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Vendor managed inventory ppt
This document discusses different types of strategic partnering (SP) between suppliers and retailers, including quick response, continuous replenishment, advanced continuous replenishment, and vendor managed inventory. It provides examples of SP implementations between companies like Milliken and department stores, Walmart and suppliers, and Dillard's, JC Penney, and Walmart with their suppliers. The document also outlines advantages and disadvantages of SP, as well as requirements, issues, implementation steps, and examples of both successful and unsuccessful SP arrangements.
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Vendor managed inventory ppt
- 1. Strategic Partnering: Types ofSP • Quick Response: – Vendors receive POS data from retailers, and use this information to synchronize production and inventory activities at the supplier. – The retailer still prepares individual orders, but the POS data is used by the supplier to improve forecasting and scheduling. – Example: Milliken and Company: The lead time from order receipt at Milliken’s textile plants to final clothing receipt at several of the department stores involved was reduced from eighteen weeks down to three weeks.
- 2. Strategic Partnering: Types ofSP • Continuous Replenishment: Vendors receive POS data and use it to prepare shipments at previously agreed upon intervals to maintain agreed to levels of inventory. – Wal-Mart, Kmart • Advanced Continuous Replenishment: Suppliers may gradually decrease inventory levels at the retailer’s store or distribution center as long as service levels are met. Inventory levels are thus continuously improved in a structured way.
- 3. Strategic Partnering: Types ofSP • Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI):JITD – VMI Projects at Dillard Department Stores, J.C. Penney, and Wal-Mart have shown sales increases of 20 to 25 percent, and 30 percent inventory turnover improvements.
- 4. Advantages of SP •Decrease required inventory levels • Improve service levels • Decrease work duplication • Improve forecasts
- 5. Advantages of SP •Fully utilize system knowledge – Consider the partnership between White-Hall Robbins (W-R), who makes over-the-counter drugs such as Advil, and Kmart. W-R initially disagreed with Kmart about forecasts, and in this case, it turned out that W-R forecasts were more accurate because they have a much more extensive knowledge of their products than Kmart does.
- 6. Disadvantages of SP •Expensive advanced technology is required. • Supplier/retailer trust must be developed. • Supplier responsibility increases. • Expenses at the supplier often increase. –Why? How can this be addressed?
- 7. Conceptual Evolution of InventoryManagement Owner Managed Inventory Continuous Replenishment VMI Consignment Selling Direct Selling
- 8. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) VMIis essentially an integrated approach whereby the inventory at the distributor/retailer (downstream) is monitored and managed by the manufacturer/vendor (upstream)
- 9. VMI rationale …. Bypushing the decision making responsibility further up the supply chain, the manufacturer/vendor will be in a better position to support the objectives of the entire integrated supply chain resulting in sustainable competitive advantage
- 10. VMI includes … •Determining appropriate order quantities • Managing proper product mixes • Configuring appropriate safety stock
- 11. Typical Benefits to Manufacturers •Lower inventory investments (raw and finished) • Better scheduling and planning • Better market information • Closer customer ties and preferred status
- 12. Typical Benefits toRetailers • Fewer stock-out with higher inventory turnover • Better market information • More optimal product mix • Less inventory in channels (transfer costs) • Lower administrative replenishment costs
- 13. VMI Success Factors •Top management commitment • Focus on effort • Trust and partnership between supply chain stakeholders • Highly effective computer/information systems (EDI, Bar coding, Scanning) • Competent manufacturers and the ability to forecast • Willing stakeholders partners and patience
- 14. Electronic Data Interchange EDI computerto computer exchange of business transaction in a standard format
- 15. EDI Benefits … •Quick access to information • Reduced labor and material costs associated with handling paper-based business transaction • Better communication • Increases productivity • Improved tracing and expediting • Improved billing • Better customer service
- 16. Ownership of inventory •Initially, ownership transferred to retailer upon receipt of goods • Now, VMI is based on consignment relationship in which manufacturer owns goods until sold • Retailer benefit: lower inventory cost • Manufacturers benefits: better control • Supply chain benefit: system-wide cost reduction
- 17. Requirements for EffectiveSP • Advanced information systems • Top management commitment – Information must be shared – Power and responsibility within an organization might change (for example, contact with customers switches from sales and marketing to logistics) • Mutual trust – Information sharing – Management of the entire supply chain – Initial loss of revenues
- 18. Important SP Issues •Inventory ownership: – Retailer owns inventory – Supplier owns the goods until they are sold (consignment) • Why would a firm do this? • Performance measures: Fill rate, inventory level, inventory turns
- 19. Important SP Issues •Confidentiality • Communication and cooperation – When First Brands started partnering with Kmart, Kmart often claimed that its supplier was not living up to its agreement to keep two weeks of inventory at all times. It turned out that this was due to the fact that the two companies employed different forecasting methods.
- 20. Steps in SPImplementation • Contractual negotiations – – – – Ownership Credit terms Ordering decisions Performance measures • Develop or integrate information systems • Develop effective forecasting techniques • Develop a tactical decision support tool to assist in coordinating inventory management and transportation policies
- 21. Main Characteristics ofSP Criteria Decision Inventory Types Maker Ownership Quick Retailer Retailer Response Continuous Contractually Agreed Either Replenishment to Levels Party Advanced Contractually agreed Either Continuous to & Continuously Party Replenishment Improved Levels VMI Vendor Either Party New Skills Employed by vendors Forecasting Skills Forecasting & Inventory Control Forecasting & Inventory Control Retail Management
- 22. Examples of SPSuccesses and Failures • Western Publishing-Golden Books: – Western Publishing is using VMI for its Golden Books line of children’s books at several retailers. – POS data automatically triggers re-orders when inventory falls below a reorder point. – This inventory is delivered either to a distribution center, or in many cases, directly to the store. – Ownership of the books shifts to the retailer once deliveries have been made. – In the case of Toys R Us, the company has even managed the entire book section for the retailer, including inventory from suppliers other than Western Publishing. – Extra sales, increased costs to Western
- 23. Examples of SPSuccesses and Failures • VF Corporation’s Market Response System: – The VF Corporation, which has many well known brand names (including Wrangler, Lee, Girbaud, and many others), began its VMI program in 1989. – Currently, about 40 percent of its production is handled using some type of automatic replenishment scheme. – This is particularly notable because the program encompasses 350 different retailers, 40,000 store locations, and more than 15 million replenishment levels. – VF’s program is considered one of the most
- 24. Examples of SPSuccesses and Failures • Spartan Stores – Spartan Stores, a grocery chain, shut down its VMI effort about one year after its inception. – One problem was that buyers were not spending any less time on reorders than they did before – This was because they didn’t trust the suppliers enough to be able to stop carefully monitoring the inventories and deliveries of the VMI items, and intervening at the slightest hint of
- 25. Examples of SPSuccesses and Failures • Spartan Stores (continued) – Suppliers didn’t do much to allay these fears. The problems were not with the suppliers’ forecasts; instead, they were due to the suppliers’ inability to deal with promotions, which are a key part of the grocery business. – Since they were unable to appropriately account for promotions, delivery levels were often unacceptably low during these periods of peak demand.
- 26. Distributor Integration • Partsare shared across the distributor network • Specialized service requests are steered to appropriate dealers or distributors. • What is required? – – – – Trust Pledges Guarantees from the manufacturer Advanced information systems • Disadvantages – Incentives for dealers – are they giving away competitive advantages? – Skills and responsibilities are taken from some dealers/distributors. • Examples - Caterpillar, Okuma
Editor's Notes
- #17 Wal-Mart do not own most of the merchandise in their retail stores. They own them briefly as they move through the check-out counter.