This Slide is not originally mine, this was made by my cousin Karla Paz P. Amba. So, it's HERS. Hope you discover interesting facts about Broccoli. Enjoy!
The document discusses the history, botany, production, and uses of tomatoes. Tomatoes originated in South America and were introduced to Europe in the 16th century. Scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum, tomatoes are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. They have a taproot system and grow as erect or prostate plants up to 4 meters tall. Tomatoes require warm temperatures between 21-23 degrees Celsius and well-drained soil for optimal growth. Pests that affect tomatoes include fruit worms, whiteflies, and aphids. Tomatoes are self-fertile but require cross-pollination to produce fruits. They are widely cultivated and consumed globally for their nutritional and culinary benefits.
This document provides information on sprouting broccoli. It begins by identifying its botanical name and family, and notes it originated in the Mediterranean region. It then discusses the plant's morphology, composition, uses, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, planting, harvesting, and diseases and pests. It lists several varieties and concludes with physiological disorders and their causes and controls. In summary, it is a comprehensive overview of sprouting broccoli covering its botanical characteristics, cultivation practices, and common issues.
Broccoli is an important crop worldwide, with over 21 million tons produced annually. It is considered a functional food due to its high nutritional value and bioactive compounds. There are two main types of broccoli - heading broccoli which forms curds and sprouting broccoli which has loose flower buds on stalks and is more popular in India. Broccoli contains antioxidants like vitamin C and phenolic compounds, as well as glucosinolates which may help prevent cancer and other chronic diseases. Processing methods like supercritical fluid extraction are used to make broccoli powder supplements from its beneficial components.
Moringa is used for “tired blood” (anemia); arthritis and other joint pain
(rheumatism); asthma; cancer; constipation; diabetes; diarrhea; epilepsy;
stomach pain; stomach and intestinal ulcers; intestinal spasms; headache; heart
problems; high blood pressure; kidney stones; fluid retention; thyroid disorders;
and bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections.
Oil from moringa seeds is used in foods, perfume, and hair care products, and as a
machine.
Broccoli's noteworthy nutrients include vitamin C, vitamin A (mostly as beta-carotene), folic acid, calcium, and fiber. While the calcium content of one serving doesn't equal that of a glass of milk, broccoli is an important calcium source for those who don't consume dairy products.
This document provides information on the cultivation of citrus fruits. It discusses the botanical classification of citrus, describing the major commercially grown varieties such as oranges, mandarins, grapefruits and limes. It also outlines the climatic and soil requirements for citrus cultivation, fertilizer and manure application methods, and the major citrus producing countries and states in India.
Moringa oleifera, also known as the drumstick tree or horseradish tree, is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree native to the Himalayas. It is widely cultivated for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The tree produces edible leaves, pods, and seeds that are high in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Moringa can be grown in many climates and soil types and has a high tolerance for drought conditions, making it suitable for cultivation in dry, tropical areas. It is commonly grown as a food source and has uses that include water purification, herbal medicine, and as a living fence or windbreak in agroforestry systems.
This Slide is not originally mine, this was made by my cousin Karla Paz P. Amba. So, it's HERS. Hope you discover interesting facts about Broccoli. Enjoy!
The document discusses the history, botany, production, and uses of tomatoes. Tomatoes originated in South America and were introduced to Europe in the 16th century. Scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum, tomatoes are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. They have a taproot system and grow as erect or prostate plants up to 4 meters tall. Tomatoes require warm temperatures between 21-23 degrees Celsius and well-drained soil for optimal growth. Pests that affect tomatoes include fruit worms, whiteflies, and aphids. Tomatoes are self-fertile but require cross-pollination to produce fruits. They are widely cultivated and consumed globally for their nutritional and culinary benefits.
This document provides information on sprouting broccoli. It begins by identifying its botanical name and family, and notes it originated in the Mediterranean region. It then discusses the plant's morphology, composition, uses, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, planting, harvesting, and diseases and pests. It lists several varieties and concludes with physiological disorders and their causes and controls. In summary, it is a comprehensive overview of sprouting broccoli covering its botanical characteristics, cultivation practices, and common issues.
Broccoli is an important crop worldwide, with over 21 million tons produced annually. It is considered a functional food due to its high nutritional value and bioactive compounds. There are two main types of broccoli - heading broccoli which forms curds and sprouting broccoli which has loose flower buds on stalks and is more popular in India. Broccoli contains antioxidants like vitamin C and phenolic compounds, as well as glucosinolates which may help prevent cancer and other chronic diseases. Processing methods like supercritical fluid extraction are used to make broccoli powder supplements from its beneficial components.
Moringa is used for “tired blood” (anemia); arthritis and other joint pain
(rheumatism); asthma; cancer; constipation; diabetes; diarrhea; epilepsy;
stomach pain; stomach and intestinal ulcers; intestinal spasms; headache; heart
problems; high blood pressure; kidney stones; fluid retention; thyroid disorders;
and bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections.
Oil from moringa seeds is used in foods, perfume, and hair care products, and as a
machine.
Broccoli's noteworthy nutrients include vitamin C, vitamin A (mostly as beta-carotene), folic acid, calcium, and fiber. While the calcium content of one serving doesn't equal that of a glass of milk, broccoli is an important calcium source for those who don't consume dairy products.
This document provides information on the cultivation of citrus fruits. It discusses the botanical classification of citrus, describing the major commercially grown varieties such as oranges, mandarins, grapefruits and limes. It also outlines the climatic and soil requirements for citrus cultivation, fertilizer and manure application methods, and the major citrus producing countries and states in India.
Moringa oleifera, also known as the drumstick tree or horseradish tree, is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree native to the Himalayas. It is widely cultivated for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The tree produces edible leaves, pods, and seeds that are high in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Moringa can be grown in many climates and soil types and has a high tolerance for drought conditions, making it suitable for cultivation in dry, tropical areas. It is commonly grown as a food source and has uses that include water purification, herbal medicine, and as a living fence or windbreak in agroforestry systems.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable CropsNeha Verma
The document discusses the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in vegetable crops. It defines PGRs as organic compounds that can modify or control physiological processes in plants. The document covers the history and classification of PGRs such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. It describes their functions in promoting or inhibiting growth. The document also discusses commercial uses of PGRs like IAA, NAA, and GA3 to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and tuberization in various vegetable crops such as tomato, muskmelon, and okra.
The document discusses the potential benefits of the Moringa tree. It notes that every part of the Moringa tree has been used traditionally for benefits like nutrition, medicine, and other uses. Recent scientific research has found Moringa leaves to be highly nutritious, containing more of several key nutrients than common foods like carrots or milk. Studies in Senegal and Nicaragua also found Moringa helped reduce malnutrition in pregnant women and children and increased weight gain and milk production in livestock. The document argues that with intensive cultivation, Moringa could potentially provide nutrition and fodder to many people and animals.
This document discusses mutation breeding and mutation induction. It defines mutation as a heritable change in phenotype and describes two types of mutations: those caused by changes in nuclear DNA and those caused by changes in cytoplasmic DNA. It then outlines the history of mutation research and induction starting in the 1920s. The document discusses spontaneous versus induced mutations and different mutagens used to induce mutations like radiation, chemicals, and base analogues. It describes the breeding procedure for mutation breeding and screening techniques. Finally, it covers advantages, limitations, research centers involved, and some achievements of mutation breeding.
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
The document provides information about soybean production including its uses, area and production statistics, cultivation practices, and hybrid production. It discusses soybean's importance as a global crop and major source of protein and oil. Key points covered include top soybean producing countries, cultivation steps like land preparation, fertilizer application, and harvesting. Hybrid seed production techniques like emasculation and pollination are outlined. New high-yielding soybean varieties suited for different states in India are also mentioned.
This document discusses the genus Brassica, which includes important agricultural crops like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and mustard. It describes key species, varieties, uses as food and medicine, taxonomy, breeding history, pests and diseases. Important crops include cabbage, broccoli in the Botrytis and Italica groups, Brussels sprouts, and turnips. The genus has been an area of scientific interest due to its agricultural significance.
This document summarizes information about the botanical classification, morphology, propagation, cultivation, harvesting, and uses of the Thippili (Piper longum) plant. It belongs to the Piperaceae family. It is a slender, branched herb that needs support. Leaves are ovate with lobes at the base. Flowers are unisexual spikes. It is propagated through stem cuttings in nurseries from March to April. It requires hot, humid climates with annual rainfall of 1500mm. Mature fruits are harvested before ripening when firm and blackish-green. Dried fruits and roots are used as a spice and for medicinal purposes to treat liver ailments, weight loss, diabetes, infections,
Garlic has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. It contains compounds like allicin that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The document discusses garlic's taxonomy, phytochemistry, health benefits for conditions like heart disease and cancer, and traditional uses. Garlic may lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It also shows antibacterial effects and has been used to treat infections. The document covers various garlic supplements and concludes that garlic is an important area for further research on its health applications.
Citrus is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops in the world. The document discusses the origin, taxonomy, genetic diversity, and germplasm resources of citrus. It notes that citrus' center of origin is Southeast Asia and that three major centers of diversity exist in India. It also summarizes that the genus Citrus displays wide genetic variability in fruit morphology, quality, size, color, shape, acidity, and other traits, providing breeders with opportunities for improvement. National research institutes in India coordinate citrus genetic resources conservation and crop improvement efforts.
This document provides information on sweet potatoes, including that they are an important starchy crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It details that India's top producing states are Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh. Sweet potatoes are used for food and industrial purposes and provide nutrients. The document outlines ideal growing conditions, common varieties, and pests and diseases affecting sweet potato cultivation.
Bitter gourd is native to tropical Asia and is grown for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is a monoecious annual climber with pentafid calyx and rotate corolla. Flowers are pollinated by honey bees and bumble bees. Breeding objectives include early fruiting, high yield, resistance to pests and diseases. Breeding methods discussed are selection, pedigree, hybridization and mutation breeding. Self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques were described to facilitate the breeding process. Overall, there is potential to improve quality and productivity through focused breeding efforts in bitter gourd.
The presentation covers the various heath benefits of microgreens including their flavour and food use . The production and marketing is also understood in the same ppt.
Kale has recently become an extremely popular food. And guess what? It's worth all the hype!! Kale does so much good for our bodies in so many ways. Kathleen Berry-Hebert shares some of her recent kale research. You can find more from here at http://kathleenberryhebert.net
Spice as Medicine: Coriander & Cilantro, Coriandrum sativumKevin KF Ng
Coriander and cilantro have been used as spice and medicine for thousands of years. Modern science has uncovered their bioactive compounds which are beneficial for health
The document discusses Moringa oleifera, also known as the drumstick tree or horseradish tree. It grows in tropical and subtropical areas and contains a dense nutritional profile, containing vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds. Research has shown Moringa supports health in many ways, such as strengthening the immune system, supporting blood sugar and circulation, and providing anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits. It is considered a highly nutritious plant that can help address nutritional deficiencies.
This document discusses determinate and indeterminate growth habits in vegetables like tomatoes. It defines determinate growth as finite growth to a compact height, with flowering from the middle to top and downward. Indeterminate growth continues without stopping, can reach heights of 10 feet, and has flowering from the bottom up. Determinate varieties are preferred commercially due to uniform ripening, while indeterminate varieties provide a longer harvest period. The document also covers pruning practices for indeterminate varieties like removing suckers below the first flower cluster to direct energy to fruits.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This document provides a summary of potato cultivation prepared by several students. It covers the introduction, origin and history, botanical description, varieties, climatic requirements, pests and diseases, true potato seed technology, and post-harvest management of potatoes. Some key points include:
- Potatoes originated in South America and were introduced to India in the 16th-17th century.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally.
- Potato cultivation requires cool temperatures between 17-25°C for growth and 17-19°C for tuberization.
- Important potato diseases include late blight, early blight, brown rot, and wart disease.
- True potato seed technology is an effective,
This document provides an overview of walnut production technology. It discusses the botanical description of walnuts, including their origin in Southeast Europe. It outlines the key components of walnut cultivation such as varieties, propagation, planting, pruning, and harvesting. It also covers nutritional value, uses, production statistics globally and in key countries like China, Iran, and India. The document is a comprehensive reference on walnut cultivation practices.
Horse gram is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. It is a climbing herb with trifoliate leaves and papilionaceous flowers that produce linear pods containing 5-10 seeds. The plant has several varieties that are distinguished by differences in their fruit pods. Horse gram is drought-resistant and tolerant of poor soils, requiring warm temperatures between 20-30°C. It has a number of traditional medicinal uses for treating cough, flatulence, fever, and more, but can also cause harm if consumed by certain groups like pregnant women.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable CropsNeha Verma
The document discusses the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in vegetable crops. It defines PGRs as organic compounds that can modify or control physiological processes in plants. The document covers the history and classification of PGRs such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. It describes their functions in promoting or inhibiting growth. The document also discusses commercial uses of PGRs like IAA, NAA, and GA3 to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and tuberization in various vegetable crops such as tomato, muskmelon, and okra.
The document discusses the potential benefits of the Moringa tree. It notes that every part of the Moringa tree has been used traditionally for benefits like nutrition, medicine, and other uses. Recent scientific research has found Moringa leaves to be highly nutritious, containing more of several key nutrients than common foods like carrots or milk. Studies in Senegal and Nicaragua also found Moringa helped reduce malnutrition in pregnant women and children and increased weight gain and milk production in livestock. The document argues that with intensive cultivation, Moringa could potentially provide nutrition and fodder to many people and animals.
This document discusses mutation breeding and mutation induction. It defines mutation as a heritable change in phenotype and describes two types of mutations: those caused by changes in nuclear DNA and those caused by changes in cytoplasmic DNA. It then outlines the history of mutation research and induction starting in the 1920s. The document discusses spontaneous versus induced mutations and different mutagens used to induce mutations like radiation, chemicals, and base analogues. It describes the breeding procedure for mutation breeding and screening techniques. Finally, it covers advantages, limitations, research centers involved, and some achievements of mutation breeding.
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
The document provides information about soybean production including its uses, area and production statistics, cultivation practices, and hybrid production. It discusses soybean's importance as a global crop and major source of protein and oil. Key points covered include top soybean producing countries, cultivation steps like land preparation, fertilizer application, and harvesting. Hybrid seed production techniques like emasculation and pollination are outlined. New high-yielding soybean varieties suited for different states in India are also mentioned.
This document discusses the genus Brassica, which includes important agricultural crops like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and mustard. It describes key species, varieties, uses as food and medicine, taxonomy, breeding history, pests and diseases. Important crops include cabbage, broccoli in the Botrytis and Italica groups, Brussels sprouts, and turnips. The genus has been an area of scientific interest due to its agricultural significance.
This document summarizes information about the botanical classification, morphology, propagation, cultivation, harvesting, and uses of the Thippili (Piper longum) plant. It belongs to the Piperaceae family. It is a slender, branched herb that needs support. Leaves are ovate with lobes at the base. Flowers are unisexual spikes. It is propagated through stem cuttings in nurseries from March to April. It requires hot, humid climates with annual rainfall of 1500mm. Mature fruits are harvested before ripening when firm and blackish-green. Dried fruits and roots are used as a spice and for medicinal purposes to treat liver ailments, weight loss, diabetes, infections,
Garlic has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. It contains compounds like allicin that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The document discusses garlic's taxonomy, phytochemistry, health benefits for conditions like heart disease and cancer, and traditional uses. Garlic may lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It also shows antibacterial effects and has been used to treat infections. The document covers various garlic supplements and concludes that garlic is an important area for further research on its health applications.
Citrus is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops in the world. The document discusses the origin, taxonomy, genetic diversity, and germplasm resources of citrus. It notes that citrus' center of origin is Southeast Asia and that three major centers of diversity exist in India. It also summarizes that the genus Citrus displays wide genetic variability in fruit morphology, quality, size, color, shape, acidity, and other traits, providing breeders with opportunities for improvement. National research institutes in India coordinate citrus genetic resources conservation and crop improvement efforts.
This document provides information on sweet potatoes, including that they are an important starchy crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It details that India's top producing states are Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh. Sweet potatoes are used for food and industrial purposes and provide nutrients. The document outlines ideal growing conditions, common varieties, and pests and diseases affecting sweet potato cultivation.
Bitter gourd is native to tropical Asia and is grown for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is a monoecious annual climber with pentafid calyx and rotate corolla. Flowers are pollinated by honey bees and bumble bees. Breeding objectives include early fruiting, high yield, resistance to pests and diseases. Breeding methods discussed are selection, pedigree, hybridization and mutation breeding. Self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques were described to facilitate the breeding process. Overall, there is potential to improve quality and productivity through focused breeding efforts in bitter gourd.
The presentation covers the various heath benefits of microgreens including their flavour and food use . The production and marketing is also understood in the same ppt.
Kale has recently become an extremely popular food. And guess what? It's worth all the hype!! Kale does so much good for our bodies in so many ways. Kathleen Berry-Hebert shares some of her recent kale research. You can find more from here at http://kathleenberryhebert.net
Spice as Medicine: Coriander & Cilantro, Coriandrum sativumKevin KF Ng
Coriander and cilantro have been used as spice and medicine for thousands of years. Modern science has uncovered their bioactive compounds which are beneficial for health
The document discusses Moringa oleifera, also known as the drumstick tree or horseradish tree. It grows in tropical and subtropical areas and contains a dense nutritional profile, containing vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other beneficial compounds. Research has shown Moringa supports health in many ways, such as strengthening the immune system, supporting blood sugar and circulation, and providing anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits. It is considered a highly nutritious plant that can help address nutritional deficiencies.
This document discusses determinate and indeterminate growth habits in vegetables like tomatoes. It defines determinate growth as finite growth to a compact height, with flowering from the middle to top and downward. Indeterminate growth continues without stopping, can reach heights of 10 feet, and has flowering from the bottom up. Determinate varieties are preferred commercially due to uniform ripening, while indeterminate varieties provide a longer harvest period. The document also covers pruning practices for indeterminate varieties like removing suckers below the first flower cluster to direct energy to fruits.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This document provides a summary of potato cultivation prepared by several students. It covers the introduction, origin and history, botanical description, varieties, climatic requirements, pests and diseases, true potato seed technology, and post-harvest management of potatoes. Some key points include:
- Potatoes originated in South America and were introduced to India in the 16th-17th century.
- India is the second largest producer of potatoes globally.
- Potato cultivation requires cool temperatures between 17-25°C for growth and 17-19°C for tuberization.
- Important potato diseases include late blight, early blight, brown rot, and wart disease.
- True potato seed technology is an effective,
This document provides an overview of walnut production technology. It discusses the botanical description of walnuts, including their origin in Southeast Europe. It outlines the key components of walnut cultivation such as varieties, propagation, planting, pruning, and harvesting. It also covers nutritional value, uses, production statistics globally and in key countries like China, Iran, and India. The document is a comprehensive reference on walnut cultivation practices.
Horse gram is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. It is a climbing herb with trifoliate leaves and papilionaceous flowers that produce linear pods containing 5-10 seeds. The plant has several varieties that are distinguished by differences in their fruit pods. Horse gram is drought-resistant and tolerant of poor soils, requiring warm temperatures between 20-30°C. It has a number of traditional medicinal uses for treating cough, flatulence, fever, and more, but can also cause harm if consumed by certain groups like pregnant women.
Fruit as Medicine: strawberry, Fragaria AnanassaKevin KF Ng
This document provides an overview of strawberries and their potential health benefits. It begins with definitions of strawberries and their botanical classification. It then discusses the global production and consumption of strawberries, highlighting that China is the world's leading producer. The document reviews scientific studies on the nutrients, phytochemicals, and biological activities of strawberries. It summarizes various animal and human clinical studies that have found strawberries may help reduce cardiovascular risk factors, pain/inflammation, and insulin levels. The document provides a high-level view of strawberries and the research investigating their possible health applications.
Plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoidsLucyPi1
Abstract Flavonoids are natural organic compounds that are widely found in nature, their structural types are complex, and they mainly include flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, isoflavones, dihydroisoflavones, chalcones, orange ketones, flavanoids, anthocyanidins, and biflavonoids. This review covers the plant distribution and pharmacological activities of flavonoids. Flavonoids are mainly distributed in angiosperms and gymnosperms, and they are abundant in plants such as Rutaceae, Labiatae, Zingiberaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Leguminosae. Because of their wide distribution and variety, researchers have found that flavonoids have diverse biological activities, mainly focusing on anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory effects are mainly related to the NF-κB and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway and then the inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The antibacterial activity is mainly manifested as inhibitory effects on many strains, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, via destroying the stability of the microbial membrane, inhibiting the invasion of virulent bacteria into host cells, promoting the apoptosis of bacteria, inhibiting bacterial fatty acid synthesis, etc. The antitumor activity of flavonoids is related to their inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated, endoplasmic reticulum-mediated, and death factor and its receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. Understanding the plant distribution and pharmacological activity of flavonoids not only reveals the importance of identifying such valuable flavonoids in another genus or family but also provides a basis for fully exploiting the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.
This document summarizes recent research on phytochemicals. It discusses studies that examined the effects of thermal treatments and cooking methods on phytochemical content in berries and vegetables. Other studies investigated the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of black rice, hot peppers, and lettuce grown with abscisic acid. The document concludes that phytochemical content is dependent on many factors and more research is needed to understand actual health benefits.
Food as Medicine: Cavendish banana, US #1 selling FruitKevin KF Ng
The document discusses the Cavendish banana, the number one selling fruit in the US. It provides details on the history, cultivation, nutritional composition, phytochemicals, and results from clinical studies on the banana. The Cavendish banana is a sterile triploid cultivar that is propagated through runners or cloning. It is rich in nutrients like vitamin C and potassium as well as phytochemicals that may provide health benefits, though clinical studies have found mixed results. More research is still needed to better understand the health impacts of banana consumption.
Making products using food waste (autosaved)nomin borhuu
This document discusses yeast taxonomy and growth conditions. It begins by describing the structure of yeast cells and their main macromolecular components. It then covers the chemical composition of yeast cells, noting their protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and mineral content. The document also discusses yeast taxonomy, classifying yeast under the kingdom of fungi. It notes that yeast reproduction generally occurs through budding. The final section covers the conditions necessary for yeast multiplication and growth, such as nutrients, temperature, pH, and oxygen levels.
Scientific studies on watermelon as medicineKevin KF Ng
This document provides an outline for a presentation on the health benefits of watermelon. It discusses the origin and production of watermelon, its nutrient and phytochemical composition, and results from scientific studies. Preclinical studies show watermelon may help reduce blood glucose, blood pressure, and inflammation. Clinical studies suggest watermelon consumption is associated with reduced body weight and blood pressure as well as improved blood lipid and antioxidant status. Overall, the document summarizes the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of watermelon supported by preclinical and clinical research studies.
Bioprospecting involves systematically searching for useful products from biological resources like plants, microorganisms, and animals that can be developed and commercialized for societal benefit. It generally consists of four phases: sample collection, isolation and characterization of compounds, screening for potential uses, and product development and commercialization. Microbes, extremophiles, fungi, algae, and other organisms provide sources for bioprospecting and have led to discoveries like antibiotics, enzymes, bioplastics, and more. While bioprospecting has benefits, issues around benefit-sharing with indigenous groups and biopiracy must be addressed.
SPIRULINA: La microalga super alimenticia
La F.D.A. (Food and Drugs Administration, U.S.A.) organismo regulador de los alimentos y medicamentos deEE.UU., ha aprobado y auspiciado desde 1981 la utilización de la Spirulina como complemento dietario natural de uso masivo y sin contraindicaciones, aún en muy altas dosis.
La Organización de la Naciones Unidas (O.N.U.) mediante el Instituto Intergubernamental para el Uso de las Microalgas Spirulina contra la Malnutrición (IIMSAM - Intergovermental Institution for Use of Micro-Algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition - United Nations - http://www.pomun.org/), recomienda el empleo de microalgas Spirulina y alimenticias contra la malnutrición aguda en situaciones de las emergencias humanitarias, de malnutriciones de índole crónico, y para el desarrollo sostenible
This document discusses the taxonomy, roles, and significance of microorganisms in food. It begins by defining taxonomy and how microorganisms are classified. It then discusses how microorganisms are essential to breaking down foods into inorganic compounds. The primary sources of microorganisms in foods are identified as soil, water, plants, food utensils, humans/animals, and animal feeds. The roles of microorganisms in the dairy, cereal, meat, and color production industries are described. Finally, it discusses how microorganisms can be used to remove mycotoxins from contaminated foods.
Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium that is heat-resistant and can be used in food production. It has been added to baked goods. Yeast enzymes produced through recombinant methods have food applications. Probiotics like certain Bifidobacteria strains can extend the shelf life of foods like fish and shrimp by inhibiting harmful bacteria. Probiotic bacteria have potential for use in fruit juices and dairy products. They may also improve immune function and help treat conditions like HIV in children by boosting the immune system. Vegetables and fruits can also act as carriers for probiotics. Probiotic survival in foods like ice cream has been demonstrated without affecting sensory properties.
The document discusses genetic modification, biotechnology, and cloning. It begins by defining genetic modification as the transfer of genes between species, allowing the recipient to gain new properties. It then discusses applications in medicine like using genetic engineering to produce insulin in bacteria to treat diabetes. The document also addresses genetically modified organisms and both the potential benefits and risks of genetic modification, which are still an ongoing debate. It concludes by explaining natural and artificial methods of cloning plants and animals.
The chapter written contributes towards the book published by OMICS USA for the book Progress in Biotechnology for Food Applications edited by Wing-Fu-Lai.
This study examined the growth kinetics of Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 on different carbohydrates as energy sources, including inulin-type fructans. Small- and large-scale fermentations showed that B. animalis grew poorly on monosaccharides but preferentially metabolized shorter oligofructose chains, depleting them before metabolizing longer chains. Acetic acid was the major metabolite produced, along with initial high levels of lactic acid and later formic acid production, suggesting a shift in sugar metabolism for growth on oligofructose.
Similar to Vegetable as Medicine: Broccoli, Brassica oleracea (20)
The Use of Vitamin D in Chronic DiseasesKevin KF Ng
This is a slide presentation delivered at the Webinar "Integrative Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases" organized by Bio Quantum Academy on April 5-6, 2024.
Synergistic actions of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2Kevin KF Ng
The active vitamin D3 is calcitriol. The active vitamin K2 is hydroquinone. The combination of vitamin D3 with vitamin K2 protects patients at risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
Target pain receptors with essential oilsKevin KF Ng
Topical essential oils have been used to relieve pain from time immemorial. The recent discoveries of pain receptors and their blockade by bioactive compounds in essential oils explain their mechanisms of action.
The medicinal properties of mushrooms had been recognized more than 5,000 years ago. Modern science has discovered that these medicinal properties are associated with beta-glucans which are complex forms of sugars. China and Japan had approved Maitake, turkey tail, and shiitake mushrooms as drugs.
Solution for chronic inflammatory diseasesKevin KF Ng
Life expectancy in the United States declined by 2.93 years in 2023. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer stroke, and lung disease continue to rise. Evidence is presented that chronic inflammation can be reduced by using food as medicine
A new conept of topical pain relief by phytochemicalsKevin KF Ng
The recent discoveries of nociceptive transient receptive ion channels as pain receptors and its blockade by phytochemicals opens a new era for topical pain research .
CBD has been widely used for various medical conditions ranging from pain relief to epilepsy. However, its mechanism of action has yet to be defined. Current concepts are presented in these slides.
Food is unpalatable without herbs and spices. Recent discoveries of ion channels as the final pathway for pain perception and their blockade by phytochemicals from herbs and spices opens a new era for the topical treatment of painful conditions in man.
Clove is a versatile spice and medicineKevin KF Ng
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the
family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia
and are commonly used as a spice. Their flavor, medicinal properties and high value sparked off the Dutch-Portuguese war from 1602 to 1654. The main bioactive compound called eugenol has been found to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory , immuno-modulatory, anticancer and organ protective properties .
Answers to a poll on how many cells are replaced every day.Kevin KF Ng
A poll was conducted on LinkedIn from May 4 to May 10, 2023 asking how many cells in an adult body are replaced every day. The poll received answers linking to scientific articles that discuss the numbers and mass of cells in the body, as well as the rates of cell replacement. These articles conclude that billions of cells in the body are replaced each day, with high turnover rates in the skin, blood, and digestive tract.
The first slide presentation on black pepper was posted in June 2019. It has since attracted more than 10,000 viewers. This is an update on recent advances for the viewers and followers.
Chicken soup has long been consumed around the world for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. A modern "super chicken soup" recipe adds shitake mushrooms to provide flavor, boost immunity, and enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of the ingredients. The soup contains chicken, vegetables, herbs, and spices that contain amino acids and phytochemicals shown to reduce inflammation. To make it, boil water and add sliced chicken, onions, garlic, ginger, shitake mushrooms and cook for 15 minutes, seasoning with salt and pepper.
How chicken soup relieves common cold symptomsKevin KF Ng
Chicken soup has been used as food and medicine for more than 2,000 years. Modern science shows that the cysteine in chicken meat and phytochemicals in he ingredients account for their therapeutic effects
Soy sauce originated in China more than two thousand years ago. Its composition was modified with the addition of wheat in Japan in 1254 CE. Its unique aroma, taste and flavor will continue to be enjoyed for years to come. Soy sauce produced by chemical process is no match to the sauce made by fermentation method.
Kumquat is a symbol of prosperity with health benefitsKevin KF Ng
Kumquat has been used by the Chinese as food and medicine for thousands of years. It is also a symbol of prosperity and usually offered as gift to relatives and friends. This presentation is posted as gift to all my followers and friends in the social media, Recent studies showed that Kumquat has many properties beneficial for health.
You are what you eat and its effect on obesityKevin KF Ng
Lindlahr coined the phrase "You are what you eat" in 1942. A poll in LinkedIn shows that 93% of voters still uphold the belief. However, the trend of overweight and obesity from 1902 to 2000
in the United States is still climbing uploads. The death rate from obesity in the United Stats is four times higher than of Japan. This could be attributed to Japan's low rate of obesity, low consumption of red meat and high consumption fish and plant foods such as soybeans and tea.
Food is unpalatable if there is no taste or flavor. Salt has been used as a flavor for 10,000 years. A poll among LinkedIn followers shows that spice and herb is the top flavor enhancer.
Chinese philosophy and the applications of Yin Yang and the Five Elements Kevin KF Ng
The philosophy and applications of Yin Yang and the Five Elements in Chinese Culture covering nature, human body, senses, tastes, diseases and medicine.
Saffron refers to the stigmas of a flower crocus sativus. 1 lb of saffron costs USD3,000-6,000. It has been used as a coloring agent, flavor enhancer and medicine for more than five thousand years. Recent scientific studies had revealed its biological properties beneficial for health.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
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Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
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5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
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Vegetable as Medicine: Broccoli, Brassica oleracea
1. VEGETABLE AS MEDICINE:
BROCCOLI,
BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. ITALICA
By
Kevin KF Ng, MD PhD.
Former Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Clinical Pharmacology
University of Miami, Miami, FL., USA
Email: kevinng68@gmail.com
A slide presentation for HealthCare Providers June 2020
2. America's favorite vegetable is broccoli (2018)
open-ended survey from April 20 to May 4 of 2018 that polled nearly
4,000 Americans across the nation
https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/americas-favorite-vegetable-is-broccoli-survey-says
3. Outline of Lecture
▪ Broccoli: origin, US production
▪ Scientific classification
▪ Anatomy and varieties
▪ Nutrient composition
▪ Bioactive compounds
▪ Bioavailability of glucosinolates
▪ Pharmacological properties
▪ Meta-analysis of clinical studies
▪ Summary
4. Origin of Broccoli
▪ Broccoli, botanically known as Brassica oleracea italica, is
native to the Mediterranean
▪ It is a human invention that was bred by Italian farmers
more than 2,000 years ago.
▪ The word broccoli comes from the Italian plural of broccolo,
which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage.“
▪ It was introduced to England and America in the 1700s
5. Top Broccoli and Cauliflower Production Countries
http://chartsbin.com/view/39898
7. Some examples of species of Brassica oleracea
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Glucosinolates-and-isothiocyanates-from-
broccoli-Shimoda-Hirano/6d4a5155ec2cdf9aceed4a924b89d111b6d18414
8. Number of publications on “Broccoli” in PubMed from
1929 to 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Broccoli
Total 20,185
11. Nutrient composition of 100 g of raw broccoli
https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/747447/nutrients
12. Nutrient and phytochemical compositions of
100 g of raw broccoli
https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/747447/nutrients
13. What are phytochemicals?
▪ Phytochemicals are bioactive chemical compounds
produced by plants.
▪ They help plants to thrive or defend against competitors,
predators, or pathogens.
▪ Some phytochemicals are used as poisons and others as
traditional medicine.
▪ The examples of phytochemicals in broccoli are:
▪ carotenoids
▪ phenolics
▪ glucosinolates
▪ Phytochemicals are not essential nutrients but are
beneficial for human health.
Most widely studied
14. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites
https://www.intechopen.com/books/oxidative-stress-and-chronic-degenerative-diseases-a-role-
for-antioxidants/food-phenolic-compounds-main-classes-sources-and-their-antioxidant-power
Glucosinolates
15. Chemical structure of glucosinolate
••
•
•
•
•
•
• R: Aliphatic, Aromatic, Indole
glucosinolate
16. Glucosinolates and Respective Derivatives (Isothiocyanates)
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-51639-4_1
17. Concentrations of glucosinolates in the florets of
8 reference broccoli cultivars (two commercial cultivars and six trial cultivars)
grown in the field. •
https://journals.ashs.org/jashs/view/journals/jashs/139/4/article-p460.xml
•
•
18. Sulforaphane content in different Italian broccoli landraces
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sulforaphane-content-in-different-Italian-broccoli-landraces-conteudo-de-sulforafano-em_fig3_291014969
21. Effect of the enzyme (myrosinase) on glucosinulate
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6885086/
22. Effect of pH on specific activity of broccoli myrosinase
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/6/1313/htm
23. Anticancer properties of isothiocyantes
▪ Modulation of phase I and II enzymes
▪ Inhibition of cell growth by causing cell
cycle arrest and inducing cell death
▪ Prevention of metastasis and
angiogenesis
▪ Regulation of the epigenetic machinery
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/4/106/htm
25. Mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds in Brassicaceae.
https://www.iris.unina.it/retrieve/handle/11588/696754/156335/Raiola%20et%20al%202018.pdf
26. The formation of sulforaphane from glucoraphanin
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-myrosinase-reaction-and-
the-interconversion-of-sulforaphane-and-erucin-The_fig3_228104419
27. Physicochemical properties of sulforaphane
▪ Sulforaphane is a small molecule with a
▪ molecular weight of 177.28 g/mol
▪ molecular formula is C6H11NOS2
▪ melting point between 58.6 and 91.2 °C
▪ Although glucoraphanin is hydrophilic,
sulforaphane, like other isothiocyanates, is
typically an aliphatic lipophilic molecule.
29. Anti-diabetic effect of sulforaphane: amylase inhibition assay
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/95c6/bbe8a2364cb915823c02fda9e44a70d14750.pdf
sulforaphane
30. Effects of highly concentrated SFN (sulforaphane) provided as BSE
(broccoli sprout extract) in T2D patients. (2017)
https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/394/eaah4477HOMA-IR = Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
31. Anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane on NF-κB pathways and
antioxidant effect on Nrf2 pathway (2019)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6885086/
Activates Inhibits
Anti-inflammationAnti-oxidation
32. The formation of Indole-3-carbinol from glucobrassicin
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Breakdown-of-glucosinolates-adapted-from-3_fig1_6489397
33. Formation of 3,3’-diindolymethane (DIM) from Indole-3-carbinol (I3C)
https://supplementsinreview.com/testosterone/diindolylmethane-dim-testosterone/
Inactive ActivePrecursor
35. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM)
regulate the expression of phase I metabolizing enzymes via AHR pathway
https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/500
36. Overview of DIM’s (Diindolylmethane’s) Anti-Cancer and
Immune Modulating Properties
https://www.diindolylmethane-dim.com/molecular_biology.htm#.XrdWdmhKiUk
Diindolylmethane
39. Fate of glucosinolates and their breakdown products
in the human gut.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2016.00024/full
40. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of sulforaphane
following administration of dietary doses in rat
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/286622/3/Natalya-PK.pdf
•
•
41. Comparative bioavailability of phytochemicals commonly used
in dietary supplements (2019)
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2019/2716870/
42. Effects of cooking on sulforaphane content in Broccolini
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/7/257/htm
43. Health Benefits of Broccoli
▪ Packed with dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds
▪ Antioxidants: glucoraphane when converted to sulforaphane
▪ Anti-inflammatory: flavonoids e.g. kaempferol
▪ Immuno-modulatory: glucobrassicin when converted to diindolylemethane
▪ Anti-cancer activity in vitro:
▪ Breast
▪ Prostate
▪ Stomach
▪ Colon
▪ Kidney
▪ Bladder
▪ Anti-diabetic
▪ Anti-hyperlipidemia
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/benefits-of-broccoli#section14
45. What is meta-analysis: evidence-based medicine
https://rdfeinman.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/meta-anal_whatis.png
46. Example of a Meta-analysis: Hierarchy of evidence in clinical studies
use of statistical methods to summarise the results of these studies.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049418/
Example
47. Cruciferous vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk:
a systematic review (2009)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735794/
48. Cruciferous vegetables intake reduced the risk of breast cancer:
A meta-analysis (2012)
https://www.thebreastonline.com/article/S0960-9776(12)00164-6/fulltext
49. Cruciferous Vegetables Intake Is Associated with
Lower Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma:
Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies 2013
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0075732
50. Cruciferous vegetable consumption reduced the risk of
pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis (2015)
https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-015-0454-4
53. Summary
▪ Broccoli originated in Italy and was introduced to America in the 1700s.
▪ Broccoli is America’s favorite vegetable in 2018.
▪ Besides macronutrients and micronutrients, broccoli is rich in
phytochemicals: carotenoids, phenolics and glucosinolates.
▪ The notable glucosinolates are glucoraphanin, glucobrasicin and their
active metabolites sulfurophane and diindolylmethane
▪ These bioactive compounds have been widely studied for the following
properties: antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antidiabetic, and
anti-hyperlipidemia.
▪ Favorable results are seen in all clinical studies.