The document defines and compares vaccination and immunization. Vaccination is defined as using vaccines to stimulate immunity against infection or disease, while immunization is the process of becoming immune, typically via vaccination. Vaccines are categorized as either live, containing a weakened live version of the microbe, or inactivated, using killed disease-causing microbes. The BCG vaccine is a live vaccine that provides immunity against tuberculosis. Proper storage, reconstitution, administration and expected effects of the BCG vaccine are outlined.

1. VACCINATION VS. IMMUNIZATION
By the WHO definition:
1. Vaccination: The use of vaccines to stimulate your immune system to protect
you against infection or disease.
2. Immunization: The process of making you immune or resistant to an infectious
disease, typically via vaccination.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers similar
definitions:
1. Vaccination: The act of introducing a vaccine to give you immunity to a specific
disease.
2. Immunization: The process by which vaccination protects you from a disease.
Reff: https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-difference-between-immunization-and-vaccination-
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2. TYPES OF VACCINES
1. Live: live, attenuated vaccines contain a version of the
living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it
can’t cause disease. (E.g. measles, mumps, and
chickenpox).
2. Inactivated: Scientists produce inactivated vaccines by
killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals. (E.g.
Influenza, polio, hepatitis A and rabies.

3. TYPES OF VACCINES
BCG Vaccine
Live vaccine – produces an immunity to tuberculosis.
BCG Storage
 Store in refrigerator (not in freezer) up to 1-2 years
 Outside of refrigerator at room temperature. it will
remain potent for 1 month
 Once reconstituted it loses its potency after 2 hours
 Very sensitive to sunlight (cover with dark paper)

4. TYPES OF VACCINES
BCG Administration
 Reconstitute according to instructions on label.
 Draw up 0.1 ml (0.05 ml in infants) in a 1 ml tuberculin
syringe with a 26 gauge needle.
 Clean site with soap and water (usually left lateral
forearm (below elbow) or right shoulder).
 Stretch skin with thumb and fore finger
 Keep needle flat against skin and insert very
superficially with bevel up. Gradually inject to form a
5mm wheal (like a mosquito bite).
 Will see a red nodule the first week, and possibly
ulceration within 2-6 weeks and then forming of a scar.