Transformation to fuels with increased heating value.

1. Valorization of organic waste by means
of Compression Frictional Treatment
Transformation to fuels with increased
heating value
S. Vakalis, R. Heimann, A. Talley, N. Heimann, M. Baratieri
Albi, May 23rd 2016
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2. What is Compression Frictional Treatment ?
• Novel method for converting/ upgrading materials
• Emulates processes like drying, pyrolysis and gasification
• Requires no external heat source
• Utilizes solely friction and compression
• Takes place in a Rotary Compression Unit (RCU)
• Capable of processing inconventional fuels
• corn stover, poultry litter, and anaerobic digestate
• Altering the process mechanics of the CFT results to different range of
products
• dried biomass
• coal/ charcoal
Vakalis et al. - Valorization of organic waste by means of Compression Frictional Treatment 2
 FRICTIONAL PYROLYSIS

3. Process of Frictional Pyrolysis
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5. Transforming corn stover into charcoal
Corn Stover Frictional Pyr.
C (% db) 42.5 53.2
H (% db) 5.5 4.6
N (% db) 1.1 1.4
O (% db) 36.08 18.27
Ash (% wb) 13.41 20.73
H2O (% wb) 9,5 8
HHV (MJ/kg) 18.235 21.249
5Vakalis et al. - Valorization of organic waste by means of Compression Frictional Treatment
Further info:
S. Vakalis, R. Heimann, A. Talley, N. Heimann, M. Baratieri. (2016). Introduction to
frictional pyrolysis (FP) – An alternative method for converting biomass to solid
carbonaceous products. Fuel 175. pp. 49 – 56.

6. Frictional treatment of organic waste
• By adjusting the RCU unit to less severe conditions
it is possible to dry and partially carbonize waste streams.
• Applied examples for poultry litters and anaer. digestate
which are co-treated with lignocellulosic biomass
• The products act as a slow release fertilizer
• Alternative to composting + drying
• Steralization: The RCU typically exceeds material
temperatures of over 150°C where most bacteria
are destroyed.
• Applied examples for Aflatoxin B1, Escherichia coli and
Enterobacters in poultry litter.
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7. 7

8. Results – HHV and moisture
Poultry droppings
• Moisture content decreased from 50% to 21.5%
• Final HHV reached 18 MJ/kg.
Anaerobic Digestate
• The moisture content decreased
from 69.49% to approximately 11.79% moisture
• Final HHV from 17.9 MJ/kg to 22.4 MJ/kg.
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9. Results – Aflatoxin (B1) reduction experiment
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10. Results - Escherichia coli & Enterobacters
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11. Conclusions
• Rotary Compression Unit allows the conversion of organic waste
streams into higher value products.
• Lower moisture, increased heating value
• The RCU makes an ideal solution to utilizing low value and abundant
biomass streams
• RCU also shows toxin- and bacteria - destroying capabilities
• These products can be used as a coal substitute, for soil remediation
and as fertilizer.
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12. Thank you for your attention!
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Vakalis et al. - Valorization of organic waste by means of Compression Frictional Treatment