants will have the opportunity to ask questions of presenters and review presentation materials after the conclusion of the webinar.
Western Lake Erie “impairment” designation: What does it mean? How can it hap...Ohio Environmental Council
This document discusses waterway impairment designations under the Clean Water Act. It explains that if water quality criteria for a waterway are not met, it is considered "impaired" and requires a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) to limit pollutants. The TMDL process for the Chesapeake Bay is discussed as a case study, including litigation that led to its establishment and requirements for states to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads by certain percentages and timelines. Nonpoint sources are included in TMDLs and states must describe plans to achieve load reductions.
In September 2013, a group of scientists and specialists came together under the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement’s Nutrient Annex 4 Objectives and Targets Task Team to determine how much phosphorus reduction is necessary to restore Lake Erie’s water quality, reduce the occurrences harmful algal blooms in western Lake Erie, as well as the extent of the central basin’s hypoxic zone.
The Annex 4 task team released their report in late June 2015 and Dr. Jeffery Reutter, task team co-chair, will present the group’s findings and what it means to the lake if the loading and concentration targets are met.
Santina Wortman, an official from the U.S. EPA Region 5 office will also be on hand to answer questions and explain next steps for the agency.
Recently, Dayton Power & Light (DP&L) launched a CHP-specific incentive under the electric utility’s custom rebate program, per the policy established by Governor Kasich’s 21st Century Energy Initiative (Ohio Senate Bill 315). This presentation features DP&L energy efficiency program staff who provide details on the program incentive that is available to customers of Dayton Power & Light. Additionally, facilitators of the Ohio Coalition for Combined Heat and Power provide a state policy update.
The document discusses DP&L's energy efficiency programs and goals, including incentives available for combined heat and power (CHP) projects. DP&L is required to reduce energy usage 22% by 2025 under SB221, and chose to continue its existing portfolio plan under SB310. The utility offers rebates up to $0.08/kWh and $100/kW for CHP projects, as well as funding for feasibility studies. Interconnection and net metering processes are also described to encourage renewable energy generation.
The document discusses environmental impacts and regulatory failures related to fracking in Ohio. It summarizes concerns about risks to public health and the environment from water and air pollution, increased toxic waste, and inadequate chemical disclosure laws and emergency response regulations. Specific incidents of well blowouts, fires, and fish kills are presented as examples illustrating the need for strengthened rules regarding setbacks, containment, chemical information sharing, and first responder resources.
Over 1,000 fracking wells have been drilled in Ohio in the past three years. W have seen numerous accidents associated with fracking in Ohio including a chemical fire and release, earthquakes, fires, and explosions. Still, there has been no assessment of the current or expected health impacts from fracking in our state, and little to no training for medical professionals and emergency responders.
The meeting with Southwest Pennsylvania Environmental Health Project was a forum to begin a dialogue about the health impacts associated with fracking.
Scientists have identified this commonly used sealcoat as a major source of dangerous chemicals in streams and lakes, and as a significant health risk to the public, especially young children. These chemicals, which will are discussed in depth in the webinar, are found in the sediments of nearby lakes and streams from pavements coated with this type of product.
Our expert speaker is Dr. Barbara Mahler, a Research Hydrologist with the USGS at the Texas Water Science Center. She is part of the Contaminant Trends in Lake Sediments (CTLS) team, which uses cores of sediments from lakes to reconstruct the contaminant histories of watersheds.
This document provides an overview of a webinar about toxic chemicals commonly found in homes and the environment. It discusses three chemicals - bisphenol A (BPA) found in plastics, formaldehyde found in household products, and chemical flame retardants found in furniture. For each chemical, it outlines their uses, health impacts like cancer and developmental issues, and ways to reduce exposure. It also discusses the failures of the Toxic Substances Control Act to regulate chemicals and legislative efforts in Congress to reform the law.
A Lake Erie Twofer: Tiny Plastic Particles and Toxic Algae Threaten Lake WatersOhio Environmental Council
A panel of experts discuss the impact of toxic algae and microbeads on the health and well-being of Lake Erie.
Presenters:
- Dr. Jeffery Reutter, Director Ohio Sea Grant College Program
- Dr. Sue Watson, Research Scientist, WHERD, Water Science and Technology, Environment Canada
- Andy McClure, Administrator, Collins Park Water Treatment, Toledo, OH
- Dr. Sheri Mason, Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at SUNY Fredonia
The document summarizes research on the economic impacts of fracking in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. It finds that while fracking provides some economic benefits like jobs, royalties, and local spending, there are also significant costs to local communities. These costs include increased housing prices, road damage, traffic accidents, environmental contamination concerns, and the need for additional infrastructure and services. Many of the benefits of fracking accrue to out-of-state oil and gas companies rather than local communities. Overall, the net economic impact on local communities is mixed, with both benefits and costs that communities must manage through policy solutions.
The document summarizes information for submitting public comments to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regarding their proposal to use open lake disposal of toxic sediment dredged from Cleveland Harbor and the Cuyahoga River. It outlines factors the Corps must consider under the National Environmental Policy Act to determine if an environmental impact statement is required, including effects on public health, controversy, uncertainty, precedent set, and cumulative impacts. It concludes that the proposal would significantly affect the human environment and that the Corps must prepare a full environmental impact statement.
This document provides an overview of several environmental issues and lobbying tips for an Environmental Lobby Day event. It discusses Ohio's current energy portfolio, the impacts of proposed bill SB 58 on clean energy standards, and recommends rejecting the bill. It also addresses orphan oil and gas well plugging, increasing funding for geological surveys before drilling, banning manure application on frozen ground to reduce nutrient pollution, the successes of the Clean Ohio Fund in conserving land and trails, and tips for effective lobbying.
This document provides information and asks for support on various environmental issues in Ohio. It begins by welcoming participants to Environmental Lobby Day and noting sponsors. It then discusses the need to reject SB 58 which would weaken the state's energy efficiency and renewable standards. Next, it calls for more funding and efficient plugging of abandoned oil and gas wells and increased geological surveys before new drilling. It also urges a ban on manure application over snow or frozen ground to reduce nutrient pollution. Further, it highlights the success of the Clean Ohio Fund in conserving land and requests support for additional funding. Finally, it provides lobbying tips and information on providing feedback.
Presentation of the webinar on 10-21-13 by the Ohio Environmental Council about the proposed legislation (Ohio Senate Bill 58) that would weaken Ohio's clean energy laws.
Slides from the Oct 9, 2013, webinar "Building Your Best Board (Part 2)," presented by the Ohio Environmental Council, River Network, and the Institute for Conservation Leadership
Slides from the Oct 2, 2013, webinar "Building Your Best Board," presented by the Ohio Environmental Council, River Network, and the Institute for Conservation Leadership.
Contending that Ohioans are not adequately protected from the risks of horizontal, hydrological fracturing - or "fracking" - for oil and gas, the Ohio Environmental Council is proposing a sweeping upgrade to state oil and gas laws. The proposed bill, called SAFER GAS (Safeguarding Appalachian Families with Environmental Regulation of Gas And Shale), shores up more than 30 gaps in Ohio law.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
2. Frogs and toads
Wood Frogs are obligate vernal pool breeders
Wood Frogs are obligate vernal pool breeders
American Toads, Spring Peepers, Chorus,
American Toads, Spring Peepers, Chorus,
Leopard, and Gray Treefrogs are facultative
Leopard, and Gray Treefrogs are facultative
Have marked fidelity to natal pool
Have marked fidelity to natal pool
Only males vocalize, and only during breeding season
Only males vocalize, and only during breeding season
(both sexes have alarm calls)
(both sexes have alarm calls)
4. Newly-laid egg mass
Wood Frog – Rana sylvatica
Explosive breeders in mid-late March
Females often lay eggs together in “rafts”
Eggs laid at water surface
Ohio’s champion frost-hardy amphibian
Disappearing in Ohio, possibly gone
in far NW part of state
Ohio EPA has repatriation program
Egg hatch
State distribution maps from
ohioamphiobians.com
Wood Frog pair in amplexus
Wood Frog pair in amplexus
5. How many frogs?
Leopard Frog – Rana pipiens
•Only breed in semipermanent pools
•Late April breeding season
Gray Treefrog – Hyla versicolor
•Disappearing in Ohio
•Champion color changer
•Later breeders (mostly May-June)
•Breed in long-lasting pools
6. Spring Peeper – Pseudacris crucifer
Very small (1 inch) but very loud – sound amplified by gular pouch
Live in moist woods and climb a foot or so up into vegetation
Breed from early March to mid-April
Newly-laid eggs
“X” marks the species
attached to stem
Cluster of egg masses
Giving it all he’s got!
7. Western Chorus Frog – Pseudacris triseriata
•About 1-1/4 inch long
•About 1-1/4
•Breeds from early March to mid-April
•Breeds mid-April
•Call sounds like fingers raking a metal comb
•Call
•Call amplified by gular pouch
•Call
adult
Embryos developing in egg mass
8. toads
•To about 3 inches in length
•To about 3 inches in length
•Breeds in April to early May
•Breeds in April to early May
•Utilizes a wide variety of breeding habitats
•Utilizes a wide variety of breeding habitats
•One female can lay 12,000 eggs!
•One female can lay 12,000 eggs!
Egg mass
American Toad –
Bufo (Anaxurus) americanus
Fowler’s Toad –
Bufo (A.) fowleri
Eggs laid in strings
9. Salamanders
General salamander information:
General salamander information:
•Utilize various upland habitats
•Utilize various upland habitats
•Usually temporary visitors to vernal pools
•Usually temporary visitors to vernal pools
•Larvae have external gills and quickly grow legs (front legs first)
•Larvae have external gills and quickly grow legs (front legs first)
•Some use vernal pools for breeding, but can use other habitats
•Some use vernal pools for breeding, but can use other habitats
•Silent breeders; use pheromones to attract females
•Silent breeders; use pheromones to attract females
•Larvae must transform into adults before pool dries
•Larvae must transform into adults before pool dries
•Larvae are top vernal pool predators
•Larvae are top vernal pool predators
•All salamander species are entirely predatory and carnivorous
•All salamander species are entirely predatory and carnivorous
(Insects, worms, spiders, crustaceans, mollusks)
(Insects, worms, spiders, crustaceans, mollusks)
•Preyed on by birds, raccoons, snakes
•Preyed on by birds, raccoons, snakes
11. Facultative Species –
Eastern Spotted Newt
Notophthalmus viridescens
•Prefer permanent to semipermanent pools larva
•Breeds in April National distribution maps
from ARMI atlas (USGS)
•Terrestrial eft stage lasts several years Aquatic adult
•Can leave pool during dry periods
•Male has tubercles on legs to grasp female
•Skin is highly toxic
Eft stage
amplexus
12. Four-toed Salamander – Hemidactylium scutatum
Species of special concern in Ohio
Needs undisturbed forests
Mostly found with sphagnum moss;
eggs laid in moss and larvae drop
into water when hatched
2-3 inches long, slender, with shield-type
markings on back and salt-and-pepper belly
Female brooding eggs in sphagnum Sphagnum moss
biology.astate.edu
13. obligate species: Ambystomids (mole salamanders)
Live underground or under cover most of the year
Will emerge on wet nights to forage for food on forest floor
Sustained temperatures above ~75 degrees are fatal
Life span of ~12 (Smallmouth) to ~25 (Tiger) years
Woodland habitat usually moist; Jefferson prefers higher woods
Several species may share the same pond
Eastern Tiger Salamander –
Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum
•Needs mature forests
•Largest of ambystomids – to about 9 inches
fwie.fw.vt.edu
•Largely extirpated from northern Ohio
14. Female vent
Male vent
spermatophores
Animals emerge from underground during warm late winter/early spring rain events
Animals emerge from underground during warm late winter/early spring rain events
Smallmouth emerge first – even in warm January spells, but more usually in early March
Smallmouth emerge first – even in warm January spells, but more usually in early March
Spotteds are latest – often early April
Spotteds are latest – often early April
Migrate up to several hundred yards to ponds; males arrive a few days before females
Migrate up to several hundred yards to ponds; males arrive a few days before females
Males produce a pheromone that excites female breeding response
Males produce a pheromone that excites female breeding response
Vents swell during breeding – the males’ more than the females’
Vents swell during breeding – the males’ more than the females’
Animals pair off at night, the male nudging pheromones into female’s skin with his snout
Animals pair off at night, the male nudging pheromones into female’s skin with his snout
Male deposits up to several dozen spermatophores on pond substrate (leaves, twigs)
Male deposits up to several dozen spermatophores on pond substrate (leaves, twigs)
Fertilization is internal; sperm extremely sensitive to water chemistry
Fertilization is internal; sperm extremely sensitive to water chemistry
15. Spotted Salamander –
Ambystoma maculatum
About 6 inches in length, female > male
April breeding season (but weather dependent)
Egg masses firm, gelatinous, globular, about 4 inches in diameter
Innner translucent egg sac enveloped in clear (sometimes milky) matrix
Masses sometimes greenish (öophilic algus)
Widely distributed throughout Ohio, but becoming less common
16. Marbled Salamander – Ambystoma opacum
Only autumn-breeding ambystomid
Female excavates nest depression in dry pool, then
Broods eggs until rains have substantially filled pool
Larvae hatch in late fall and become predatory on other ambystomid larvae
Female Marbled brooding eggs
17. Blue-spotted Salamander – Ambystoma laterale
•Northern in distribution;Ohio endangered species
•Found in Ohio only in one or a few locations in Toledo area
•Often misidentified with Smallmouth, Jefferson, and sp’s (see below)
18. Smallmouth Salamander – Ambystoma texanum
•Very short snout
•Lower jaw equals or protrudes beyond upper
•Toes relatively short
•Markings climb up onto back
•Lichen-like flecks bluish when young, fading with age
•Earliest breeder of ambystomids
•Egg clusters looser than Spotted, ~several dozen/mass
•Most common ambystomid in our area (but see below)
Greg Lipps
19. Jefferson Salamander – Ambystoma jeffersonianum
Snout larger and toes longer than Smallmouth
Bluish flecking more restricted to sides
Egg cluster loose, ~cylindrical, ~200/mass
Present in NE Ohio, mostly on Allegheny Plateau
Absent on NW Ohio (southerly/Appalachian distribution)
Likes drier woods than other ambystomids
20. Unnamed “sp” – probably
Who the heck am I, anyhow? 2 Smallmouth, 1 Blue-spotted
Unisexual hybrid polyploids
Kellys Island Salamander:
1 tiger, 1 smallmouth,
one Blue-spotted, 1 Jefferson
Tremblay’s Salamander:
1 Blue-spotted, 2 Jefferson
Greg Lipps
Have three or more sets of chromosomes
Populations are all-female
No fertilization of egg by sperm, but
Sperm necessary to initiate mitosis in egg
Egg clusters very small (~2-10 eggs)
Many genetic combinations
Silvery Salamander
Reproduction and science poorly understood
Globally rare but no legal protection; disappearing fast!Blue-spotted, 1 Jefferson
2
21. Comparison of some different eggs Smallmouth
species Eggs/mass Mass shape Mass texture egg size (mm) other
Mass size (cm) inner/outer
Spotted S. 60-200; few masses Globular Thick, firm 2.0 – 2.5/6-7 females deposit masses together in a
clutch
Jefferson S. 8-55; Ave. ~15; Cylindrical Soft 2.0 -2.1/3.5 below water surface
many 2.5 D x 3.5 L (all vernal ambystomids)
masses
Smallmouth 4-6 (-30), but many Irregular, elongate Very loose (like raw 2.0 – 2.1/3.5
masses egg white)
Unisexual hybrids (sp’s) 1 – 8 (-19); variable Irregular Very loose 2.7/5.0
Wood Frog 500-1000 Globular Firm 1.9/6.5 At surface; in
7.5-10.0 cm communal rafts
Spring Peeper ~700 (-1000) elongate, ovate loose 1.1/2/5 5-10 cm below surface attached to
2-5 vegetation
sp
Chorus Frog 30-50 elongate, ovate loose ~1/3.4 5-10 cm below surface attached to
2-5 vegetation or on bottom
Spotted
W. Chorus “raft” of Wood
Wood Frog
Frog eggs
embryo
S. Peeper
inner jelly
“clutch” of Spotted eggs
Jefferson
22. For more information: Visit www.ohioamphibians.com
www.fowl.org
Thanks to Greg Lipps for permission to use his photos
Thanks to Greg Lipps for permission to use his photos