The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries related to the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Several surgical approaches for accessing lesions in the third ventricle are outlined, including transventricular, transcallosal, and transcortical approaches. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is discussed as a treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus, with the optimal entry point and perforation location described. Potential complications of approaches to the third ventricle are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches to it. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries about the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Finally, it discusses various surgical approaches such as transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches as well as complications that can occur. The key information provided is the detailed anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical techniques for accessing it.
This document provides information about various cisterns in the skull base region. It discusses the oculomotor cistern, lamina terminalis cistern, chiasmatic cistern, interpeduncular cistern, carotid cistern and others. Images are included showing endoscopic views of these cisterns and their anatomical relationships. The document recommends approaches such as retrolabyrinthine to access the prepontine cistern without doing a posterior clinoidectomy or pituitary transposition. It provides links to additional resources on endoscopic skull base surgery.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
1. The document discusses the anatomy of the clivus, dividing it into upper, middle, and lower thirds. The middle clivus is defined as the region from the floor of the sella to the floor of the sphenoid sinus.
2. Key surgical landmarks for the middle clivus include the paraclival carotid arteries and the carotid-clival window, which provides access to the petrous apex via an infrapetrous approach.
3. Cadaver dissections and endoscopic views are presented to illustrate anatomical structures in the upper and middle clivus.
This document provides an overview of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). It discusses the history and principles of FESS, including reestablishing ventilation and mucociliary clearance while preserving normal tissue. Messerklinger's 5 lamella approach is described. Indications for primary sinonasal surgery include chronic and acute rhinosinusitis, polyps, and fungal infections. Anatomical landmarks visualized during endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are outlined, along with key features seen on coronal and axial CT scans.
The third ventricle is a midline cavity located between the two thalami and hypothalamus. It extends from the lamina terminalis anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct posteriorly. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a minimally invasive procedure to create an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to treat hydrocephalus. The procedure involves using an endoscope to navigate to the third ventricle where an opening is made using instruments or cautery. A balloon may be used to dilate the opening. The procedure aims to divert cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space.
The third ventricle is a midline cavity situated between the two thalami and hypothalamus. It extends from the lamina terminalis anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct posteriorly. The third ventricle has anterior, posterior, roof, floor and lateral walls formed by surrounding structures like the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland and others. It has recesses that extend into surrounding structures like the infundibular recess into the pituitary stalk. The pineal gland is a small reddish-grey structure located between the superior colliculi that secretes the hormone melatonin and is involved in biological functions like sleep-wake cycles.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries related to the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Several surgical approaches for accessing lesions in the third ventricle are outlined, including transventricular, transcallosal, and transcortical approaches. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is discussed as a treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus, with the optimal entry point and perforation location described. Potential complications of approaches to the third ventricle are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical approaches to it. It begins with a brief historical review of discoveries about the ventricles from ancient Greek physicians to the 20th century. It then describes in detail the structures that make up the walls, roof, and floor of the third ventricle. Finally, it discusses various surgical approaches such as transcortical, transcallosal, and endoscopic approaches as well as complications that can occur. The key information provided is the detailed anatomy of the third ventricle and surgical techniques for accessing it.
This document provides information about various cisterns in the skull base region. It discusses the oculomotor cistern, lamina terminalis cistern, chiasmatic cistern, interpeduncular cistern, carotid cistern and others. Images are included showing endoscopic views of these cisterns and their anatomical relationships. The document recommends approaches such as retrolabyrinthine to access the prepontine cistern without doing a posterior clinoidectomy or pituitary transposition. It provides links to additional resources on endoscopic skull base surgery.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
1. The document discusses the anatomy of the clivus, dividing it into upper, middle, and lower thirds. The middle clivus is defined as the region from the floor of the sella to the floor of the sphenoid sinus.
2. Key surgical landmarks for the middle clivus include the paraclival carotid arteries and the carotid-clival window, which provides access to the petrous apex via an infrapetrous approach.
3. Cadaver dissections and endoscopic views are presented to illustrate anatomical structures in the upper and middle clivus.
This document provides an overview of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). It discusses the history and principles of FESS, including reestablishing ventilation and mucociliary clearance while preserving normal tissue. Messerklinger's 5 lamella approach is described. Indications for primary sinonasal surgery include chronic and acute rhinosinusitis, polyps, and fungal infections. Anatomical landmarks visualized during endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are outlined, along with key features seen on coronal and axial CT scans.
The third ventricle is a midline cavity located between the two thalami and hypothalamus. It extends from the lamina terminalis anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct posteriorly. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a minimally invasive procedure to create an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to treat hydrocephalus. The procedure involves using an endoscope to navigate to the third ventricle where an opening is made using instruments or cautery. A balloon may be used to dilate the opening. The procedure aims to divert cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space.
The third ventricle is a midline cavity situated between the two thalami and hypothalamus. It extends from the lamina terminalis anteriorly to the cerebral aqueduct posteriorly. The third ventricle has anterior, posterior, roof, floor and lateral walls formed by surrounding structures like the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland and others. It has recesses that extend into surrounding structures like the infundibular recess into the pituitary stalk. The pineal gland is a small reddish-grey structure located between the superior colliculi that secretes the hormone melatonin and is involved in biological functions like sleep-wake cycles.
The document discusses the anatomy and clinical applications of the diaphragm. It describes the diaphragm as a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is important for respiration. It has three parts of origin and contains several openings that allow passage of structures between the thorax and abdomen. Clinical discussions include diaphragm paralysis, hernias, tumors, and surgical repairs.
The document describes the anatomy and surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus. It contains the following key points:
1. The cavernous sinus is a paired structure located on either side of the sella turcica. It contains several cranial nerves and the internal carotid artery.
2. There are various surgical approaches to access different regions of the cavernous sinus such as the frontotemporal approach, transzygomatic approach, and endoscopic endonasal approach.
3. Extradural bone removal such as sphenoid wing reduction and optic canal unroofing provide a wider surgical corridor. Intradural dissection of the cavernous sinus exposes the cranial nerves
This document summarizes important anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses that are relevant for sinusitis. It describes variations that can occur in structures like the agger nasi cells, uncinate process, middle turbinate, cribriform plate, and maxillary ostia. These variations include pneumatization of cells or bony structures as well as anatomical abnormalities that can obstruct drainage of the sinuses. Understanding these variations is important for evaluating patients with recurrent sinusitis as certain variations may contribute to obstruction and recurrence.
The document describes the ventricular system of the brain, including:
1) It is comprised of the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle.
2) Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus and circulates through the ventricles before being reabsorbed into the venous sinuses.
3) The lateral ventricles are located within the cerebral hemispheres and have anterior, body, and posterior horns.
This document provides an overview of performing and interpreting a neurosonogram or cranial ultrasound. It describes the scanning planes and landmarks visualized. Key findings that can be identified include lateral ventricle size, cavum septum pellucidum, corpus callosum, brainstem, and choroid plexus. Grading scales are provided for periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage. Doppler measurements of blood flow velocities are also described. The document serves as a guide for systematically scanning the brain and identifying both normal anatomy and common abnormalities on cranial ultrasound in neonates and infants.
This 18-year-old male patient presents with a history of trauma to the perianal region and is being evaluated for perianal fistulas. MRI findings show grade 1 intersphincteric fistulous tracts on both the right and left sides, with linear longitudinal tracts and no secondary ramifications. The internal openings are located at the 6 o'clock position on the right side and the 3 o'clock position on the left side. Contrast MRI provides clear delineation of the tracts and any infective foci.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
This document provides an overview of upper limb anatomy including:
- The breast lies over the pectoralis major muscle and fascia and extends from the 2nd to 6th ribs.
- The axilla is the region between the upper arm and chest wall bounded by several muscles. It contains the axillary artery, vein and brachial plexus nerves.
- The muscles of the shoulder region include the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and deltoid which all insert on the humerus.
This document discusses ventricular anatomy and cerebrospinal fluid physiology. It begins by outlining the anatomy of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles, including their walls, relationships to surrounding structures, and blood supply. It then covers cerebrospinal fluid physiology, including formation by the choroid plexus, circulation through the ventricles, and neurohumoral regulation of production rate. Key points covered include composition and flow rate of CSF, as well as mechanisms of ion transport involved in CSF formation.
This document provides information on the ventricular system of the brain. It describes the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. It discusses the relations, choroid plexuses, and radiological appearance of each part of the ventricular system. Radiological features on plain X-rays, CT, and MRI are also summarized.
I have tried my level best to complete this one. Basics & subjective details as much possible, are included here with understandable diagrams, CT-scans & charts. Clinical associations with possible anatomical structures are also touched . Frequent questions based on the topic discussed, will be there at the middle & end of presentation.
If you find it helpful then please like it & if any query regarding this ppt or upcoming ppts then mail me
drsuraj1997@gmail.com
Development of the middle ear is not covered in this presentation. If you are interested then please mail me. I will try to upload it as a separate one.
The ventricles are cavities in the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. There are four ventricles total: the left and right lateral ventricles located in the cerebral hemispheres, the third ventricle in the diencephalon, and the fourth ventricle between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. The lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina of Monro, while the third ventricle connects to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct. The fourth ventricle opens into the central canal of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space. Each ventricle has distinct
This document discusses the anatomy and surgical approaches related to the cavernous sinus region. It begins with an overview of the bony, dural, venous, arterial, and neural anatomy of the cavernous sinus. It then describes several surgical approaches in detail, including the frontotemporal extradural and intradural approach, anterolateral temporopolar transcavernous approach, and the lateral approach to the posterior cavernous sinus. Technical considerations for intracavernous tumor resection are also summarized.
This document describes the anatomy of the lateral ventricles and surrounding structures through a series of labeled diagrams. It details the relationships between the septum pellucidum, thalamus, hippocampal formation, fornix, corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, and lateral ventricles. Key structures like the frontal horn, body, atrium, occipital horn and temporal horn of the lateral ventricles are identified and their surrounding boundaries described.
Surgical diseases lecture 1. IV year VII semester.pdfShinilLenin
The document discusses different types of thoracotomy incisions including anterolateral, posterolateral, and lateral incisions providing access to different regions of the chest cavity. It also describes performing a "clamshell thoracotomy" which involves making bilateral thoracotomy incisions and splitting the sternum to provide the most exposure of the chest cavity. The different incision types allow access to address various chest injuries, diseases, and perform surgical procedures in the lungs and other thoracic organs.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
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The document discusses the anatomy and clinical applications of the diaphragm. It describes the diaphragm as a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is important for respiration. It has three parts of origin and contains several openings that allow passage of structures between the thorax and abdomen. Clinical discussions include diaphragm paralysis, hernias, tumors, and surgical repairs.
The document describes the anatomy and surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus. It contains the following key points:
1. The cavernous sinus is a paired structure located on either side of the sella turcica. It contains several cranial nerves and the internal carotid artery.
2. There are various surgical approaches to access different regions of the cavernous sinus such as the frontotemporal approach, transzygomatic approach, and endoscopic endonasal approach.
3. Extradural bone removal such as sphenoid wing reduction and optic canal unroofing provide a wider surgical corridor. Intradural dissection of the cavernous sinus exposes the cranial nerves
This document summarizes important anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses that are relevant for sinusitis. It describes variations that can occur in structures like the agger nasi cells, uncinate process, middle turbinate, cribriform plate, and maxillary ostia. These variations include pneumatization of cells or bony structures as well as anatomical abnormalities that can obstruct drainage of the sinuses. Understanding these variations is important for evaluating patients with recurrent sinusitis as certain variations may contribute to obstruction and recurrence.
The document describes the ventricular system of the brain, including:
1) It is comprised of the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle.
2) Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus and circulates through the ventricles before being reabsorbed into the venous sinuses.
3) The lateral ventricles are located within the cerebral hemispheres and have anterior, body, and posterior horns.
This document provides an overview of performing and interpreting a neurosonogram or cranial ultrasound. It describes the scanning planes and landmarks visualized. Key findings that can be identified include lateral ventricle size, cavum septum pellucidum, corpus callosum, brainstem, and choroid plexus. Grading scales are provided for periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage. Doppler measurements of blood flow velocities are also described. The document serves as a guide for systematically scanning the brain and identifying both normal anatomy and common abnormalities on cranial ultrasound in neonates and infants.
This 18-year-old male patient presents with a history of trauma to the perianal region and is being evaluated for perianal fistulas. MRI findings show grade 1 intersphincteric fistulous tracts on both the right and left sides, with linear longitudinal tracts and no secondary ramifications. The internal openings are located at the 6 o'clock position on the right side and the 3 o'clock position on the left side. Contrast MRI provides clear delineation of the tracts and any infective foci.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
This document provides an overview of upper limb anatomy including:
- The breast lies over the pectoralis major muscle and fascia and extends from the 2nd to 6th ribs.
- The axilla is the region between the upper arm and chest wall bounded by several muscles. It contains the axillary artery, vein and brachial plexus nerves.
- The muscles of the shoulder region include the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and deltoid which all insert on the humerus.
This document discusses ventricular anatomy and cerebrospinal fluid physiology. It begins by outlining the anatomy of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles, including their walls, relationships to surrounding structures, and blood supply. It then covers cerebrospinal fluid physiology, including formation by the choroid plexus, circulation through the ventricles, and neurohumoral regulation of production rate. Key points covered include composition and flow rate of CSF, as well as mechanisms of ion transport involved in CSF formation.
This document provides information on the ventricular system of the brain. It describes the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. It discusses the relations, choroid plexuses, and radiological appearance of each part of the ventricular system. Radiological features on plain X-rays, CT, and MRI are also summarized.
I have tried my level best to complete this one. Basics & subjective details as much possible, are included here with understandable diagrams, CT-scans & charts. Clinical associations with possible anatomical structures are also touched . Frequent questions based on the topic discussed, will be there at the middle & end of presentation.
If you find it helpful then please like it & if any query regarding this ppt or upcoming ppts then mail me
drsuraj1997@gmail.com
Development of the middle ear is not covered in this presentation. If you are interested then please mail me. I will try to upload it as a separate one.
The ventricles are cavities in the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. There are four ventricles total: the left and right lateral ventricles located in the cerebral hemispheres, the third ventricle in the diencephalon, and the fourth ventricle between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. The lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina of Monro, while the third ventricle connects to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct. The fourth ventricle opens into the central canal of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space. Each ventricle has distinct
This document discusses the anatomy and surgical approaches related to the cavernous sinus region. It begins with an overview of the bony, dural, venous, arterial, and neural anatomy of the cavernous sinus. It then describes several surgical approaches in detail, including the frontotemporal extradural and intradural approach, anterolateral temporopolar transcavernous approach, and the lateral approach to the posterior cavernous sinus. Technical considerations for intracavernous tumor resection are also summarized.
This document describes the anatomy of the lateral ventricles and surrounding structures through a series of labeled diagrams. It details the relationships between the septum pellucidum, thalamus, hippocampal formation, fornix, corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, and lateral ventricles. Key structures like the frontal horn, body, atrium, occipital horn and temporal horn of the lateral ventricles are identified and their surrounding boundaries described.
Surgical diseases lecture 1. IV year VII semester.pdfShinilLenin
The document discusses different types of thoracotomy incisions including anterolateral, posterolateral, and lateral incisions providing access to different regions of the chest cavity. It also describes performing a "clamshell thoracotomy" which involves making bilateral thoracotomy incisions and splitting the sternum to provide the most exposure of the chest cavity. The different incision types allow access to address various chest injuries, diseases, and perform surgical procedures in the lungs and other thoracic organs.
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2. For Other powerpoint presentatioins
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3. Great teachers – All this is their work .
I am just the reader of their books .
Prof. Paolo castelnuovo
Prof. Aldo Stamm Prof. Mario Sanna
Prof. Magnan
7. 3rd ventricle entry through Tuber cinereum is
laterally limited by Pcoms
Endoscopic third ventricle from posteriorly -- a.
Infundibular recess b. tuber cinereum c. mammillary
bodies
left posterior communicating artery (a),
mammillary body (b), and right posterior
hypoplasic communicating artery (c) ---
measurement performed between the posterior
communicating arteries using Geogebra software
(a-b = 11.3 mm),
9. 3rd ventricle entry through lamina terminalis is
laterally limited by A1s & above by Acom
Opening the lamina terminalis below the AcomA allows entrance into the anterior part of the
third ventricle. A2 usually ascends, in front of the lamina terminalis, to pass into the
longitudinal fi ssure between the cerebral hemispheres
15. AcomA anterior communicating artery, CP choroid plexus, HT hypothalamus, MB mammillary
bodies, MI massa intermedia, OC optic chiasm, PC posterior commissure, T thalamus, ThV fl
floor of the third ventricle, white asterisk opening of the Sylvius aqueduct, red arrow front door to the
third ventricle
The anterior wall of the third ventricle is given by the lamina terminalis. The roof of this ventricle is given
by the tela choroidea, which presents paired choroid plexuses.
17. Analogy
Entry of lateral ventricle from 3rd ventricle
through Foramen of Monro which is
present laterally
Entry of maxillary sinus from nose
through maxillary osteum which is
present laterally
18. CC corpus callosum, CP choroid plexus, MI massa intermedia, PC posterior commissure, T
thalamus, ThV fl floor of the third ventricle, yellow arrow opening of the Silvius aqueduct, red
asterisk suprapineal recess, white asterisk ( left ) lateral ventricle, white circles foramen of
Monro
Lateral ventricles are
located in the cerebral
hemispheres. They
communicate with the
third ventricle by the
foramen of Monro.
23. 0 degree endoscope. The endoscope is inserted into the third ventricle behind
the pituitary stalk and from the left side. The posterior part of the ventricular
cavity is explored. - - From Atlas of Endoscopic Anatomy for Endonasal lntracranial
Surgery ; Paolo Cappabianca
24. 00 endoscope. The endoscope is approached closer to
the pineal recess.
26. 30° endoscope. The endoscope is orientated upwards
and approached closer to the pineal recess. Closer
view.
27. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ( ETV) in treatment of Hydrocephalus
http://drvksgautam.blogspot.in/2014/01/role-endoscopic-third-
ventriculostomy.html
Endoscope is passed from right lateral ventricle to
third ventricle through Foramen of Monro
30. The space between a & oc is Lamina terminalis
Neuroendoscopic view of the third ventricle floor-----Infundibular recess (i), optic chiasm (oc)
and a prominent anterior commissure (a) are seen anterior to the opaque and narrow tuber cinereum (t). B
Neuroendoscopic view of the third ventricle floor in another myelomeningocele patient. A non-transparent
tuber cinereum (t) and a dilated infundibular recess (i) are seen anterior to the mamillary bodies (m). Note to
the vascular structure of the third ventricle floor. cNeuroendoscopic view showing a steep third ventricle
floor in a myelomeningocele patient. A narrow tuber cinereum (t) is visible just anterior to the mamillary
bodies (m). dNeuroendoscopic view through a very narrow prepontine cistern. Note the close proximity of
the basillary artery (ba) and clivus (cl)
32. Tuber cinereum is laterally limited by
Pcoms
Endoscopic third ventricle from posteriorly -- a.
Infundibular recess b. tuber cinereum c. mammillary
bodies
left posterior communicating artery (a),
mammillary body (b), and right posterior
hypoplasic communicating artery (c) ---
measurement performed between the posterior
communicating arteries using Geogebra software
(a-b = 11.3 mm),
33. In the descriptive analysis of the 20 specimens, the PCoAs
distance was 9 to 18.9 mm, mean of 12.5 mm, median of 12.2
mm, standard deviation of 2.3 mm.
34. See the basilar artery, PCA,SCA..... through ETV
[Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ]
35. Great teachers – All this is their work .
I am just the reader of their books .
Prof. Paolo castelnuovo
Prof. Aldo Stamm Prof. Mario Sanna
Prof. Magnan
36. For Other powerpoint presentatioins
of
“ Skull base 360° ”
I will update continuosly with date tag at the end as I am
getting more & more information
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account after clicking www.skullbase360.in