This document summarizes key information about various vaccines and immunization schedules in India. It provides details on vaccines for BCG, oral polio, hepatitis B, Hib, DPT, pneumococcal, hepatitis A, typhoid and rotavirus. For each vaccine, it outlines the type, composition, indications, dosage, schedule, administration method, adverse reactions, contraindications, storage and additional notes. The document is intended to serve as a reference for healthcare professionals on the national immunization schedule and guidelines in India.
This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This presentation is a part 2/4 of series of presentation on Paediatric immunization.This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This document discusses special situations and adverse events following immunization. It provides guidance on vaccinating preterm/low birth weight infants, those receiving corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy, children with malignancies, congenital immunodeficiencies, chronic diseases, allergies, bleeding disorders, or acute illness. It recommends that most vaccines can be administered according to chronological age for preterm/low birth weight infants. It also provides specific guidance on contraindications and precautions for different groups.
This document provides information on the national immunization schedules for infants and children in India. It includes the vaccines recommended, the ages at which they should be administered, dosage, route of administration, maximum age limits, and storage requirements. Key details provided for individual vaccines include dose, administration route and site, adverse reactions, contraindications, schedules, and cold chain storage temperatures. The schedules outline the vaccines recommended by the national program as well as by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics.
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte requirements in newborns. It notes that total body water is divided between intracellular and extracellular spaces, with sodium being the main extracellular ion and potassium the main intracellular ion. Fluid volumes are regulated by sodium and potassium salts in each compartment. Principles of fluid management include maintaining appropriate extracellular fluid volume and osmolality. Factors like gestational age, postnatal age, and weight loss influence fluid needs. Guidelines are provided for initial daily fluid requirements based on birth weight and monitoring fluid status through weight, clinical exam, serum and urine tests.
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte physiology in neonates. It covers developmental changes from intrauterine life through childhood and how this affects total body water, extracellular fluid, and intracellular fluid levels at different ages. It also discusses fluid shifts that occur during labor, delivery, and the postnatal period. Guidelines are provided for estimating insensible water loss and determining intravenous fluid and electrolyte requirements for term and preterm neonates of different gestational ages and weights.
This document describes the case of a 10-day-old infant presenting with signs of shock including tachycardia, poor perfusion, and decreased urine output. Examinations revealed hepatomegaly and other signs suggestive of shock. Investigations showed metabolic acidosis and low blood sugar. The infant did not respond to initial fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. Echocardiogram revealed hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Prostaglandin E1 was started and the infant responded, confirming duct-dependent systemic circulation. The case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of neonatal shock.
This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This presentation is a part 2/4 of series of presentation on Paediatric immunization.This presentation aims at helping the pediatric trainees and practitioners to brush up their knowledge in Immunization. The schedule is based on the Universal Immunisation Programme. I have tried to cover as much as possible in terms of individual vaccines and hope it is beneficial to the reader.
This document discusses special situations and adverse events following immunization. It provides guidance on vaccinating preterm/low birth weight infants, those receiving corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy, children with malignancies, congenital immunodeficiencies, chronic diseases, allergies, bleeding disorders, or acute illness. It recommends that most vaccines can be administered according to chronological age for preterm/low birth weight infants. It also provides specific guidance on contraindications and precautions for different groups.
This document provides information on the national immunization schedules for infants and children in India. It includes the vaccines recommended, the ages at which they should be administered, dosage, route of administration, maximum age limits, and storage requirements. Key details provided for individual vaccines include dose, administration route and site, adverse reactions, contraindications, schedules, and cold chain storage temperatures. The schedules outline the vaccines recommended by the national program as well as by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics.
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte requirements in newborns. It notes that total body water is divided between intracellular and extracellular spaces, with sodium being the main extracellular ion and potassium the main intracellular ion. Fluid volumes are regulated by sodium and potassium salts in each compartment. Principles of fluid management include maintaining appropriate extracellular fluid volume and osmolality. Factors like gestational age, postnatal age, and weight loss influence fluid needs. Guidelines are provided for initial daily fluid requirements based on birth weight and monitoring fluid status through weight, clinical exam, serum and urine tests.
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte physiology in neonates. It covers developmental changes from intrauterine life through childhood and how this affects total body water, extracellular fluid, and intracellular fluid levels at different ages. It also discusses fluid shifts that occur during labor, delivery, and the postnatal period. Guidelines are provided for estimating insensible water loss and determining intravenous fluid and electrolyte requirements for term and preterm neonates of different gestational ages and weights.
This document describes the case of a 10-day-old infant presenting with signs of shock including tachycardia, poor perfusion, and decreased urine output. Examinations revealed hepatomegaly and other signs suggestive of shock. Investigations showed metabolic acidosis and low blood sugar. The infant did not respond to initial fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. Echocardiogram revealed hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Prostaglandin E1 was started and the infant responded, confirming duct-dependent systemic circulation. The case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of neonatal shock.
This document discusses rotavirus disease and the rotavirus vaccine. It begins with an introduction about rotavirus, which causes severe diarrhea in young children globally. It then discusses the epidemiology of rotavirus including the viral agent, those affected, and transmission through the fecal-oral route. Four types of rotavirus vaccines available in India are described along with their composition, dosage, administration, and efficacy. Storage requirements are outlined, and vaccine stock management including early expiry, first out is advised. The document concludes with recommendations for phasing in the vaccine and estimating annual vaccine requirements based on the target population and doses.
Vaccines must be stored at specific temperatures depending on their type to maintain effectiveness. The most sensitive vaccines like oral polio vaccine must be kept between -15 to -25°C, while vaccines like DPT and Hep B can be stored at higher temperatures between +2 to +8°C. Proper temperature monitoring, inventory management using FEFO, and use of cold chain equipment is important when handling and transporting vaccines. Nurses play an important role in properly administering vaccines according to guidelines and maintaining accurate immunization records in the community.
1) Bacterial sepsis in neonates is a clinical syndrome of infection with bacteremia in the first month of life, which can lead to pneumonia or meningitis. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality.
2) Early onset sepsis occurs within 72 hours of birth and is usually caused by maternal genital tract bacteria. Late onset sepsis occurs after 72 hours and is often due to environmental bacteria or prolonged hospitalization.
3) Diagnosis is based on risk factors, clinical features and confirmation via sepsis screening tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Treatment involves supportive care and antibiotics.
The document discusses various topics related to immunization including:
- The goals of immunization are disease prevention in individuals and eventually worldwide disease eradication.
- Immunization involves administering vaccines to stimulate immunity against infectious diseases. There are active, passive, and herd types of immunization.
- Pakistan's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) recommends vaccines for BCG, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, and measles to be given from birth through age 15 months. Some non-EPI recommended vaccines include rotavirus, influenza, varicella, meningococcal, and pneumococcal vaccines.
This document provides information about community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. It defines CAP and lists the most common bacterial and viral causes. Risk factors for CAP include malnutrition, low birth weight, lack of breastfeeding, and lack of measles immunization. The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves four stages: congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, and resolution. Management of CAP involves classifying cases as pneumonia or severe pneumonia based on clinical features like fast breathing and chest indrawing. Investigations include blood tests and chest x-rays. Treatment depends on the classification and includes antibiotics. Complications can be pulmonary or extra-pulmonary. Prevention strategies are also discussed but not described.
Hypothermia is a significant problem in neonates that can lead to increased mortality and morbidity. It is caused by situations that lead to excessive heat loss or poor ability to produce heat in babies. These include cold environments, wet skin, procedures like bathing, and low birth weight. Newborns are prone to hypothermia due to their large surface area and limited ability to generate heat. Prevention focuses on keeping babies warm through immediate drying and skin-to-skin contact with the mother. Treatment involves gradually rewarming the baby and minimizing further heat loss. Healthcare providers must be alert to the risks and take steps to maintain the baby's temperature within a normal range.
Recommended Immunization Schedules For Children And Adolescents,DJ CrissCross
The document outlines the recommended immunization schedules for children and adolescents in the United States in 2007, including details on the vaccines, ages for administration, dosage information, efficacy of the vaccines, and notable changes from previous years such as the addition of rotavirus and HPV vaccines. It provides guidance on the optimal timing and procedures for administering 16 different vaccines to help protect against various diseases.
The document discusses several vaccines including BCG, DTP, polio, Hib, MMR, rotavirus, varicella, hepatitis A, and pneumococcal. It provides information on the nature of the vaccines, indications for use, efficacy, administration schedule and route, storage requirements, adverse reactions and contraindications. Specific details are given for dosage, intervals between doses, age for administration and booster schedules for many of the vaccines.
The document summarizes neonatal sepsis, including its definition, epidemiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses the pathophysiology of neonatal immune deficiency that predisposes infants to sepsis. Early and late onset sepsis are described, along with common pathogens for each. Risk factors like prematurity, maternal infections, and invasive procedures are outlined. The clinical presentation of sepsis is generally non-specific. Evaluation includes blood tests and cultures. Treatment involves initial broad-spectrum antibiotics tailored based on results and infant risk factors. Prevention strategies like vaccines and hand washing are mentioned.
Respiratory distress is a common problem in newborns. This document discusses the epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, causes and management approaches for several major causes of respiratory distress in newborns, including meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, and transient tachypnea of newborn. It provides clinical guidance on evaluating and treating newborns presenting with respiratory distress.
this is a complete discussion and an approach to a child with febrile seizure / convulsion.
It contains:-
Case scenario
Causes of Seizures in the setting of fever
Definition of Febrile Seizure
Age of Occurrence
Types of Febrile Convulsions
Risks of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Risk For Developing Epilepsy After Febrile Seizures
Workup for Febrile Seizure
Red Flags in Febrile Seizures
Treatment
Prognosis
Disinfection in the Neonatal Intensive Care UnitDr. Anuja Joshi
The document discusses asepsis and disinfection in the neonatal ICU. Newborns in the NICU are at high risk of infection due to factors like prematurity and lack of developed skin and immune systems. Many infections acquired in the NICU are caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Proper asepsis including strict hand hygiene and surface disinfection are essential to prevent these infections. Standard protocols for cleaning, disinfecting high-touch surfaces and monitoring infections must be established and followed closely.
- Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure seen in pediatrics, occurring in 5% of children between 6 months and 5 years of age in response to a rapid rise in fever from an extracranial infection. Risk factors include a family history of febrile seizures.
- Febrile seizures typically present as generalized tonic-clonic seizures lasting less than 15 minutes, with a brief postictal period and no neurological signs between seizures. Treatment focuses on controlling fever and preventing injury during seizures.
- Most children with simple febrile seizures do not require anticonvulsant treatment and have a good prognosis, with a low risk of developing epilepsy. However, recurrent or complex fe
This document outlines objectives and content for a seminar on newborn mortality and care in India. It begins with objectives focused on explaining current status of newborn mortality, neonatal intensive care services, the neonatal golden hour and minutes. It then provides terminology used in neonatology and the neonatal period. The introduction defines neonatology and its focus on newborn infants up to 28 days of age. Subsequent sections cover trends in neonatal mortality rates globally and in India, causes of neonatal mortality in India, disparities between states, and India's progress toward UN Sustainable Development Goals. Interventions under India's National Health Mission focusing on newborns are also outlined. The document concludes with an overview of India's Newborn Action
This document discusses developmentally supportive care in the NICU. It describes how the NICU environment has transitioned from a technology-oriented space that could overstimulate or deprive infants to one that aims to mimic the womb and support brain development. It outlines principles of developmentally supportive care like NICU design, positioning, handling infants, and parental participation. Interventions like kangaroo care, non-nutritive sucking, massage therapy, and multimodal stimulation are described that aim to properly stimulate infant senses and support physiology and behavior.
This document discusses immunization and different types of vaccines. It describes passive and active immunization. Passive immunization provides immediate short-term protection from antibodies without immune system activation, while active immunization activates the immune system to produce long-lasting immunity. The document outlines various vaccine types including live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, and subunit vaccines. It provides details on vaccine administration, schedules, and contraindications.
Febrile seizures are seizures that occur in young children between 3 months and 6 years of age when they have a fever but no serious underlying condition. They are relatively common, affecting 3-4% of children under 5 years old. While the exact cause is unknown, there are likely genetic and environmental factors that make some children more susceptible. Most febrile seizures are brief and do not cause long-term problems, but recurrent or prolonged seizures may increase the risk of developing epilepsy later in life. Treatment focuses on managing the fever and preventing future febrile seizures.
The document discusses several vaccines including DTaP, hepatitis B, and polio. It provides information on what each vaccine protects against, how they are administered, dosing schedules, who should and should not receive each vaccine, reported side effects, and safety information. For DTaP, it recommends a series of 5 doses for children and notes common mild side effects. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and certain at-risk groups of adults. The polio vaccine is an inactivated virus vaccine administered via intramuscular injection with a primary series for infants and booster at age 4-6.
This document discusses rotavirus disease and the rotavirus vaccine. It begins with an introduction about rotavirus, which causes severe diarrhea in young children globally. It then discusses the epidemiology of rotavirus including the viral agent, those affected, and transmission through the fecal-oral route. Four types of rotavirus vaccines available in India are described along with their composition, dosage, administration, and efficacy. Storage requirements are outlined, and vaccine stock management including early expiry, first out is advised. The document concludes with recommendations for phasing in the vaccine and estimating annual vaccine requirements based on the target population and doses.
Vaccines must be stored at specific temperatures depending on their type to maintain effectiveness. The most sensitive vaccines like oral polio vaccine must be kept between -15 to -25°C, while vaccines like DPT and Hep B can be stored at higher temperatures between +2 to +8°C. Proper temperature monitoring, inventory management using FEFO, and use of cold chain equipment is important when handling and transporting vaccines. Nurses play an important role in properly administering vaccines according to guidelines and maintaining accurate immunization records in the community.
1) Bacterial sepsis in neonates is a clinical syndrome of infection with bacteremia in the first month of life, which can lead to pneumonia or meningitis. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality.
2) Early onset sepsis occurs within 72 hours of birth and is usually caused by maternal genital tract bacteria. Late onset sepsis occurs after 72 hours and is often due to environmental bacteria or prolonged hospitalization.
3) Diagnosis is based on risk factors, clinical features and confirmation via sepsis screening tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Treatment involves supportive care and antibiotics.
The document discusses various topics related to immunization including:
- The goals of immunization are disease prevention in individuals and eventually worldwide disease eradication.
- Immunization involves administering vaccines to stimulate immunity against infectious diseases. There are active, passive, and herd types of immunization.
- Pakistan's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) recommends vaccines for BCG, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, and measles to be given from birth through age 15 months. Some non-EPI recommended vaccines include rotavirus, influenza, varicella, meningococcal, and pneumococcal vaccines.
This document provides information about community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. It defines CAP and lists the most common bacterial and viral causes. Risk factors for CAP include malnutrition, low birth weight, lack of breastfeeding, and lack of measles immunization. The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves four stages: congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, and resolution. Management of CAP involves classifying cases as pneumonia or severe pneumonia based on clinical features like fast breathing and chest indrawing. Investigations include blood tests and chest x-rays. Treatment depends on the classification and includes antibiotics. Complications can be pulmonary or extra-pulmonary. Prevention strategies are also discussed but not described.
Hypothermia is a significant problem in neonates that can lead to increased mortality and morbidity. It is caused by situations that lead to excessive heat loss or poor ability to produce heat in babies. These include cold environments, wet skin, procedures like bathing, and low birth weight. Newborns are prone to hypothermia due to their large surface area and limited ability to generate heat. Prevention focuses on keeping babies warm through immediate drying and skin-to-skin contact with the mother. Treatment involves gradually rewarming the baby and minimizing further heat loss. Healthcare providers must be alert to the risks and take steps to maintain the baby's temperature within a normal range.
Recommended Immunization Schedules For Children And Adolescents,DJ CrissCross
The document outlines the recommended immunization schedules for children and adolescents in the United States in 2007, including details on the vaccines, ages for administration, dosage information, efficacy of the vaccines, and notable changes from previous years such as the addition of rotavirus and HPV vaccines. It provides guidance on the optimal timing and procedures for administering 16 different vaccines to help protect against various diseases.
The document discusses several vaccines including BCG, DTP, polio, Hib, MMR, rotavirus, varicella, hepatitis A, and pneumococcal. It provides information on the nature of the vaccines, indications for use, efficacy, administration schedule and route, storage requirements, adverse reactions and contraindications. Specific details are given for dosage, intervals between doses, age for administration and booster schedules for many of the vaccines.
The document summarizes neonatal sepsis, including its definition, epidemiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses the pathophysiology of neonatal immune deficiency that predisposes infants to sepsis. Early and late onset sepsis are described, along with common pathogens for each. Risk factors like prematurity, maternal infections, and invasive procedures are outlined. The clinical presentation of sepsis is generally non-specific. Evaluation includes blood tests and cultures. Treatment involves initial broad-spectrum antibiotics tailored based on results and infant risk factors. Prevention strategies like vaccines and hand washing are mentioned.
Respiratory distress is a common problem in newborns. This document discusses the epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, causes and management approaches for several major causes of respiratory distress in newborns, including meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, and transient tachypnea of newborn. It provides clinical guidance on evaluating and treating newborns presenting with respiratory distress.
this is a complete discussion and an approach to a child with febrile seizure / convulsion.
It contains:-
Case scenario
Causes of Seizures in the setting of fever
Definition of Febrile Seizure
Age of Occurrence
Types of Febrile Convulsions
Risks of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Risk For Developing Epilepsy After Febrile Seizures
Workup for Febrile Seizure
Red Flags in Febrile Seizures
Treatment
Prognosis
Disinfection in the Neonatal Intensive Care UnitDr. Anuja Joshi
The document discusses asepsis and disinfection in the neonatal ICU. Newborns in the NICU are at high risk of infection due to factors like prematurity and lack of developed skin and immune systems. Many infections acquired in the NICU are caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Proper asepsis including strict hand hygiene and surface disinfection are essential to prevent these infections. Standard protocols for cleaning, disinfecting high-touch surfaces and monitoring infections must be established and followed closely.
- Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure seen in pediatrics, occurring in 5% of children between 6 months and 5 years of age in response to a rapid rise in fever from an extracranial infection. Risk factors include a family history of febrile seizures.
- Febrile seizures typically present as generalized tonic-clonic seizures lasting less than 15 minutes, with a brief postictal period and no neurological signs between seizures. Treatment focuses on controlling fever and preventing injury during seizures.
- Most children with simple febrile seizures do not require anticonvulsant treatment and have a good prognosis, with a low risk of developing epilepsy. However, recurrent or complex fe
This document outlines objectives and content for a seminar on newborn mortality and care in India. It begins with objectives focused on explaining current status of newborn mortality, neonatal intensive care services, the neonatal golden hour and minutes. It then provides terminology used in neonatology and the neonatal period. The introduction defines neonatology and its focus on newborn infants up to 28 days of age. Subsequent sections cover trends in neonatal mortality rates globally and in India, causes of neonatal mortality in India, disparities between states, and India's progress toward UN Sustainable Development Goals. Interventions under India's National Health Mission focusing on newborns are also outlined. The document concludes with an overview of India's Newborn Action
This document discusses developmentally supportive care in the NICU. It describes how the NICU environment has transitioned from a technology-oriented space that could overstimulate or deprive infants to one that aims to mimic the womb and support brain development. It outlines principles of developmentally supportive care like NICU design, positioning, handling infants, and parental participation. Interventions like kangaroo care, non-nutritive sucking, massage therapy, and multimodal stimulation are described that aim to properly stimulate infant senses and support physiology and behavior.
This document discusses immunization and different types of vaccines. It describes passive and active immunization. Passive immunization provides immediate short-term protection from antibodies without immune system activation, while active immunization activates the immune system to produce long-lasting immunity. The document outlines various vaccine types including live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, and subunit vaccines. It provides details on vaccine administration, schedules, and contraindications.
Febrile seizures are seizures that occur in young children between 3 months and 6 years of age when they have a fever but no serious underlying condition. They are relatively common, affecting 3-4% of children under 5 years old. While the exact cause is unknown, there are likely genetic and environmental factors that make some children more susceptible. Most febrile seizures are brief and do not cause long-term problems, but recurrent or prolonged seizures may increase the risk of developing epilepsy later in life. Treatment focuses on managing the fever and preventing future febrile seizures.
The document discusses several vaccines including DTaP, hepatitis B, and polio. It provides information on what each vaccine protects against, how they are administered, dosing schedules, who should and should not receive each vaccine, reported side effects, and safety information. For DTaP, it recommends a series of 5 doses for children and notes common mild side effects. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and certain at-risk groups of adults. The polio vaccine is an inactivated virus vaccine administered via intramuscular injection with a primary series for infants and booster at age 4-6.
The document discusses several vaccines including DTaP, hepatitis B, and polio. It provides information on what each vaccine protects against, how they are administered, dosing schedules, who should and should not receive each vaccine, reported side effects, and safety information. For DTaP, it recommends a series of 5 doses for children and notes common mild side effects. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and certain at-risk groups of adults. The polio vaccine is an inactivated virus vaccine administered via intramuscular injection with a primary series for infants and booster at age 4-6.
The document discusses several vaccines including DTaP, hepatitis B, and polio. It provides details on:
- What each vaccine protects against (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis; hepatitis B; polio)
- How the vaccines are administered (intramuscular injection)
- Recommended dosages and schedules for children and adults
- Potential side effects of each vaccine
- Contraindications for who should not receive each vaccine
The document discusses several vaccines including DTaP, hepatitis B, and polio. It provides details on:
- What each vaccine protects against (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis; hepatitis B; polio)
- How the vaccines are administered (intramuscular injection)
- Recommended dosages and schedules for children and adults for each vaccine
- Potential side effects of each vaccine and contraindications
The document discusses several vaccines including DTaP, hepatitis B, and polio. It provides details on:
- What each vaccine protects against (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis; hepatitis B; polio)
- How each vaccine is administered (intramuscular injection)
- Recommended doses and schedules for children and adults
- Potential side effects of each vaccine
- Contraindications for who should not receive each vaccine
This document provides guidelines for routine childhood immunizations. It recommends that all children receive vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and varicella by 18 months of age through multiple doses. It provides specific dosing schedules and guidelines for vaccines including DTaP, IPV, MMR, varicella, pneumococcal, hepatitis A, influenza, meningococcal, typhoid, rabies, and rotavirus. It also outlines general rules regarding contraindications and precautions for vaccination.
Universal Programme Immunization as per World Health Organisation in India with Cold Chain and Vaccine Storage in Overall Health Management for Children under 5 years of age
the ppt describes the pentavalent and trivalent according to the national immunisation program,india in an easy to understand and interactive form.useful for students and tutors.
also has a FAQ section.
Immunization in adults, geriatrics and paediatrics.Milancpatel
This document provides information on immunization in adults, geriatrics, and pediatrics. It discusses what immunization is, the history of vaccination including key figures like Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, vaccine-preventable diseases, and recommended vaccination schedules for adults, pregnant women, infants, and children. It also covers vaccination considerations for immunocompromised individuals and provides dos and don'ts for vaccine handling, administration, and vaccination during pregnancy.
This document provides an overview of immunization and vaccination. It discusses the history of vaccination from variolation to modern vaccines. It defines immunization as administering antigens or antibodies to elicit an immunological response that protects against disease. The document outlines national immunization schedules and describes various vaccine types including live, killed, toxoid, and subunit vaccines. It provides details on specific vaccines such as BCG, OPV, IPV, hepatitis B, DPT, pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, MMR, and varicella. Adverse effects and vaccine storage are also discussed.
This document discusses immunization and vaccines. It begins by outlining the importance of immunization for child survival and lowering morbidity and mortality rates. It then defines key terms like immunization, immunity, vaccine, and vaccination. It provides details on full and partial immunization schedules for children and mothers. It discusses herd immunity and milestones in India's immunization program. It also covers barriers to immunization, reasons for low coverage, guidelines for routine immunization, and the cold chain system. Finally, it discusses adverse events following immunization and how to minimize their occurrence.
This document provides information on immunization including key terms, vaccination schedules, and maintaining the cold chain. It discusses immunization as a key child survival strategy and outlines the national immunization schedule in India. Full immunization requires 3 doses of DPT and OPV vaccines and 1 dose of BCG, measles, and tetanus toxoid vaccines. The cold chain system is crucial for transporting and storing vaccines at the proper temperatures. Proper maintenance of equipment like ILRs and cold boxes is needed to ensure vaccine efficacy. Adverse events following immunization are usually minor but can occasionally be more severe.
The document discusses the history and science of immunization and vaccination. It begins by describing how Edward Jenner used cowpox to provide immunity against smallpox. Later, Louis Pasteur further developed vaccination principles. In 1974, the WHO organized the Expanded Program on Immunization and in 1985 India introduced the Universal Immunization Program. The document then defines key vaccination terms and describes various types of immunizing agents and vaccines including live, killed, toxoids, and subunit vaccines. It provides details on vaccination schedules, administration routes, contraindications and the importance of cold chain storage.
This document provides information on various immunization objectives, types of vaccines, administration procedures, and precautions. It discusses common childhood vaccines such as BCG, DTP, polio, measles, and hepatitis B. It also covers contraindications, side effects, and recommended immunization schedules. Special populations like immunocompromised individuals are addressed. The importance of immunization for prevention and control of diseases in children is emphasized.
This document discusses tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria. It enters the body through wounds and produces a toxin. It causes lockjaw and painful muscle spasms. At risk groups are ages 5-40, males, farmers, and those in rural areas. Transmission occurs via contaminated soil, animal waste in wounds, or unhygienic childbirth/surgery. Prevention includes vaccination, wound cleaning, and passive immunization with antibodies. Treatment focuses on medical care, more antibodies, and antibiotics when indicated.
The document summarizes the National Immunization Program in the Philippines. It discusses the history and establishment of the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1976. It outlines the global burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in children, with an estimated 1.4 million deaths in 2002. The objectives of the program are to reduce morbidity and mortality from common vaccine-preventable diseases like measles, polio, and tetanus. It also discusses policies, strategies, vaccines, schedules, and guidelines to effectively implement the immunization program.
This document provides information on various vaccines including rabies, varicella, hepatitis A, cholera, yellow fever, rotavirus, meningococcal, typhoid, influenza, HPV, pneumococcal and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. It discusses the contents, schedules, efficacy, administration details, storage requirements, contraindications and important considerations for each vaccine. The document serves as a reference for healthcare professionals on the key aspects of commonly used vaccines.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
4. BCG
Type Live attenuated
Composition Danish 1331 strain of M. bovis.
Freeze dried form (lyophilized). Stored in dark colored ampoules (light sensitive)
Reconstituted with Normal saline. No antibiotics or preservatives(Can cause TSS).
Indication for immunization Given to all children at birth to prevent TBM & Miliary TB
Dosage 0.1 ml
Schedule Single dose from birth to within 1st month of life
Catch up: till 1 year of age under UIP, till 5 years of age as per IAP guidelines
Mode of administration Intradermal at left deltoid just above its insertion into humerus. Wheal of 5-7mm
using tuberculin syringe.
Prior cleaning with only saline
Adverse reactions Local: swelling, tenderness, abscess, non healing ulcer, secondary bacterial
infection, keloid
Regional: Left axillary lymphadenopathy
Systemic: fever, erythema nodosum, mediastinal lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis,
disseminated TB
Contra-indications Immunodeficiency, immunosuppressant drugs, allergy to vaccine components
Storage 2-8o C. After reconstitution, use within 4 hrs
Additional note Post immunization changes:
-Wheal disappears within few minutes
-Papule develops by 2-4 weeks
-Increases in size to 5-8mm by 6 weeks
-Develops into an ulcer which heals by 8-12 weeks
5. Oral Polio Vaccine(OPV) Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)
Type Live attenuated Killed (grown in tissue culture and inactivated in formalin)
Composition Sabin vaccine. Bivalent Contains Type 1 and 3 poliovirus. No
preservative. Neomycin present.
Salk vaccine. Trivalent type 1,2 & 3 poliovirus
Indication for immunization All infants and children. Included in UIP All infants and children. Included in UIP
Dosage 2 drops 0.5ml (IM)
Fractional dose: 0.1ml (ID)
Schedule At birth dose of OPV is must. Given in place of IPV when it is not
feasible. Extra doses to be given on all supplementary immunization
activities (Pulse polio immunization)
Catch up: till 5 years of age
6,10,14 weeks IM as combination vaccine or two fractional
doses ID at 6& 14 wks. Booster at 16-18 months and 4-6
years
Catch up: till 5 years of age. Two doses at an interval of 8
weeks. Followed by booster 6 months later
Mode of administration Oral IM anterolateral aspect of thigh in infants & young children
and deltoid in older children or fractional dose ID
Adverse reactions Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP)
Vaccine derived polio viruses (VDPV)
Local pain, redness, swelling, fever, allergic reactions
Contra-indications Immunodeficiency, fever, diarrhea Allergy, fever
Storage Extremely thermo-labile. - 20 o C at manufacturer/distributer level (up
to 2 yrs). 6 months at 2-8o C. 1-3 days at room temperature. Has Vaccine
Vial Monitor
2-8o C
Additional note Efficacy of vaccine after single dose is low. Hence multiple doses
required. Provides mucosal immunity (IgA antibodies) & herd immunity.
6. Hepatitis B Hib Vaccine
Type Recombinant vaccine All vaccines are conjugated
Composition Surface antigen of Hep B produced by recombinant technology in yeast cells &
adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide
PRP-T: Type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated with
carrier protein tetanus toxoid
HBOC: carrier protein diphtheria toxoid
Indication for immunization All children, adults at high risk such as health care workers, recipients of
frequent blood transfusions, uses of IV drugs, household contacts
All children below 5 years of age, unimmunized children
above 5 years of age having functional or anatomic
asplenia (sickle cell, splenectomy), immunodeficient (HIV,
malignancy, congenital)
Dosage 0.5 ml less than 18 yrs and 1 ml in more than 18 yrs 0.5ml
Schedule Any one of the following: 0 -1 mon-6 mon/ 6-10-14 wk (along with DPT)/ total
4 doses permissible 0-6-10-14 wks.
Catch up: : 0-1 mon-6 mon
Routine: 6,10,14 weeks as pentavalent(UIP). 6,10,14
weeks & booster at 12-18 months (IAP)
Catch up under IAP schedule: up to 5 years
6-12 mon: 2 primary doses 8 weeks apart & booster at 12-
18 months
12-15 mon: one primary dose & booster after 8 weeks
> 15 mon: single dose
Mode of administration IM anterolateral aspect of thigh in infants & young children and deltoid in older
children
IM anterolateral aspect of thigh
Adverse reactions Local pain, fever, allergic reaction, vey rare myalgia, diarrhea, abdo pain, GBS Pain, redness, swelling
Rare: fever, rashes, urticaria, vomiting, diarrhea
Contra-indications Known hypersensitivity, severe febrile illness Known hypersensitivity, severe febrile illness
Storage 2-8o C. Should not be frozen 2-8o C. Should not be frozen
7. DwPT DaPT Tdap dT TT
Type Whole cell DPT vaccine Acellular Pertusis Vaccine Standard dose tetanus & reduced dose
diptheria & acellular pertusis
Standard dose tetanus &
reduced dose diptheria
Tetanus Toxoid
Composition Diptheria toxoid: 25Lf
Tetanus toxoid:5Lf
Killed whole cell B.Pertusis baccili: 20000-30000 million
Adsorbed Aluminum Phosphate
Thiomersal as preservative
Instead of using whole cell, certain key
components of pertussis important for
inducing immunity are used i.e
Pertusis toxin(PT), Filamentous
hemagglutinin(FHA), Pertactin (PRN)&
Fimbrial hemaggliutinins (FIM).
Treated with formalin to obtain toxoids &
adsorbed onto aluminium salts
Diptheria toxoid: 2 Lf
Tetanus Toxoid: 5 Lf
Pertusis antigens reduced dose: PT, FHA,
PRN,FIM
Diptheria toxoid: 2 Lf
Tetanus Toxoid: 5 Lf
5 Lf of tetanus toxoid
Indication for immunization According to UIP & IAP all children 6weeks to 5 years Current recommendation is to use either DTaP
or DTwP.
DTaP especially to those who developed rare
systemic side effects with DTwP
Due to shift of pertussis infection in older
population over time, pertussis vaccination with
reduced dose has been considered in
adolescents & adults
-Routine immunization at 10 & 16
yrs & pregnancy. Now replaced by
Tdap & td
-During injury
Dosage 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml
Schedule Routine: 3 doses at 6-10-14 wks(as pentavalent in UIP),
booster at 16-18 months & 5-6 yrs
Catch up: :
Less than 7 years: 0,1 & 6 months. 2nd booster can be
skipped if last dose given beyond 4 yrs.
More than 7 years: Not recommended
Same as DTwP Children who received primary immunization + two DPT boosters: Tdap at 10-12 yrs
& then Td 10 yearly.
Catch up vaccination above 7 years: Tdap followed by Td at 1 & 6 months
Pregnant women: Tdap as early in pregnancy as possible & then Td 4 weeks later
(second dose atleast 2 weeks before delivery). Subsequent deliveries within 3 years:
only single Tdap
During injury
In fully immunized children:
-Minor clean wounds:
1 dose if child immunized > 10 yrs
ago
-Major/unclean wounds: 1 dose if
child immunized >5 yrs ago.
Unknown/unimmunized: 3 doses
Mode of administration IM anterolateral aspect of thigh in infants & young children
and deltoid in older children
IM IM IM IM
Adverse reactions Local pain, tenderness, fever, vomiting, irritability are
extremely common & occur due to pertussis component.
Rare:
-Hyperpyrexia
-Hyporeactive Hypotonic Episode (HHE)
-Persistent crying
-Seizures
-Encephalopathy
-Anaphylaxis
Pain,swelling,tenderness much less
comapered to DTwP. Systemic reactions rare.
Pain, swelling, erythema much less than DTP.
Fever, bodyache
Pain, swelling, erythema much
less than DTP. Fever, bodyache
Local pain, redness, swelling
Contra-indications Beyond 7 years because of increased incidence of severe
systemic reactions beyond this age. h/o anaphylaxis or
development of encephalopathy within 7 days of prior
vaccination.
Beyond 7 years because of increased
incidence of severe systemic reactions beyond
this age.
- - -
Storage 2-8o C. Should not be frozen 2-8o C. Should not be frozen 2-8o C. Should not be frozen 2-8o C. Should not be frozen 2-8o C. Should not be frozen
8. Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV) Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Type Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Protein conjugate
Composition (Pneumovax)
Contains purified capsular polysaccharides of 23 strains of S. pneumoniae
10 valent (Synflorix)
13 valent (Prevenar)
Polysaccharide capsule of different serotypes of S pneumoniae are conjugated to
carried protein to make them immunogenic in infants, confer long lasting
protection and induce immunogenic memory
Indication for immunization High risk grp: Functional or anatomic asplenia, Nephrotic syndrome,
Immunocompromised pt such as those with HIV, Chronic cardiac/pulmon/renal
disease
PCV 10 & 13 are being introduced in EPI in phased manner.
Offered to all affordable children under 5 yrs of age
Dosage 0.5ml 0.5ml
Schedule Not recommended below 2 years of age.
One dose of PPSV 8 weeks after completing all doses of PCV in high risk grp
UIP schedule: 2 primary doses 6 &14 wks of age and booster at 9 months of age.
Catch up under UIP: If child less than 1 yr of age , all 3 doses to be separated by
atleast 2 months. Above 1 yr of age, only if child has received one dose before 1 yr
of age
IAP schedule:
2-6month old child: 6,10,14 wks & booster in second yr of life
7-11 month old child: 2 primary doses 4 wks apart & booster inn second yr of life
12-23 month old child: 2 doses 8 wks apart
Children 2-5 yr old: single dose
Mode of administration IM IM
Adverse reactions Local pain, redness, swelling, fever, infrequent: allergic reactions Local pain, redness, swelling, fever
Contra-indications Known hypersensitivity, severe febrile illness, pregnancy Known hypersensitivity, severe febrile illness
Storage 2-8o C. 2-8o C.
Additional note Poorly immunogenic below 2 years of age
9. Hepatitis A Vaccines Typhoid Vaccines Rotaviral Vaccines
Biovac Havarix
Vi Capsular Polysacharide
vaccine
(Bio typh)
Vi Conjugate Vaccine
(typbar) Rotavac Rotarix
Type Live attenuated Inactivated Subunit vaccine Subunit vaccine Live attenuated Live attenuated
Composition H2 attenuated strain of Hep A. Lyophilized
form
HM 175 Hep A virus strain
propagated in human diploid
cells, aluminum hydroxide
adjuvant . Formalin inactivated
Purified & inactivated Vi capsular
polysaccharide of S. Typhi with
phenol as preservative
Conjugated to tetanus toxoid Indian Neonatal Rotavirus live
Vaccine 116E
(monovalent, bovine-human
reassortant strain,vero cell
derived)
Human Monovalent Live Vaccine
RV1
Lyophilized powder form
Indication for
immunization
Healthy children above 1 year of age. Not recommended for use in UIP. Offered
to affordable patients.
Special emphasis on: Chronic liver disease, Carrier of Hep B & C, travelers to
endemic region, household contacts of Hep A pt, food handlers
Not recommended for use in UIP.
Offered to affordable patients
Not recommended for use in UIP.
Offered to affordable patients
Given under UIP to all infants less
than 1 year of age
Not recommended for use in UIP.
Offered to affordable patients
Dosage 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 5 drops (0.5 ml) 1 ml
Schedule Single dose 12-24 months of age
Catch up: pre vaccination screening
recommended in children > 10 years
2 doses. Minimum age for 1st dose
1 year & 2nd dose 6-18 months
from 1st dose.
Catch up: pre vaccination
screening recommended in
children > 10 years
Single dose in children aged 2
years and above & revaccination
every 3 years
Single dose in children above 6
months of age upto 45 years in
adults
3 doses 6,10,14 weeks
Catch up: Max age for first dose is
1 year under UIP
Only 2 doses at 6,10 wks
Catch up: Max age for first dose is
14 wks 6 days and max age for
final dose is 8 months
Mode of administration SC IM IM IM oral oral
Adverse reactions Local pain, swelling. fever , headache,
malaise. Hypersensitivity
Local pain, swelling. fever ,
headache, malaise.
Hypersensitivity
Local pain, swelling. Fever ,
headache, malaise.
Hypersensitivity
Local pain , swelling, Fever ,
headache, malaise.
Hypersensitivity
Mild. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever
Contra-indications Known hypersensitivity, severe febrile
illness, pregnancy, Immunospressed pt
Known hypersensitivity, severe
febrile illness, pregnancy,
Hypersensitivity, pregnancy Hypersensitivity, pregnancy -h/o anaphylaxis
-h/o intussuseption
-SCID
Storage 2-8o C. 2-8o C. 2-8o C 2-8o C 2-8o C for 6 months
-20o C till expiry
Use within 4 hrs of opening the
vial
2-8o C. Should not be frozen
Additional note VVM
10. MMR Varicella Influenza vaccine Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
Type Live attenuated Live attenuated Inactivated Live attenuated/ Inactivated
Composition Measles: Edmonston Zagreb Mumps:
Leningrad Zagreb strain
Rubella: RA 27/3 strain
Freeze dried vaccine, to be diluted with sterile
water
OKA strain obtained by propagation
of the virus in human diploid cell
culture. Lyophilized form
Split viron
Quadrivalent
-Live attenuated SA 14-14-12
-Inactivated (jeev) Vero cell culture
derived
Cell culture derived
Indication for immunization Not included in UIP. May be offered to any
affordable child
Healthy children above 1 year, close
contacts of pts with chickenpox
without history of disease/vaccination
in the past, immunocompromised
children
Not included in UIP
Children 6 mon-5 years, High risk
children > 5 yrs eg chronic
cardiac/pulmonary/renal disease, lab
workers & healthcare personnel
Not included in UIP
Individuals living in endemic areas &
travellers to JE endemic areas
(included in UIP)
Dosage 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5ml
Schedule Routine: 1st dose 12-15 months, 2nd dose 5-6
yrs of age
Catch up: 2 doses 6-8 weeks apart
Routine: 1st dose 12-15 months, 2nd
dose 3-6 months after 1st dose
Catch up: 2 doses 6-8 weeks apart
6 months to 8 yrs: 2 doses 4 weeks
apart & yearly booster
>8yrs: 1 dose yearly
Live attenuated: 1st dose at 9 months
followed by booster at 16-18 months
Inactivated: 2 doses 4 weeks apart for
children aged > 1 year
Upto 15 years of age
Mode of administration SC SC IM Live attenuated: SC
Inactivated: IM
Adverse reactions Local pain, fever, headache, urticaria,
anaphylaxis, measles like rash, arthralgia,
arthritis, aseptic meningitis, orchitis, mild
parotitis
Fever, pain, mild papulovesicular
eruptions in 5%
Pain, swelling, redness, fever,
bodyache, rare: GBS, neuralgia,
thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis
Local pain, swelling, redness, malaise
Contra-indications Pregnancy, h/o allergy, severe febrile illness,
severe immune deficiency
Pregnancy, anaphylactic reaction to
component, depressed cellular
immunity
h/o allergy to components, h/o GBS,
ongoing acute severe illness
Pregnancy, hypersensitivity
Live vaccine: immunosuppression
Storage 2-8o C. Protect from light. Diluent should not
be frozen
2-8o C. Protect from light. Diluent
should not be frozen
2-8o C 2-8o C
Additional note UIP: MR vaccine introduced in place of measles
vaccine
11. Rabies Vaccine Human anti-tetanus
immunoglobulin
Type Three types:
1) Neural tissue vaccine: poorly immunogenic, severe neurological
reactions
2) Purified duck embryo vaccine: allergic reactions
3) Tissue culture vaccine: extremely safe and require fewer doses. Two
generations
- Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)
- Purified chick embryo culture vaccine(PCECV) & Purified vero cell rabies
vaccine (PVRV)
Immunoglobulin
Composition Rabipur: PCEVC. available in lyophilized form
Inactivating agent: BPL
Human IgG specific to tetanus toxin
Indication for immunization Pre-exposure immunization in veterinarians, animal handlers, lab technicians
involved in vaccine production
Post exposure in dog,cat,bats,foxes, racoons, skunks in Category II and III
wounds
Vaccination status unknown/<3 doses, immunodeficient
patients with any type of wound
Dosage 1 ml IM for both pre & post exposure
0.1 ml ID for pre-exposure
250-500 IU
Schedule Pre-exposure immunization: 0,7,28 days
Post exposure :
Essen schedule: 0,3,7,14,28 days
Zagreb Schedule: 2 doses on day 0, 1 dose on day 7 & 21
Single dose
Mode of administration IM anterolateral aspect of thigh in infants & young children and deltoid in
older children (never in gluteal region)
IM
Adverse reactions Local pain, swelling & redness. Fever, malaise, allergic reactions Allergic reactions
Contra-indications Since rabies is universally fatal disease there are no absolute
contraindications to its use
Hypersensitivity to components
Storage 2-8o C. Within 6 hrs of reconstitution