Update on the evidence to support deprescribing, a presentation by David Erskine, Director – London & South East Medicine Information Service (July 2017).
Classifying Readmissions of Diabetic Patient EncountersMayur Srinivasan
Readmission rates in hospitals are a key indicator on quality of patient care and a clear indication of total cost or inconvenience related to the treatment. Patients with serious medical
conditions such as diabetes mellitus are key drivers of readmission rates owing to the complexity of their illness. Therefore, being able to predict based on certain features whether or not a patient
will need readmission can help doctors and hospitals provide better care initially and not get financially penalized under Obamacare’s readmission policy
Update on the evidence to support deprescribing, a presentation by David Erskine, Director – London & South East Medicine Information Service (July 2017).
Classifying Readmissions of Diabetic Patient EncountersMayur Srinivasan
Readmission rates in hospitals are a key indicator on quality of patient care and a clear indication of total cost or inconvenience related to the treatment. Patients with serious medical
conditions such as diabetes mellitus are key drivers of readmission rates owing to the complexity of their illness. Therefore, being able to predict based on certain features whether or not a patient
will need readmission can help doctors and hospitals provide better care initially and not get financially penalized under Obamacare’s readmission policy
Learn about the medical documentation rules in the 1997 E&M Guidelines that are used by Medicare, Medicaid, and virtually all insurers to determine the value of many healthcare services like office visits and hospital admissions.
Laos: Hospital treatment costs and tertiary careHealthSpace.Asia
The Regional Forum on Health Care Financing on its 2nd day (3 May 2012) started with a keynote from Prof. Soonman Kwon on Asia health financing experience. Other presentations covered the issue of hospital financing and primary care financing. Very insightful as the first day.
CUA is a formal economic technique for assessing the efficien
cy of healthcare interventions. It is
considered by some to be a specific type of cost effectiveness analysis in which the measure of
effectiveness is a utility or preference adjusted outcome.
The objective of this study was to observe the 1-year and 2-year pressure reduction in an active population of glaucoma patients treated by selective laser trabeculoplasty. We carried out a retrospective study of all patients treated in our department between January 2015 and March 2016. Patients who had already undergone Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT or SLT) in the past were excluded from the study. Treatment was performed with a Q-Switched, frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (Solutis - Quantel Medical, France), over 180° or 360° of the trabecular meshwork. The mean decrease in intraocular pressure and the success zrate, defi ned as a decrease in intraocular pressure superior to 20% without increasing the medical treatment, were calculated. The impact of the different clinical and technical characteristics on the decrease in pressure was also studied by multivariate analysis. One hundred and seventeen eyes, in 74 patients, were included. The mean decrease in IOP from baseline was 4.35 mmHg (20.6%) at 1 year and 3.74 mmHg (16.7%) at 2 years. The success rate was 49% at 1 year and 33.3% at 2 years. Selective trabeculoplasty is currently a therapeutic option called-upon at different stages in the progression of glaucoma. The duration of effi cacy of this laser therapy, and the retreatment frequency are yet to be defined.
Presentation for UP MSHI HI201 Health Informatics class under Dr. Iris Tan and Dr. Mike Muin. Check out my blog - http://jdonsoriano.wordpress.com/2014/10/09/fitting-the-pi…making-it-work/
Learn about the medical documentation rules in the 1997 E&M Guidelines that are used by Medicare, Medicaid, and virtually all insurers to determine the value of many healthcare services like office visits and hospital admissions.
Laos: Hospital treatment costs and tertiary careHealthSpace.Asia
The Regional Forum on Health Care Financing on its 2nd day (3 May 2012) started with a keynote from Prof. Soonman Kwon on Asia health financing experience. Other presentations covered the issue of hospital financing and primary care financing. Very insightful as the first day.
CUA is a formal economic technique for assessing the efficien
cy of healthcare interventions. It is
considered by some to be a specific type of cost effectiveness analysis in which the measure of
effectiveness is a utility or preference adjusted outcome.
The objective of this study was to observe the 1-year and 2-year pressure reduction in an active population of glaucoma patients treated by selective laser trabeculoplasty. We carried out a retrospective study of all patients treated in our department between January 2015 and March 2016. Patients who had already undergone Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT or SLT) in the past were excluded from the study. Treatment was performed with a Q-Switched, frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser (Solutis - Quantel Medical, France), over 180° or 360° of the trabecular meshwork. The mean decrease in intraocular pressure and the success zrate, defi ned as a decrease in intraocular pressure superior to 20% without increasing the medical treatment, were calculated. The impact of the different clinical and technical characteristics on the decrease in pressure was also studied by multivariate analysis. One hundred and seventeen eyes, in 74 patients, were included. The mean decrease in IOP from baseline was 4.35 mmHg (20.6%) at 1 year and 3.74 mmHg (16.7%) at 2 years. The success rate was 49% at 1 year and 33.3% at 2 years. Selective trabeculoplasty is currently a therapeutic option called-upon at different stages in the progression of glaucoma. The duration of effi cacy of this laser therapy, and the retreatment frequency are yet to be defined.
Presentation for UP MSHI HI201 Health Informatics class under Dr. Iris Tan and Dr. Mike Muin. Check out my blog - http://jdonsoriano.wordpress.com/2014/10/09/fitting-the-pi…making-it-work/
Dr John Wren
Principal Researcher Advisor
New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation
PO Box 242, Wellington, New Zealand
john.wren@acc.co.nz
(P23, Thursday 27, Civic Room 3, 1.30)
Health co morbidity effects on injury compensation claims in NZ, and evidence...John Wren
This PPT presents the results of a suite of research undertaken to explore the evidence for health comorbidity effects on the cost of injury compensation claims, and what might be done about them. Comorbidity effects were shown to add approximately 10% extra to the cost of claims. There is good evidence that workplace health and wellness programmes are effective if well designed
These slides are from the Dartmouth Jones Lecture of May 2008 by Benjamin Littenberg. They describe the development and evaluation of the Vermedx Diabetes Information System
This study uses consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data from 2003-2012 to concurrently model obese body size (c.f., normal weight) main effects, moderated by nondiabetic moderate 10-year ASCVD risk (c.f., 30-year and diabetic), on total medical cost outcomes.
• Minors, seniors 76+, outlier diseases, and pregnant women were excluded, resulting in 192,447,424 weighted or 22,510 unweighted participants.
Helping Corporations reduce health care cost while by optimizing employee health with simple on site biometric testing, weekly phone conferences, as well as personal coaching and online tracking.
Reducing Stroke Readmissions in Acute Care Setting.docxdanas19
Reducing Stroke Readmissions in Acute Care Setting
Contents
Introduction: 2
Objective of the study: 3
Readmission Factors: 3
Statins: 3
Long term care: 4
Demographics: 4
Personal Reflections: 4
Events: 4
Empirical Evidence: 6
Interventions for discharged patients: 6
TRACS: 7
COMPASS: 7
MISTT: 8
Clinical requirement: 8
Timeline: 8
Collaboration with the preceptor: 8
Proposed evaluative criteria: 9
Evaluative criteria discussed: 9
Conclusion: 9
Bibliography 10
Introduction:
Stroke refers to a cardiovascular disease which has been one of the leading reasons for deaths and long term disability. A stroke is an abrupt onset of a neurological deficit led by a vascular rupture or blockage that reduces the blood flow to brain. Subsequently, causing death to the tissue in the brain region if interruption of the blood flow persists. The indications of stroke vary, but may include the loss of function to one side of the body, the inability to speak or talk, and reduced vision or severe headache (Poston, 2018).
Issue: Discovery Research
Over time, the financial penalties on readmissions to the hospital have been taking place, which is promoting hospitals to take measures to reduce the instance of readmissions. A variety of interventions are taking place on different levels to ensure that pre and post discharge care is in place to avoid readmissions. The efficacy of interventions is dependent on the variety of components. Single component interventions are least effective and tend to have no effect on readmissions to the hospitals. Patients that are discharged to post-acute care accommodations are subjected to multi-component interventions and readmissions have dropped drastically. These interventions work through communication, advanced planning of care, and training to tackle simple medical issues that might cause readmissions. The availability of risk stratification methods have made it easier for the hospitals to give more care and attention to the patients that are more likely to get readmitted. Home based services are provided to ensure proper medical care for the patients.
This capstone project attempts to discuss the factors causing the readmissions of stroke patients to the hospitals. The past 20 years have proven to be important in acute and inpatient stroke care however, quality of post-acute care varies specially for the patients that are discharged to home. (Condon, Lycan, & Duncan, 2016). Different reasons for stroke readmissions are to be examined in this capstone project. Expected Outcomes: Discovery Research
This project aims to take into account the reasons of stroke and readmissions after being treated for stroke. Stroke is the second primary reason of readmissions in the hospital. Major readmissions comprise of elderly people. 20-70% people who survive stroke are readmitted in the first year of their treatment (Bravata, Ho, Meehan, & Brass, 2006). Poor health conditions and high treatment costs both account for the l.
Prof David Hunter - Meeting the Challenge - Does the new NHS promote or hinde...Cumbria Partnership
'Meeting the Challenge of Long Term Conditions: Does the new NHS promote or hinder cooperation and integration?' - Professor David Hunter (Professor of Health Policy and Management at Durham University) from the Cumbria Neuroscience Conference
The investigation (summarized in the attached slides) analyzed how at-risk obese/overweight patients interact with beneficial interventions (2013 AHA/ACC risk, cholesterol, obesity and lifestyle prevention guidelines). The study estimated the savings potential if overweight/obese patients in the ACC/AHA four statin benefit groups stepped-down one risk level.
Title: Cost Of Obesity-Based Heart Risk In The Context Of Preventive And Managed Care Decision-Making: An NHANES Cross-Sectional Concurrent Study
By: John Frias Morales
The Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) opens the door to a wealth of opportunities for hospitals and physician groups. They are beginning to adapt to the new pay-for-performance and bundled payment systems and develop population-based care management programs. While the goal of ACA is to hold hospitals and physicians jointly responsible for quality and cost of care, the new payment models span the entire care continuum, including primary care physicians (PCPs), specialists, hospitals, post-acute care, and re-admissions. The biggest winners will be those who can improve quality of care while driving down costs. Those that focus first on preventive care for top chronic illnesses will be the first to cross the finish line.
An analysis of the potential to achieve expected reductions in life expectancy from recommended interventions (reviewing the implications of a national modelling exercise)
Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Ambulatory Blood P.docxrobert345678
Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients
Presented by
Chinyere Christiana Pamugo
1
DNP 965: Final Oral Presentation
December 13, 2022
A Direct Practice Improvement Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Nursing Practice
2
Investigator’s background
Registered Nurse for XXX years
3
Topic’s background
Many individuals are unaware of the symptoms for hypertension, which makes it a top priority to educate patients and their families.
In the United States, over 37 million individuals are affected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021; Krist et al., 2021).
The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association guidelines for hypertension management and definition of HTN defines it as having a blood pressure at or above 130/80 mmHg (The American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, 2018). At the same time, stage 2 HTN is blood pressure at or above 140/90mmHg (CDC., 2021).
4
Topic’s background
Complications of the condition include myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic renal disease, and stroke (Ghatage et al., 2021).
American Heart Association Task Force (AHA) published new guidelines to help manage the increase of the disease (Wang et al., 2019).
Purpose statement
The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental project was to determine if or to what degree the translation of Saco-Ledo et al.’s research on aerobic exercise would impact ambulatory blood pressure when compared to current practice among adult hypertensive patients in a primary care clinic in southwest Texas over four weeks
6
problem statement
It was not known if or to what degree the translation of Saco-Ledo et al.’s research on aerobic exercise would impact ambulatory blood pressure when compared to current practice among adult hypertensive patients
7
Identified problem
At the clinical site, there were no standardized guidelines for clinicians to educate hypertensive patients regarding implementing daily physical activity as a blood pressure management mechanism.
Collaboration with the medical director and some of the nursing staff showed an increase of 37.1% in diagnosed HTN patients within the past six months. The clinic’s findings corresponded with the health statistics from the Texas Department of State Health Services (2022), as the county ranks 22 in the States with diagnosed hypertensive patients
8
Significance of the project
Implementing a recommended evidence-based strategy by the AHA guideline regarding aerobic exercise
Commodore-Mensah et al. (2018) state that the financial prices are significant, approximately $131-198 billion annually
This project could help decrease the financial costs associated with the disease
Hypertensive persons incu.
The Hidden Risk That Is Tearing Your Company Apart Acbg 3 30 10leanhealthguru
The ACBG Edge is an process that allows construction companies manage the health and productivity risk of their employees. This complements American Construction Benefits Group\’s Lean Health Insurance Advantage. Together, these construction wellness processes create champion companies in 3 short years.
Similar to Value of Medication Adherence in Chronic Vascular Disease: Fixed Effects Models of Health Services Utilization and Cost (20)
Dollars to Doughnuts: Predicting Prescription Drug Costs of Beneficiaries and...M. Christopher Roebuck
ABSTRACT
Title
Dollars to Doughnuts: Predicting Prescription Drug Costs of Beneficiaries and the Medicare Program Under Part D
Authors
M. Christopher Roebuck, MBA1
Dominick Esposito, PhD2
Meredith Lewis, BS1
1 Caremark, Hunt Valley, MD
2 Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, NJ
Research Objective
To examine drug utilization and out-of-pocket costs of Medicare beneficiaries using a Medicare prescription drug discount card, including beneficiaries who qualified for the Transitional Assistance Program (TAP).
Study Design
Data included eligibility and prescription claims for enrollees in 34 separate Medicare drug discount card programs managed by Caremark. We used claims data to calculate annualized utilization and costs for beneficiaries and, in turn, simulated Medicare beneficiaries’ out-of-pocket costs (excluding premiums) and costs to Medicare under the Part D benefit. We estimated a generalized linear model (GLM; gamma distribution with log link function) for both beneficiary costs and Medicare payments under Part D to identify factors associated with drug expenditures. A probit model for the likelihood of falling into the doughnut hole was also specified. Explanatory variables in the models included demographic characteristics (age, gender, region, and TAP status), the generic dispensing rate, and 62 disease indicators derived using a pharmacy-based classification system.
Population Studied
Beneficiaries enrolled for a minimum of six months with at least one claim between June 2004 and November 2005 (n=37,425). Participants were largely female (67%), between the ages of 65 and 80 (70%), and had an average of 2.2 medical conditions, with hypertension (52%), hypercholesterolemia (27%), and diabetes (16%) being among the most prevalent.
Principal Findings
On average, beneficiaries in the sample filled 19 prescriptions at an annual cost of $538. Under the standard Part D benefit, mean total drug expenditures for these seniors would be $849 annually with $412 paid by the beneficiary and $437 paid by Medicare. About 6% of these beneficiaries have annual spending greater than $2,250 (the benefit’s “doughnut hole”). TAP beneficiaries (46%) would have higher out-of-pocket costs under Part D than the drug discount card ($429 versus $256; p<0><0><0><0.001).
Conclusions
TAP beneficiaries who do not qualify for subsidized coverage under Part D will face higher out-of-pocket costs than under the discount drug card program, assuming fixed drug utilization. Increased use of generic drugs in proportion to brand name drugs would benefit the Medicare program more than beneficiaries, on average, due to the standard benefit’s structure.
Implications for Policy, Delivery, and Practice
In choosing whether or not to enroll in Medicare Part D, seniors will compare their annual premium with the expected payout of the Medicare program. These results suggest the average, risk-neutral beneficiary would only enroll at monthly premiums below $36 ($437 divided by 12). If faced with higher out-of-pocket costs, low-income beneficiaries who do not qualify for subsidies may reduce their prescription drug utilization potentially resulting in adverse health effects. Finally, to reduce costs to both beneficiaries and taxpayers, Medicare should promote the substitution of generic medications whenever possible. Assuming 29 million Medicare Part D enrollees, the Medicare program could save more than $1.2 billion annually by increasing the generic dispensing rate 10%.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
Value of Medication Adherence in Chronic Vascular Disease: Fixed Effects Models of Health Services Utilization and Cost
1. Value of Medication Adherence in Chronic Vascular Disease: Fixed Effects Models of Health Services Utilization and Cost M. Christopher Roebuck Director, Health Economics Co-Authors: Liberman, J.; Gemmill-Toyama, M.; Brennan, T. American Society of Health Economists 3 rd Biennial Conference Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Monday, June 21, 2010 8:30-10:00am (Hollister 306)